ACRYLALDEHYDE
Acrolein
CAS: 107-02-8
Molecular Formula: C3H4O
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Acrolein |
| Synonyms | ACROLEIN Acrolein ACRALDEHYDE prop-2-enal 2-Propenal ALLYLALDEHYDE ACRYLALDEHYDE Acrylaldehyde 2-Propen-1-one ACROLEIN MONOMER ACRYLIC ALDEHYDE Acrylic aldehyde Acrolein (2-Propenal) |
| CAS | 107-02-8 |
| EINECS | 203-453-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1H2 |
| InChIKey | HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H4O |
| Molar Mass | 56.06 |
| Density | 0.839g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −87°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 53°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | −2°F |
| Water Solubility | Soluble. 21.25 g/100 mL |
| Solubility | H2O: soluble2 to 3 parts |
| Vapor Presure | 4.05 psi ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 1.94 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Colourless to Pale Yellow |
| Odor | Pungent, lacrimatory, intensely irritating odor detectable at 0.02 to 0.4 ppm |
| Exposure Limit | NIOSH REL: TWA 0.1 ppm, STEL 0.3 ppm, IDLH 2 ppm; OSHAPEL: TWA 0.1 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.1 ppm, STEL 0.3 ppm. |
| Merck | 14,128 |
| BRN | 741856 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable, but very readily polymerizes. May have ca. 0.1% hydroquinone added as stabilizer. Flammable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, oxygen, a variety of other chemicals, light. |
| Sensitive | Air & Light Sensitive |
| Explosive Limit | 31% |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.403(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless transparent flammable volatile unstable liquid, with strong irritation, its vapor has a strong tear. Soluble in 2~3 times of water, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone. |
| Use | As one of the important raw materials of synthetic resin industry, it is also widely used in organic synthesis and drug synthesis. |
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R24/25 - R26 - Very Toxic by inhalation R34 - Causes burns R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms R26/28 - Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R24 - Toxic in contact with skin |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. |
| UN IDs | UN 1092 6.1/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | AS1050000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-9 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29121900 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | I |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.046 g/kg (Smyth) |
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
at room temperature for colorless or light yellow, volatile transparent liquid, with strong irritation, the vapor has a strong tear. Soluble in 2~3 water. With most organic solvents plus paraffin hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-octane, n-pentane), toluene, xylene, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acrylic acid, ethyl acetate completely miscible. Unstable, the steam and air form an explosive mixture, in case of open flame, high heat is easy to burn and explosion, in case of high heat easy to merge and release a large amount of heat.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
acrolein was synthesized by gas-phase catalytic condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde under the action of catalyst. Alternatively, propylene can be oxidized to acrolein by air in the presence of a catalyst, with acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acrylic acid and carbon dioxide as by-products.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:42
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
bactericide. It is used as a bactericide in oil field water injection and industrial circulating cooling water treatment. It is not used as a slime inhibitor in the paper industry. In the oilfield reinjection water treatment dosage is generally 10~15mg/L. In the neutral to slightly alkaline circulating water system is usually used in 0.2~1mg/L.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:43
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50: 46mg/kg. Very irritating liquid, direct contact with it will damage the eyes and respiratory tract, is a kind of tear gas, such as inhalation caused by gastrointestinal discomfort, pulmonary congestion and edema. The upper limit of explosion is 31% (volume fraction) and the lower limit is 2.8% (volume fraction). Keep it in the dark and keep it in a cool place, away from organic salts, strong bases and amines. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Packaging is required to be sealed and not to be in contact with air.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:43
ACRYLALDEHYDE - Reference Information
| olfactory threshold (Odor Threshold) | 0.0036ppm |
| Henry's Law Constant | (x 10-6 atm?m3/mol at 25 °C):135 (Snider and Dawson, 1985) |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 63, Sup 7) 1995 |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Aldehydes | Acrolein is an irritating aldehyde compound. It is a colorless to yellowish transparent liquid at room temperature and has a spicy smell similar to grease, soluble in water, ethanol, ether, paraffin hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-octane, cyclopentane), toluene, xylene, chloroform, methanol, ethylene diether, acetaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, acrylic acid and ethyl acetate. Acrolein is easily polymerized to synthesize dipolyacrylaldehyde, which becomes a translucent solid under light irradiation, and acrylic acid is formed during oxidation. 0.2% hydroquinone can be added as stabilizer during storage. Used in the manufacture of resins, medicines, glycerin, methionine (auxiliary feed), etc. It is a more common pollutant in the environment. Acute exposure damages the respiratory tract, eyes and skin, and causes edema of the lungs and trachea. It can also lead to abnormal fat metabolism in the human body, resulting in a large amount of fat accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue. Subchronic and chronic exposure has caused cytoplasmic hyperplasia in trachea and nasal cavity of monkeys, dogs and other experimental animals, but no carcinogenic phenomenon has been found. The concentrations of acute and chronic poisoning in freshwater were 68 μg/L and 21 μg/L, respectively. The intolerable concentration is 10 mg/m 3. The French army used to make chemical grenades in the First World War. Acrolein, nicotine and carbon monoxide are the three harmful components in cigarettes, which can cause cell gene mutations and reduce the ability of cells to repair damage. They are the main factors that damage the retina. In cigarettes, the content of acrolein is 10,000 times higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As one of the tar components, acrolein is thousands of times more toxic than formaldehyde, and the boiling point is only about 50 degrees Celsius. It vaporizes immediately and invades retinal pigment epithelial cells, causing oxidative damage and preventing the "energy factory" mitochondria in the cell from producing energy. This kind of epithelial cells are responsible for the metabolism of various nutrients and wastes on the retina. If they "strike", many eye cells will surely die. The "Guidelines for the Evaluation of Air Quality in Passenger Cars" clearly stipulates the 8 common in-car volatile organic compounds related to benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein in the air. The limit of the concentration. Among them, benzene ≤ 0.11mg/m3, toluene ≤ 1.10mg/m3, xylene ≤ 1.50mg/m3, ethylbenzene ≤ 1.50mg/m3, styrene ≤ 0.26mg/m3, formaldehyde ≤ 0.10mg/m3, acetaldehyde ≤ 0.05mg/m3, acrolein ≤ 0.055mg/m3. These standards apply not only to new cars, but also to cars in use. |
| use | mainly used to make methionine and other acrolein derivatives used as oil field water injection fungicide abroad to inhibit the growth of bacteria in water and prevent bacteria from causing corrosion and blockage in the formation. It is used abroad as a fungicide for oil field injection water to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the injection water and prevent bacteria from causing corrosion and blockage in the formation. Acrolein is an important organic synthesis intermediate and can be used to make methionine (feed additive). Allyl alcohol produced by reduction of acrolein is used as a raw material for the production of glycerin; acrylic acid is produced by oxidation, which can be further used in acrylate coatings. The dimer of acrolein can be used to make dialdehyde compounds and is widely used as papermaking, tanning and textile auxiliaries. Acrolein is the raw material of glutaraldehyde, 1,2, 6-hexanediol and crosslinking agent. It is also used in the manufacture of colloidal osmium, ruthenium and rhodium. Acrolein reacts with bromine to obtain 2, 3-dibromopropionaldehyde. 2.3-dibromopropionaldehyde is a pharmaceutical intermediate used to produce anti-tumor drugs such as methotrexate. It is used as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis and also used in organic synthesis. It is one of the important raw materials in the synthetic resin industry, and it is also widely used in organic synthesis and drug synthesis. This product can be used to make methionine (feed additive); allyl alcohol produced by reduction is used as a raw material for the production of glycerol; acrylic acid is formed by oxidation, which can be further made into acrylate and used in acrylic coatings; acrolein It is a raw material for the production of glutaraldehyde, 1,2, 6-hexanediol and crosslinking agents; it is also used in the production of colloidal osmium, ruthenium, and rhodium; acrolein and bromine can be used to obtain 2, 3-Dibromopropionaldehyde is used to produce anti-tumor drugs such as methotrexate; acrolein is a very important intermediate for the production of biological pesticide imidacloprid |
| production method | 1. propylene catalytic air oxidation method directly oxidizes propylene with air in the presence of bismuth molybdate and bismuth phosphomolybdate catalyst under the conditions of reaction temperature 310-470 ℃ and normal pressure, removes by-product acid from the generated reaction product, and then distilled to obtain the finished product. 2. Glycerol dehydration method is prepared by co-heating glycerol with potassium bisulfate or potassium sulfate, boric acid and aluminum trichloride at a temperature of 215-235 ℃. 3. Formaldehyde-acetaldehyde method is prepared by gas phase condensation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde under the catalysis of silica gel impregnated with sodium silicate. the laboratory preparation method co-heats glycerol with potassium bisulfate or magnesium sulfate, boric acid and aluminum trioxide at 215~235 ℃, evaporates the acrolein gas generated by the reaction and collects it through condensation to obtain crude product. Add 10% sodium hydrogen phosphate solution to the crude product to adjust the pH value to 6, carry out fractionation, and collect fractions at 50~75 ℃ to obtain acrolein. Feeding ratio (mol): glycerol: potassium bisulfate: potassium sulfate = 1: 0.5: 0.026. At present, propylene catalytic air oxidation is mainly used in industry. Propylene, air and water vapor are mixed in a certain proportion and sent to a fixed bed reactor together with the catalyst, and the reaction is carried out at 0.1~0.2 MPa and 350~450 ℃. The contact time is 0.8 s, and the heat released by the reaction is recovered for steam production. The gas mixture generated by the reaction is quenched with water, and the exhaust gas from the quench tower is washed before emptying. The organic liquid from the bottom of the quench tower enters the stripping tower, and the steam proposes acrolein and other light components, and then uses distillation to remove water and acetaldehyde from the crude acrolein. Reaction formula: feed ratio (mol) propylene: air: water vapor = 1: 10: 2. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 46 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 40 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eyes-rabbit 1 mg severe; Skin-rabbit 5 mg severe |
| explosive hazard characteristics | blastable when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, oxidants are flammable, combustion produces stimulating smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Store separately from oxidants and acids; Long-term deterioration |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent |
| occupational standard | TWA 0.25 mg/m3; STEL 0.75 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 234°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentration | 2 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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View History
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