Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous
Aluminum fluoride
CAS: 7784-18-1
Molecular Formula: AlF3
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Aluminum fluoride |
| Synonyms | fluoridhlinity Aluminum fluoride ALUMINUM FLUORIDE Aluminiumfluoride1 Aluminium fluoride ALUMINIUM FLUORIDE Aluminum trifluoride ALUMINIUM FLUORIDE H Aluminiumfluoridetech ALUMINIUM TRIFLUORIDE ALUMINUM(III) FLUORIDE Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous Aluminum fluoride monohydrate |
| CAS | 7784-18-1 |
| EINECS | 232-051-1 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Al.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 |
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | AlF3 |
| Molar Mass | 83.98 |
| Density | 3.1 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 1290 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 1291 °C |
| Flash Point | 1250°C |
| Water Solubility | SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in acids and alkalies. Insoluble in Acetone. |
| Appearance | powder |
| Specific Gravity | 2.882 |
| Color | White to light gray |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2.5 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 250 mg/m3; TWA 2 mg/m3; TWA 2.5 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,339 |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character White triclinic crystal or powder. The relative density is 2.882(25 ℃) The solubility is difficult to dissolve in water, acid and alkali solution, insoluble in most organic solvents, and insoluble in hydrofluoric acid and liquefied hydrogen fluoride. |
| Use | Used as a flux for non-ferrous metals, used in ceramic, enamel, aluminum and other industries |
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection |
| UN IDs | 3260 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | BD0725000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28261210 |
| Hazard Note | Highly Toxic/Irritant |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sodium carbonate Fluorosilicic acid Hydrofluoric Acid Sulfuric acid Hydrofluoric Acid Aluminum hydroxide Calcium fluoride |
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white sand powder. The chemical properties of anhydrous aluminum fluoride are very stable, and the sublimation temperature is 1272 under the pressure. Soluble in water, 25 ° C solubility of 0. 559G/lOOmL. 300~400 deg C superheated steam can make aluminum fluoride hydrolysis. The reaction with the alkali metal can occur vigorously.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The hydrofluoric acid reacts with aluminum hydroxide at a high temperature to obtain aluminum fluoride trihydrate, which is then calcined and dehydrated to obtain anhydrous aluminum fluoride. Alternatively, each aluminum fluoride may be prepared from fluorite, sulfuric acid, and aluminum hydroxide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:33
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Use
Open Data Verified Data
It is mainly used as a flux for aluminum electrolysis, ceramic glazing, catalyst and flux for non-ferrous metal smelting.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:34
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
hydrogen fluoride hydrolysate is irritating, can cause eyes, respiratory tract mucosa irritation symptoms, severe cases can occur bronchitis, Pneumonia, and even produce reflex asphyxia. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. The packaging is sealed. Should be stored separately with acids, edible chemicals, avoid mixed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:34
Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous - Reference Information
| sublimation point | 1250°C |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | aluminum fluoride is a colorless crystalline powder or a white crystalline powder, soluble in water and hydrofluoric acid, insoluble in other solvents, even with concentrated sulfuric acid heated to smoke, still does not react. The anhydrate is very stable and does not decompose upon heating until sublimation. It is mainly used as a regulator and flux in the process of aluminum electrolysis. As a regulator, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved, and aluminum fluoride can be supplemented according to the analysis results to adjust the composition of the electrolyte and maintain the specified electrolyte molecular ratio; As a flux, the melting point of alumina can be reduced to facilitate the electrolysis of alumina, control the heat balance of the electrolysis process, and reduce the energy consumption of the electrolysis process. In addition, it can also be used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds and organic fluorine compounds, ceramic and enamel flux and glaze composition, Lens, prism refractive index improvement agent, for the production of infrared spectrum "light loss" small fluorinated glass, can also be used in the alcohol production process as an inhibitor. |
| preparation method | 1. The wet method uses acid grade fluorescent powder, concentrated sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide as raw materials, and first absorbs the hydrogen fluoride gas generated by the reaction of acid grade fluorescent powder and concentrated sulfuric acid with water to obtain water and hydrofluoric acid with a content of 30%, the liquid-solid mixed phase reaction is then carried out with aluminum hydroxide to obtain a supersaturated aluminum fluoride solution, which is subjected to crystallization, filtration, and high-temperature calcination dehydration to finally obtain an aluminum fluoride product. The chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF + 3HF + Al(OH)3 → AlF3 · 3 H2OAlF3 · 3H2O → AlF3 + 3H2O in the process of preparing 30% hydrofluoric acid, impurities in hydrogen fluoride gas are also inhaled into the solution, the hydrofluoric acid contains more sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, fluosilicic acid, sulfurous acid and other impurities. These impurities may cause side reactions with aluminum hydroxide. The resulting product is mixed in the aluminum fluoride crystals by adsorption or crystallization, which greatly affects the quality of the final product. At the same time, since the crystal water is removed from the crystal during the later calcination and dehydration treatment, the crystal lattice is broken and the particle size is reduced, so that the bulk density of aluminum fluoride is low (0.7g/cm3), the final water content of the product was also higher (≥ 3%). 2. The dry process, like the wet process, also uses acid grade fluorescent powder, concentrated sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide as raw materials. The difference is that the hydrogen fluoride gas generated in the first step of the process flow is subjected to a gas phase purification system, the contained dust and sulfuric acid were removed, and then mixed with dry aluminum hydroxide (water content 12%) and fed to a double-layer fluidized bed to complete the two-step reaction of roasting dehydration and fluorination, and finally an aluminum fluoride product was obtained. The chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF + 3HF + Al(OH)3 → AlF3 + 3H2O the process belongs to the second generation of aluminum fluoride production technology. After simple dust removal and acid removal, hydrogen fluoride gas (90%) is used to react with aluminum hydroxide, The hydrogen fluoride gas impurity content is lower than that of the wet aluminum fluoride process. Moreover, in the dry aluminum fluoride reaction fluidized bed reactor, due to the high reaction temperature and the fast flow rate of the gas phase reactant, the gaseous impurities and water generate sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid and the like do not have sufficient time for a side reaction with aluminum hydroxide, and therefore the content of impurities in the final aluminum fluoride product is lower than that of wet aluminum fluoride. This method is the most widely used and the most mature technology in the production of aluminum fluoride in China. However, this process has the following disadvantages:(1) the discharge of sewage is relatively large, and the hydrofluoric acid and fluorosilicic acid contained in the sewage can not be comprehensively utilized, and can only be discharged into the sewage treatment station, the total treatment cost is high;(2) there are still some problems in the technical design, such as the complexity or unreasonable design of some processes and equipment, as a result, the operation and maintenance costs of the equipment in the actual production process are higher. 3. Anhydrous method the anhydrous preparation process of aluminum fluoride can be divided into two parts, namely, the preparation of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and the fluorination of aluminum hydroxide. As with the wet aluminum fluoride and dry aluminum fluoride processes, the process is also based on acid grade fluorescent powder, concentrated sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide as raw materials. Different from the previous two methods, the crude hydrogen fluoride gas generated from the first two reaction materials in this process is subjected to a refining step of condensing and distilling into liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with a purity of more than 99.9%. The reaction process of high purity hydrogen fluoride with aluminum hydroxide (water content 6%) in the circulating fluidized bed has almost no side reaction, which greatly reduces the impurity content of the final aluminum fluoride product. At the same time, due to the low water content of the aluminum hydroxide raw material itself, no additional calcination and dehydration process is needed before feeding, which reduces the possibility of Crystal fracture, it also makes the final product have the advantages of high bulk density (1.6g/cm3), low water content and so on. The chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF ↑,3HF + Al(OH)3 → AlF3 + 3H2O. This process is the third generation of preparation technology independently developed by domestic fluorine chemical enterprises in the early 21th century. Compared with the wet aluminum fluoride and dry aluminum fluoride process, it has the most excellent final product quality, which is the most advanced aluminum fluoride production technology in China. 4. Fluosilicic acid method fluosilicic acid method is also known as the phosphorus fertilizer by-product method. The method uses the fluorine-containing waste gas, silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride, produced by the phosphate fertilizer production enterprise to prepare the fluosilicic acid solution after the second cycle absorption (Containing H2SiF6 15%, P2O5<0.25g/L), mixed with aluminum hydroxide slurry (Al2O3 dry basis ≥ 64%), and filtered the resulting Aluminum fluoride solution to remove silica gel precipitate, the aluminum fluoride filter cake was prepared by crystallization and centrifugal separation, and finally the final product was prepared by drying, calcination and dehydration. The chemical reaction equation is as follows: H2SiF6 +2Al(OH)3 → 2AlF3+2SiO2+4H2O,AlF3 · 3H2O → AlF3 + 3H2O. Although the above process is advanced, but the shortage is: (1) the process conditions are demanding, slightly not pay attention to the defective products; (2) large investment, such as Wengfu 14 kt/a Aluminum fluoride plant investment of 0.17 billion yuan; ③ Silicon element is not utilized, and SiO2 is discharged as slag; ④ The w(H2SiF6) of fluorosilicic acid is required to be greater than 18%, and low concentration fluorosilicic acid is not applicable. On this basis, a new process was developed: fluosilicic acid was reacted with ammonium bicarbonate to form ammonium fluoride solution and silica precipitate, which were separated, and then the filter cake was washed and dried to obtain white carbon black; the soluble α-AlF3 · 3H2O and ammonium chloride solution were obtained by the reaction of ammonium fluoride solution with aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Under suitable process conditions, the soluble α-AlF3 · 3H2O was converted into insoluble β-AlF3 · 3H2O, calcined aluminum fluoride product; After the separation of the solution after evaporation, crystallization, drying to ammonium chloride by-products. The chemical reaction formula is as follows: H2SiF6 +6NH4HCO3 → 6NH4F + SiO2 ↓ +6CO2 ++ 4H2OH2SiF6+2NH4HCO3 →(NH4)2SiF6+2CO2 ++ 2H2O(NH4)2SiF6+4NH4HCO3 → 6NH4F + SiO2 ↓ +4CO2 ++ 2H2O3NH4F + AlCl3 · 6H2O → α-AlF3 · 3H2O + 3NH4Cl +3H2Oα-AlF3 · 3H2O → β-AlF3 · 3H2O5. Direct thermal decomposition of ammonium ice slag (1) the ammonium ice slag after the treatment of removing impurities is directly thermally decomposed to prepare aluminum fluoride and recover ammonium fluoride. The process flow is as follows: Chemical reaction formula: SiO2 + 6HF → H2SiF6 +2H2OFe2O3 + 6HCl → 2FeCl3+3H2O(NH4)3AlF6 → AlF3 + 3NH4F the specific operation steps are: crushing ammonium ice slag evenly, add the appropriate amount of HF-HCl of the mixture, at room temperature ~ 80 deg C stirring 60~90min, the silicon and iron impurities and HF,HCl reaction to form soluble matter and insoluble ammonium ice slag separation, then filter and wash with clean water, the filter residue is baked at 120 ℃ for 1H, taken out to form powder, placed in a high temperature furnace, and heated at 500~800 ℃ for 40~60min, take out the cooling to produce aluminum fluoride, Ammonium fluoride, a by-product, can also be recovered during thermal decomposition. (2) Ammonium ice slag and aluminum hydroxide mixed thermal decomposition method the process flow of this method is as follows: Chemical reaction formula:(NH4)3AlF6 + Al(OH)3 → 2AlF3+3NH3+3H2O(NH4)3AlF6 → AlF3 + 3nh4f Nh3 + 2HF → NH4HF2NH4F + HF → NH4HF2 specific operation steps: the ammonium ice slag after impurity removal, or directly with ammonium fluoroaluminate (mass fraction ≥ 98%) Ammonium ice slag, after grinding, according to a certain ratio and aluminum hydroxide mixed evenly into the high temperature rotary kiln, at the appropriate temperature decomposition of 60~90min, cooling aluminum fluoride, ammonia and ammonium fluoride generated in the thermal decomposition process can be absorbed by hydrofluoric acid, and then concentrated and crystallized to recover ammonium fluoride as a by-product. (3) wet process ammonium ice slag reacts with aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid according to the stoichiometric ratio, drying and dehydration to obtain aluminum fluoride products. The process flow is as follows: Chemical reaction formula:(NH4)3AlF6 + Al (OH)3 · H2O +3H2SO4 → 2 AlF3 · 4H2O +3NH4HSO4 + 2H2O specific operation steps: mix ammonium ice slag with sulfuric acid for pulping, and screen through 60 mesh for refined pulping, aluminum hydroxide slurry was used as the primer, and the wet discontinuous synthesis method was used to inject the refining and pulping. During the reaction, the temperature was controlled at 80~95 ℃, and the acidity was 0.5~1g/l, the final acidity of the reaction was adjusted to pH = 2~4 with aluminum hydroxide, and the pH value did not change within 5min. The addition was stopped, stirring was continued for 1-20min, followed by filtration, washing, and drying of the ointment at 300-400 °c to obtain anhydrous aluminum fluoride. |
| Application | 1. Mainly used as regulator and flux in aluminum electrolysis process. As a regulator, aluminum fluoride can improve the conductivity of the electrolyte, and aluminum fluoride can be supplemented according to the analysis results to adjust the composition of the electrolyte and maintain the specified electrolyte molecule ratio; As a flux, aluminum fluoride can reduce the melting point of aluminum oxide, which is beneficial to the electrolysis of aluminum oxide, control the heat balance of the electrolysis process, and reduce the energy consumption of the electrolysis process. 2. It is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds and organic fluorine compounds, a component of ceramic and enamel flux and glaze, a lens, a refractive index improver of Prism, and a fluorinated glass with small "light loss" in infrared spectrum. 3. Can be used as an inhibitor in the alcohol production process. as a flux for non-ferrous metals, can be used to prepare other aluminum fluoride in the production of aluminum as electrolytic bath components, to lower the melting point and improve the conductivity of the electrolyte. Also used in the production of alcohol as a fermentation inhibitor. Used as flux for the outer layer of glaze and enamel of ceramic ware, flux for non-ferrous metals. Used in welding fluids in metal welding. For the fabrication of optical lenses. It is also used as a catalyst for organic synthesis and a raw material for the synthesis of cryolite. used as a flux for non-ferrous metals, used in ceramic, enamel, aluminum and other industries widely used in the preparation of doped fluorinated glass and mixed metal fluoride catalysts for the synthesis of HFC-134a. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 0.56g/0 ℃;0.56g/10 ℃;0.67g/20 ℃;0.78g/30 ℃;0.91g/40 ℃; 1.1g/60 ℃;1.32g/80 ℃;1.72g/100 ℃ |
| toxicity | This product is toxic. Wash with water when touching the skin. Flush with warm water when invading into the eye. Ingestion poisoning with 2% calcium chloride gastric lavage, intravenous injection of calcium gluconate. During operation, wear work clothes, protective masks and latex gloves to prevent inhalation of aluminum fluoride dust. Production equipment should be closed and the workshop should be well ventilated. |
| production method | fluosilicic acid method 18% fluosilicic acid solution from phosphate fertilizer plant was heated to about 78 ℃, then it is added into the reactor to react with aluminum hydroxide at 100 ℃ to produce aluminum fluoride solution, and the hydrated silicic acid is removed by centrifugal separation. The filtrate enters the crystallizer and is kept at 90 ℃ for 3~5h to obtain aluminum fluoride trihydrate (AIF3 · 3H2O). Crystallization. After centrifugal separation, the aluminum trifluoride crystals (water content 5%) were dehydrated by two fluidized bed furnaces successively. The temperature of the first fluidized bed furnace was controlled at about 205 ℃, and most of the water was removed first, the total water content (including water of crystallization) of the aluminum trifluoride was reduced from about 45% to about 6%, and then the remaining water was removed in a second fluidized bed furnace controlled at a temperature of 590 to 600 °c. After dehydration, the material is cooled to obtain anhydrous aluminum fluoride product. The H2SiF6 +2AI(OH)3 → 2A1F3 + SiO2 +4 H2OAlF3 · 3H2O [Δ] → AlF3 + 3H2O aluminum hydroxide method aluminum hydroxide reacts with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid to produce aluminum fluoride trihydrate. Aluminum fluoride trihydrate is then crystallized, filtered, and dried (cauterized) for dehydration to produce an anhydrous aluminum fluoride product. AI(OH)3 + 3HF → AIF3 · 3 H2OAlF3 · 3H2O [Δ] → A1F3 + 3H2O |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-mouse LD50: 103 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 500 mg/24 h mild |
| flammability hazard characteristics | non-combustible; Toxic hydrogen fluoride gas emitted in case of acid; toxic fluoride and alumina fumes from heat |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from acids and food additives |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, foam, sand, carbon dioxide |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 2 mg (aluminum)/m3; Tel 5 mg (fluoride)/M3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for Aluminiumfluorideanhydrous