ALMINUMHYDRIDE
Aluminium hydride
CAS: 7784-21-6
Molecular Formula: AlH3
ALMINUMHYDRIDE - Names and Identifiers
ALMINUMHYDRIDE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | AlH3 |
| Molar Mass | 30.005358 |
| Density | 1.45 |
| Melting Point | decomposes at 160℃ [HAW93] |
| Water Solubility | evolves H2 in H2O [HAW93] |
| Appearance | colorless hexagonal crystals |
ALMINUMHYDRIDE - Risk and Safety
| UN IDs | 2463 |
| Hazard Class | 4.3 |
| Packing Group | I |
ALMINUMHYDRIDE - References
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Production method | 1. Purification of raw materials: All the following operations must be carried out in a drying oven filled with nitrogen or argon. Do not contain water vapor, and the oxygen content does not exceed 3~4mL/m 3. Moreover, substances that can react with reactants and products must be removed from the system. When there are a small amount of impurities, the generated aluminum hydride may be decomposed. All reagents must be anhydrous. Commercially available ether, lithium aluminum hydride, aluminum trichloride, etc. must be further purified. The glassware used should be washed with concentrated nitric acid or hydrofluoric acid, then washed with distilled water several times and dried at 110~120 ℃. Lithium aluminum hydride is added to ether, distilled in nitrogen or vacuum, and dried and purified through a column (40cm) equipped with molecular sieve. Because ether is very volatile, these operations should be carried out in a fume hood. Lithium aluminum hydride is dissolved in ether, filtered and distilled under reduced pressure to extract the solvent for concentration and recrystallization. Aluminum trichloride can be purified by sublimation (110~120 ℃) under high vacuum. It takes 24 hours to sublimate 50g aluminum trichloride at this temperature, and its vapor is treated by an adsorption column equipped with activated carbon (50~200 mesh) with a length of 1~2cm, which can be purer. The main reaction 3LiAlH 4 + AlCl 3 → 4AlH 3 + 3LiCl is put into a 500mL round bottom flask in a drying oven, 32.3g aluminum trichloride (0.242mol) and an electromagnetic stirring rod are put into a 500mL round bottom flask, the flask is taken out of the drying oven after being stuffed, a dropping funnel containing diethyl ether is quickly installed under low nitrogen pressure (25~50mmHg,1mmHg = 133.322Pa), and the above 500mL flask is placed in a dry ice dichloromethane, the distilled purified 300mL ether was slowly added to the flask from the drip funnel. Remove the flask from the dry ice bath after the ether has cooled. If the aluminum trichloride undergoes an exothermic solvation reaction and the ether boils, the flask should be cooled again. After dissolving aluminum trichloride, heat the solution to room temperature, tightly plug it into a drying oven. Another 28.2g of pure lithium aluminum hydride (0.743mol) was put into a flask with a volume of 1.5L and dissolved with 750mL of distilled ether. Then blow dry nitrogen to the surface of the ether solution of LiAlH 4 and AlCl 3 respectively to cool it to -5°C. In order to maintain a certain solvent volume, ether must be added frequently. The AlCl 3 solution was added to the cold LiAlH 4 solution under stirring. After adding, the reaction mixture is applied with nitrogen at a pressure of 19.7 ~ 34.2kPa and filtered into a 1.5L flask through a glass filter. The flask is pre-loaded with 10g NaBH 4 (the NaBH 4 should be dried in a vacuum at 60°C for 8h and crushed to below 1 μm for the best results) and an electromagnetic stirring rod. Stir the filtrate and remove unreacted AlCl 3 from the ether solution of AlH 3 using NaBH 4. LiBlH 4 stays in the solution, and sodium chloride precipitates out. After blowing dry nitrogen into the filtrate and stirring for 3~4min, filter into another 1.5L flask. In this way, excess NaBH 4 and precipitated sodium chloride can be removed. Blow dry nitrogen into the filtrate, concentrate to 600mL, and then heat to room temperature. After 6~8h, the ether adduct of aluminum hydride precipitates out. After filtering the product, wash twice with 100mL of anhydrous ether and dry for 10~12h under high vacuum; the yield is about 30g(58%). |
| category | articles burning in contact with water |
| explosive hazard characteristics | hydrogen explodes when it decomposes when water or moisture |
| flammability hazard characteristics | near oxygen, heat source and flame decomposition hydrogen are flammable; Contact with oxidant is flammable |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide |
| occupational standard | TWA 2 mg (aluminum)/m3 |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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