ACETIC ACID AMIDE
Acetamide
CAS: 60-35-5
Molecular Formula: C2H5NO
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Acetamide |
| Synonyms | AMIDE C2 Acetamid ACETAMIDE Acetamide Acetamidum ACETIC ACID AMIDE aceticacidamide[qr] acetamide(ethanamide) Acetamid(trigonaleForm) |
| CAS | 60-35-5 |
| EINECS | 200-473-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H5NO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H2,3,4) |
| InChIKey | DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H5NO |
| Molar Mass | 59.07 |
| Density | 1.159 |
| Melting Point | 78-80°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 221°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 220-222°C |
| JECFA Number | 1592 |
| Water Solubility | 2000 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, alcohol, pyridine, chloroform, glycerin and hot benzene, almost insoluble in ether |
| Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 65 °C) |
| Appearance | Colorless crystal |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Mousy odor |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 1 ppm |
| Merck | 14,43 |
| BRN | 1071207 |
| pKa | 0.63(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases. Deliquescent. Triboluminescent. |
| Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
| Refractive Index | 1.4274 |
| MDL | MFCD00008023 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Density 1.159 melting point 79-81°C boiling point 221°C water-soluble 2000g/L (20°C) |
| Use | Mainly used as an organic solvent, can also be used as a plasticizer and peroxide stabilizer, as an antacid in the production of cosmetics, also used for the preparation of hypnotics, pesticides, etc |
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | 40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect |
| Safety Description | 36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 3077 9/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | AB4025000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29241900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 7000 mg/kg |
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Upstream Downstream Industry
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent needle-like crystals. It has the smell of mouse secretion, easy deliquescence, flammable and low toxicity. Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, pyridine and glycerol, slightly soluble in ether. Melting Point 81 °c. Boiling Point 221 °c (look kPa). The relative density was 1.159. Refractive index 4274.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- This product has low toxicity, but it is irritating and can irritate the skin and mucous membranes. Operators should wear protective glasses and masks.
- This product is packaged in glass or plastic bottles. 0.5kg per bottle. External reinforcement with wooden pute barrel. According to the provisions of the storage and transportation of toxic chemicals.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:35:57
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Security information
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS number | AB4025000 |
| F | 3 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 560°C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| customs code | 29241900 |
| toxic substance data | 60-35-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 7000 mg/kg |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Reference Information
| introduction | acetamide is colorless and transparent needle-like crystals with the smell of mouse secretions. Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, pyridine and glycerin, slightly soluble in ether. |
| application | acetamide is azeotropic with water to produce ammonia and the corresponding acid in the presence of acid or alkali. It can be used as a solvent for various inorganic compounds and organic compounds, as well as for making hygroscopic agents, wetting agents, etc. It is prepared by the action of acetyl, acetic anhydride or ethyl acetate and ammonia. |
| organofluorine antidote | acetamide is also known as chlorhexidine. It is an antidote for the poisoning of the pesticide diphylamine (fluoroacetamide), which has the effects of prolonging the incubation period of poisoning, reducing the symptoms of the disease and stopping the disease. The detoxification mechanism may be due to the fact that this product is similar in chemical structure to fluoroacetamide, and can competitively seize certain enzymes, such as amidase, so that it does not produce fluoroethylamine that interferes with the body's tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby eliminating fluoroacetamide Toxicity to the body. Animal experiments show that intramuscular injection of this product can increase the LD50 of fluoroacetamide in mice by 3 times. It is clinically used for organofluorine pesticide poisoning. |
| chemical properties | colorless transparent needle crystal. It has the smell of rat secretions. Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, pyridine and glycerin, slightly soluble in ether. |
| use | mainly used as an organic solvent, can also be used as a stabilizer for plasticizers and peroxides, as an antacid in cosmetic production, and also used to prepare sleeping pills, pesticides, etc. used as analytical reagents, solvents and plasticizers, it is also used in the synthesis of organic and dye Acetamide has a high dielectric constant, is an excellent solvent for many organic and inorganic substances, and is widely used in various industries. It can be used as a solubilizer when some substances with low solubility in water are dissolved in water, such as solvents and solubilizers used as dyes in the fiber industry, and as solvents in the synthesis of chloramphenicol and other antibiotics. Acetamide is weakly alkaline and can be used as an antacid for varnishes, explosives and cosmetics. Acetamide is hygroscopic and can be used as a wetting agent for dyeing; it can also be used as a plasticizer for plastics. N-haloacetamide produced by chlorination or bromination of acetamide is a halogenating reagent for organic synthesis. Acetamide is also a raw material for the manufacture of drugs and fungicides. Acetamide is an antidote to organofluorine insecticidal pesticide-fluoroacetamide poisoning. The mechanism of action is that the chemical structure of the product is similar to that of fluoroacetamide, which can compete with acetamidase, so that fluoroacetamide does not produce fluoroacetic acid, and eliminates the toxic effect of the latter on the tricarboxylic cycle to achieve the purpose of detoxification. As an excellent solvent for many inorganic and organic compounds after melting. Organic synthesis. Add solvent. Stabilizer. Plasticizer. Alcohol denaturant. |
| production method | glacial acetic acid is introduced into ammonium acetate, then acetamide is obtained by pyrolysis and dehydration, and finished product is obtained by crystallization and separation. Raw material consumption quota: acetic acid (99%)1700 kg/t, liquid ammonia (99%)750 kg/t. Laboratory synthesis can be operated as follows. Put 3kg glacial acetic acid in a 5L flask and add ammonium carbonate equivalent to 400g ammonia. The flask is equipped with a high-efficiency fractionation column, condenser and receiver. The reaction mixture is heated to slow boiling, and the distillation speed is not more than 180 mg/h until the top temperature reaches 110 ℃. A mixture of 1400-1500ml of water and acetic acid was obtained. Change the receiver, slowly increase the heating, and continue distillation at the same speed until the top temperature rises to 140 ℃. Distillate 500-700ml, mainly acetic acid, is reserved for the next feeding. The residue is transferred into a flask with a fractionation column and an air condenser, and the fractions before 210 ℃ and 210-216 ℃ are collected respectively. The latter is acetamide, weighing 1150-1200g g. The former can also distill and recover some products. The total weight of the two is 1200-1250g, and the yield is 87%-90%. Acetamide is often refined by distillation and solvent recrystallization. Commonly used solvents are acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, chloroform, dioxane or a mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate. For example, 1kg of acetamide prepared by the above method is recrystallized with a mixed solvent of 1L benzene and 300ml of ethyl acetate to obtain a colorless needle-like pure product. Products obtained from industrial production have a purity of not less than 98% and a freezing point of not less than 76 ℃. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | low toxicity |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 7000 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 12900 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide gas |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, water |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 7, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | The information is provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | The information is provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 560°C |
| toxic substance data | The information is: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Provide (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:45:29
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Nature
| storage conditions | Store below 30°C. |
| solubility | H2O: 0.5 g/mL, Hazen ≤50 |
| acidity coefficient (pKa) | 0.63(at 25℃) |
| morphology | Crystals |
| color | White |
| Odor | Mousy odor |
| water solubility | 2000 g/L (20 °C) |
| Merck | 14,43 |
| JECFA Number | 1592 |
| BRN | 1071207 |
| stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases. Deliquescent. Triboluminescent. |
| InChIKey | DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| (IARC) Carcinogen Classification | 2B (Vol. 7, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | Acetamide(60-35-5) |
| EPA chemical information | Acetamide (60-35-5) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:16
ACETIC ACID AMIDE - Uses and synthesis methods
introduction
Acetamide is a colorless and transparent needle-like crystal with a mouse secretion-like smell. Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, pyridine and glycerin, slightly soluble in ether. Application
Acetamide in the presence of acid or base, azeotropic with water to produce ammonia and the corresponding acid. It can be used as a solvent for various inorganic compounds and organic compounds, as well as for making hygroscopic agents, wetting agents, etc. It is prepared by the action of acetyl, acetic anhydride or ethyl acetate and ammonia.
organic fluorine antidote
Acetamide is also known as Eflforth. It is an antidote for the poisoning of the pesticide dithiamine (fluoroacetamide), which has the effects of prolonging the incubation period of poisoning, reducing the symptoms of the disease and stopping the disease. The detoxification mechanism may be due to the fact that this product is similar in chemical structure to fluoroacetamide, and can competitively seize certain enzymes, such as amidase, so that it does not produce fluoroethylamine that interferes with the body's tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby eliminating fluoroacetamide Toxicity to the body. Animal experiments show that intramuscular injection of this product can increase the LD50 of fluoroacetamide in mice by 3 times. It is clinically used for organofluorine pesticide poisoning.
chemical properties
Colorless transparent needle crystal. With the smell of rat secretions. Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, pyridine and glycerin, slightly soluble in ether.
use
1. Mainly used as an organic solvent, it can also be used as a stabilizer for plasticizers and peroxides, as an antacid in the production of cosmetics, and also used to prepare sleeping pills, pesticides, etc.
2. Used as analytical reagent, solvent and plasticizer, also used in the synthesis of organic and dye
3. Acetamide has a high dielectric constant and is an excellent solvent for many organic and inorganic substances. It is widely used in various industries. It can be used as a solubilizer when some substances with low solubility in water are dissolved in water, such as solvents and solubilizers used as dyes in the fiber industry, and as solvents in the synthesis of chloramphenicol and other antibiotics. Acetamide is weakly alkaline and can be used as an antacid for varnishes, explosives and cosmetics. Acetamide is hygroscopic and can be used as a wetting agent for dyeing; it can also be used as a plasticizer for plastics. N-haloacetamide produced by chlorination or bromination of acetamide is a halogenating reagent for organic synthesis. Acetamide is also a raw material for making drugs and fungicides. Acetamide is an antidote to organofluorine insecticidal pesticide-fluoroacetamide poisoning. The mechanism of action is that the chemical structure of the product is similar to that of fluoroacetamide, which can compete with acetamidase, so that fluoroacetamide does not produce fluoroacetic acid, and eliminates the toxic effect of the latter on the tricarboxylic cycle to achieve the purpose of detoxification.
4. after melting, it is used as an excellent solvent for many inorganic and organic compounds. Organic synthesis. Add solvent. Stabilizer. Plasticizer. Alcohol denaturation.
production method
glacial acetic acid is introduced into ammonia to generate ammonium acetate, which is then pyrolyzed and dehydrated to obtain acetamide, which is crystallized and separated to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: acetic acid (99%)1700kg/t, liquid ammonia (99%)750kg/t. Laboratory synthesis can be operated according to the following steps. Put 3kg glacial acetic acid in a 5L flask and add ammonium carbonate equivalent to 400g ammonia. The flask is equipped with a high-efficiency fractionation column, condenser and receiver. The reaction mixture is heated to slow boiling, and the distillation speed is not more than 180 mg/h until the top temperature reaches 110 ℃. A mixture of 1400-1500ml water and acetic acid was obtained. Change the receiver, slowly increase the heating, and continue distillation at the same speed until the top temperature rises to 140°C. Distillate 500-700ml, mainly acetic acid, is reserved for the next feeding. The residue was transferred into a flask with a fractionation column and an air condenser, and the fractions before 210 ℃ and 210-216 ℃ were collected respectively. The latter is acetamide, weighing 1150-1200g g. The former can also distill and recover some products. The total weight of the two is 1200-1250g, and the yield is 87%-90%. Acetamide is often refined by distillation and solvent recrystallization. Commonly used solvents are acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, chloroform, dioxane or a mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate. For example, 1kg of acetamide prepared by the above method is recrystallized with a mixed solvent of 1L benzene and 300ml of ethyl acetate to obtain a colorless needle-like pure product. Products obtained from industrial production have a purity of not less than 98% and a freezing point of not less than 76 ℃.
category
flammable liquids
toxicity classification
low toxicity
acute toxicity
oral-rat LD50: 7000 mg/kg; oral-mouse LD50: 12900 mg/kg
flammability hazard characteristics
Flammable; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide gas
storage and transportation features
Warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying
fire extinguishing agent
Dry powder, foam, sand, water
Last Update：2024-04-09 18:58:34
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View History
Raw Materials for ACETIC ACID AMIDE
Downstream Products for ACETIC ACID AMIDE
Chorionic Gonadotropin
3-AMINO-PYRIDINE-4-CARBALDEHYDE
Triethyl orthoacetate
Thidiazuron
3-AMINO-ISONICOTINIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
3-Amino-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
2-FLUOROQUINOLINE-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID
4-HYDROXYMETHYL-PYRIDIN-3-OL
N-Acetylsulfanilyl chloride
Thioacetamide
3-Aminoisonicotinic acid
3-TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYLAMINO-ISONICOTINIC ACID
1,2,4,5-BENZENETETRACARBOXAMIDE
2,4-Dimethylthiazole
3-(9H-FLUOREN-9-YLMETHOXYCARBONYLAMINO)-ISONICOTINIC ACID
3-(2,2-DIMETHYL-PROPIONYLAMINO)-ISONICOTINIC ACID
4-CHLORO-2,6-DIMETHYL-NICOTINIC ACID
Dacarbazine
Cymoxanil
N-ACETYLHOMOPIPERAZINE
3,4-PYRIDINEDICARBOXIMIDE
4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide hydrochloride
3-AMINO-PYRIDINE-4-CARBALDEHYDE
Triethyl orthoacetate
Thidiazuron
3-AMINO-ISONICOTINIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
3-Amino-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
2-FLUOROQUINOLINE-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID
4-HYDROXYMETHYL-PYRIDIN-3-OL
N-Acetylsulfanilyl chloride
Thioacetamide
3-Aminoisonicotinic acid
3-TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYLAMINO-ISONICOTINIC ACID
1,2,4,5-BENZENETETRACARBOXAMIDE
2,4-Dimethylthiazole
3-(9H-FLUOREN-9-YLMETHOXYCARBONYLAMINO)-ISONICOTINIC ACID
3-(2,2-DIMETHYL-PROPIONYLAMINO)-ISONICOTINIC ACID
4-CHLORO-2,6-DIMETHYL-NICOTINIC ACID
Dacarbazine
Cymoxanil
N-ACETYLHOMOPIPERAZINE
3,4-PYRIDINEDICARBOXIMIDE
4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide hydrochloride