A-17
Butane
CAS: 106-97-8
Molecular Formula: C4H10
A-17 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Butane |
| Synonyms | A-17 Butan Butani Bu-Gas Butane Butanen Freon 600 butylhydride Butane [USAN] butane(liquefiedgas) butane(non-specificname) |
| CAS | 106-97-8 |
| EINECS | 203-448-7 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 |
A-17 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H10 |
| Molar Mass | 58.12 |
| Density | 0.579g/mLat 20°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −138°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | −0.5°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 45 |
| Water Solubility | 73.24mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Vapor Presure | 3.21, 1.26, and 0.66 mM at 4, 25, and 50 °C, respectively (Kresheck et al., 1965) |
| Vapor Density | 2.11 (vs air) |
| Appearance | gas |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 800 ppm (～1920 mg/m3)(ACGIH), 500 ppm (1200 mg/m3) (MSHA). |
| Merck | 1515 |
| BRN | 969129 |
| Stability | Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong alkalies. |
| Refractive Index | 1.3326 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: colorless flammable gas. melting point -138.35 ℃ boiling point -0.5 ℃ relative density 2.4553/m3 refractive index 1.3326 solubility insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and other hydrocarbons. |
| Use | Can be dehydrogenation to butadiene, oxidation of acetic acid, maleic anhydride, can also react with sulfur in the gas phase to generate thiophene and so on |
A-17 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R12 - Extremely Flammable R46 - May cause heritable genetic damage R45 - May cause cancer |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| UN IDs | UN 2037 2.1 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | EJ4200000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| Hazard Note | Extremely Flammable |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
| Toxicity | LC50 (inhalation) for mice 680 gm/m3/2-h, rats 658 gm/m3/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
A-17 - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Downstream Products | Liquefied petroleum 3-[(2-AMINOETHYL)AMINO]PROPANESULFONIC ACID |
A-17 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, butane is a colorless, combustible gas with the odor of natural gas. The flammable limit in air is 1.8% to 8. 4%(volume). Spontaneous combustion temperature 430. Butane was shipped as liquefied petroleum gas at 21.1 °c and its own vapor pressure 10 kPa.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
A-17 - Hair-making
Open Data Verified Data
with industrial crude butane (C4 H10 80% ~ 90%) as raw material, molecular sieve as adsorbent for adsorption and purification, the purity of n-butane was 98%. The light components were removed by distillation, and the purity of the product was more than 99. 99%.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:38
A-17 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
pure butane is used for standard gas, calibration gas, aerosol propellant, standard vapor pressure gauge, and ionized particle counter.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:39
A-17 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rats inhaled LC50:658mg/m3. Maximum allowable concentration: 600 x 10-6 (1430mg/m3). N-butane has anesthetic effect at high concentration, and asphyxia effect due to hypoxia. The main symptoms after inhalation are loss of consciousness, muscle weakness and paralysis. The main danger of butane is its strong flammability. Butane cylinders for storage and use should be well ventilated and kept away from heat and fire sources. Open flame must not be used to detect combustible leakage, and soap liquid can be used to detect leakage. Butane should not be used around flash motors or other non-explosion-proof equipment. Butane bottle
Do not store with cylinders containing oxygen, chlorine, other strong oxides, or combustible materials. All lines and equipment with butane shall be grounded.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:31:39
A-17 - Reference Information
| olfactory Threshold | 1200ppm |
| Henry's Law Constant | (atm?m3/mol):0.356 at 5 °C, 0.454 at 10 °C, 0.568 at 15 °C, 0.695 at 20 °C, 0.835 at 25 °C (Ben-Naim et al.,1973) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | A gaseous alkane with the molecular formula C4H10. Found in oil and gas. There are two isomers of linear n-butane and branched isobutane. Both are colorless flammable gases at normal temperature and pressure. n-butane, also known as butane, has a relative density of 0.6012(0 ℃) and 0.5788. Melting Point -138.4 °c. Boiling point -0.5 °c. The critical temperature is 152.01. Critical pressure 3.797MPa. Flash point -60 °c. Refractive index 1.3259 (liquid, under saturation pressure), 1.0013 (gas, under normal pressure). Soluble in ethanol (17 ° C. And 10.332 × 103Pa, 18ml/1ml), ether (25ml/1ml), chloroform (30ml/1ml), slightly soluble in water (0.5ml/1ml). And air to form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit of 1.6% ~ 8.5% (volume fraction). isobutane is also known as 2-methylpropane. Relative density 0.5510 (25 degrees C). Melting Point -159.4 °c. Boiling point -11.7 °c. The critical temperature is 134.98. The critical pressure is 3.65MPa. Refractive index 1.3508 (liquid, at saturation pressure). Flash point -83.6 °c. Ignition point: 420 ℃. It is slightly soluble in water (0.005/100ml at 40 °c), soluble in ethanol (1346/100ml at 17 °c) and ether (2839/100ml at 18 °c). And air to form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit of 1.9% ~ 8.4% (volume fraction). butane is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to produce butene (1-Butene and 2-butene) or butadiene, which is isomerized to isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Isobutane catalyzes the dehydrogenation to generate isobutene (CH3)2C = CH2; Isobutane can be used as a hydrocarbon agent to react with olefins to generate branched alkanes with good antiknock properties, for example, reaction with isobutene to produce isooctane (see Octane, octane number). in the oil refining industry, a large amount of n-butane is produced in the production of gasoline by cracking, which is liquefied together with propane and a small amount of ethane as a fuel, that is, liquefied petroleum gas, and is also used as a solvent and a chemical raw material. |
| toxicity | GRAS(FDA,§ 184, 1165,2000). Not specified by ADI (FAO/WHO,2001). LC50 658g/m3 (rat, 4H, inhalation); LC 680g/m. (Mouse, 2H, inhalation). |
| usage limit | GMP(FDA,§ 184.1165,2000). |
| Application | dehydrogenation to butadiene, oxidation to acetic acid, maleic anhydride, it can also react with sulfur in the gas phase to generate thiophene and so on It is mainly used as the standard gas aerosol and aerator for the analysis and detection instruments of petrochemical enterprises. n-butane is not only used directly as a fuel, but also used as a solvent, refrigerant and raw material for organic synthesis. Butane is dehydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to produce butene or butadiene, isomeric into isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, and isobutane is catalytically dehydrogenated to produce isobutene, isobutane can be used as a hydrocarbon agent to react with olefins to form branched hydrocarbons with good antiknock properties. Maleic anhydride, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, etc. can be prepared by catalytic oxidation of butane; Halogenated halobutane can be prepared; Nitrobutane can be obtained by nitration; Carbon disulfide can be prepared by catalysis at high temperature; hydrogen can be produced by steam reforming. In addition, butane can also be used as motor fuel admixture to control volatile components; It can also be used as heavy oil refining and deasphalting agent; Wax precipitant in oil wells; Overflow agent for secondary oil recovery, resin foaming agent, A refrigerant in which seawater is converted into fresh water, and an olefin agent, a polymerization solvent, and the like. |
| production method | oil field gas, wet natural gas and cracked gas all contain n-butane, which is obtained by separation. (1) from the oil field gas and wet natural gas separation pressure condensation separation, can be liquefied petroleum gas containing propane, butane, and then distillation separation to obtain butane. (2) the gas obtained by distillation at normal temperature and reduced pressure of the refinery is separated from the C4 fraction of petroleum cracking, and the gas is subjected to reforming, catalytic cracking, coking, thermal cracking, the liquid gas obtained by hydrocracking can obtain a large amount of C4 fraction, and the C4 fraction obtained by reforming, hydrocracking and atmospheric and vacuum distillation is mainly butane (n-butane and ISO-butane). The C4 fraction of the by-product of the ethylene plant also contains butane, for example, the yield of butane in the intermediate-depth cracking product of naphtha is 0.19% by weight, representing 6.5% of the C4 fraction. The tail gas from the catalytic cracking unit is fractionated to separate the C3 fraction, isobutylene and C5 fraction, and then sent from the bottom of the column to a front acetonitrile extractive distillation column to obtain 90% or more of n-butane from the top of the column. It is derived from the separation of oilfield gas, wet natural gas and pyrolysis gas. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | low toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50:658000 mg/m3/4 H; Inhalation-mouse LC50:680000 mg/m3/2 h |
| explosive hazard characteristics | open flame mixed with air, thermal explosion |
| flammability hazard characteristics | open flame, combustible under heat; Combustion-induced smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; And oxygen, separate storage of |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1900 mg/m3; Tel 2350 mg/m3 |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | ppm (>10% LEL) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Downstream Products for A-17