BET
Betaine
CAS: 107-43-7
Molecular Formula: C5H11NO2
BET - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Betaine |
| Synonyms | BET Betaine BETAINE OXYNEURINE TRIMETHYLGLYCINE Betaine anhydrous TRIMETHYLGLYCOCOLL (trimethylammonio)acetate N-TRIMETHYLGLYCINE HYDROXIDE carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium (CARBOXYMETHYL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE ANHYDRIDE (CARBOXYMETHYL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INNER SALT |
| CAS | 107-43-7 |
| EINECS | 203-490-6 |
| InChI | InChI:1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3 |
| InChIKey | KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
BET - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H11NO2 |
| Molar Mass | 117.15 |
| Density | 1.00g/mLat 20°C |
| Melting Point | 310 °C (dec.) |
| Boling Point | 218.95°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | -13.1°(c=1.75，acetone) |
| Water Solubility | 160 g/100 mL |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and alcohol. Solubility (grams per 100g of solvent to dissolve the product): water 160, methanol 55, ethanol 8.7. Slightly soluble in ether. |
| Vapor Presure | 0.05Pa at 25℃ |
| Appearance | Colorless columnar crystal |
| Color | colorless |
| Merck | 14,1179 |
| BRN | 3537113 |
| pKa | 1.83(at 0℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | 1.4206 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00012123 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | appearance White fluidity crystal powder |
| Use | Feed grade anhydrous Betaine can be used as a feed additive, is a natural and efficient methyl donor, can partially replace methionine and choline chloride, reduce feed costs, reduce pig backfat, improve lean meat percentage and carcass quality. Adding in chicken feed can improve the carcass quality and breast muscle mass of broilers. To improve the palatability and utilization of the bait. Increasing feed intake and increasing daily gain are the main food inducing ingredients of aquatic food. To improve the feed intake rate of piglets and promote their growth. Another important function of it is to improve the osmotic pressure regulator in various stress conditions such as: cold, heat, disease, weaning and other life environment changes when improving the gastrointestinal pressure to improve seedlings, especially young shrimp, survival rate of fish seedlings. Anhydrous Betaine has a protective effect on the stability of VA and VB, and improves the use effect. Does not have the irritation of betaine hydrochloride, is sweet |
BET - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | DS5900000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29239000 |
BET - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Minghe Yang Taixin Du Yanhua. Analysis of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Betaine Contents in Lycium barbarum at Different Harvest Time [J]. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao 2014 25(04):945-946. 2. Dong Wenke, Ma Xiang, Zhou Xuewen, et al. Effects of Exogenous Betaine on Physiological Characteristics of Alfalfa Seedlings under Low Temperature Stress [J]. Journal of Grassland, 2019, 027(001):130-140. 3. Lu Xuping, Dong Wenke, Zhang Ran, etc. Effects of Exogenous Betaine on Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Alfalfa Seedlings under Cadmium Stress. 4. Guan Yuting, Liu Dong, Chang Jiang, et al. Establishment and Preliminary Application of Visual Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection Method for Salmonella [J]. Food Science and Technology, 2019, v.44;No.337(11):364-368. 5. Zhuang Hongyan, Jiang Zhenbang, Pan Guangwen, determination of betaine content in medlar and jujube by ion chromatography [J]. Chinese journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2017(09):401-403 6. yang yiqing, Li huiqin, Xu xiaojing, Shen zhiqin, sha ou, Li yingcheng. Determination of Betaine by Non-inhibitory Ion Chromatography [J]. Fine Petrochemical, 2013,30(04):79-82. 7. Zhang Xifeng, Wang Xinxin, Zhang Qingting, Luo Guanghong. Temperature-sensitive eutectic solvent aqueous two-phase extraction separation of peony seed meal polysaccharides for oil [J]. China grease, 2020,45(12):93-99. 8. Zhou, Jing, et al. "a strategy for rapid discovery of traceable chemical markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 data processing toolbox: a case of Jing Liqueur." Chinese Herbal Medicines (2021). 9. Zhao, Dandan, et al. "Effect of sodium carbonate solution pretreatment on drying kinetics, antioxidant capacity changes, and final quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) during drying." Lwt 99 (2019): 254-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt. 2018.09.066 10. [IF=13.273] Congfei Yao et al."Efficient separation of phenol from model oils using environmentally benign quaternary ammonium-based zwitterions via forming deep eutectic solvents."Chem Eng J. 2017 Oct;326:620 11. [IF=4.952] Dandan Zhao et al."Effect of sodium carbonate solution pretreatment on drying kinetics, antioxidant capacity changes, and final quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) during drying."Lwt Food Sci Technol. 2019 Jan;99:254 12. [IF=2.775] Congfei Yao et al."Ternary phase behavior of phenol toluene zwitterionic alkaloids for separating phenols from oil mixtures via forming deep eutectic solvents."Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2017 Sep;448:116 13. [IF=9.642] Shan Huang et al."Identification and quantitative chemical analysis of betaines in different organic wastes and their bioconversion composts."Bioresource Technol. 2021 May;328:124857 14. [IF=7.514] Yayuan Tang et al."Comprehensive evaluation on tailor-made deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in extracting tea saponins from seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel."Food Chem. 2021 Apr;342:128243 15. [IF=5.64] Wang Tuhong et al."Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for the Rapid Detection of Phytopythium vexans."Front Microbiol. 2021 Sep;0:2488 16. [IF=4.556] Dandan Zhao et al."Physico-chemical properties and free amino acids profiles of six wolfberry cultivars in Zhongning."J Food Compos Anal. 2020 May;88:103460 17. [IF=4.466] Yao Tan et al."Multiomics Integrative Analysis for Discovering the Potential Mechanism of Dioscin against Hyperuricemia Mice."J Proteome Res. 2021;20(1):645-660 18. [IF=4.411] Mingshuai He et al."Determination of Trimethylamine N-oxide and Betaine in Serum and Food by Targeted Metabonomics."Molecules. 2021 Jan;26(5):1334 19. [IF=4.142] Wang Chenxi et al."Systematic quality evaluation of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and adjusted parallel reaction monitoring of quality markers."Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Nov;4 20. [IF=3.512] Cui Hao et al."Extraction of Flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix using Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities."Acs Omega. 2020;5(36):23140-23147 21. [IF=3] Qu Lala et al."Phenotypic assessment and ligand screening of ETA/ETB receptors with label-free dynamic mass redistribution assay."N-S Arch Pharmacol. 2020 Jun;393(6):937-950 22. [IF=2.494] Xi feng Zhang et al."A green and highly efficient method of extracting polyphenols from Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb using deep eutectic solvents."Chemical Engineering Communications. 2021 Jan 04 23. [IF=2.354] Mi Jia et al."The effects of ecological factors on the chemical compounds in Lycium barbarum L.."Acta Physiol Plant. 2020 May;42(5):1-13 24. [IF=2.419] Shanshan Gao et al ." Development and validation of a sensitive and reliable targeted metabolomics method for the quantification of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers in plasma by using UPLC-MS/MS."Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry. 2022 Mar 25. [IF=3.935] Jin Quan et al."Glycine Betaine and β-Aminobutyric Acid Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Heat Stress on Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) Seedlings with Improved Photosynthetic Performance and Antioxidant System."Plants-Basel. 2022 26. [IF=6.057] Jing Chen et al."Excellent performance separation of trypsin by novel ternary magnetic composite adsorbent based on betaine-urea- glycerol natural deep eutectic solvent modified MnFe2O4-MWCNTs."TALANTA. 2022 Oct;248:123566 |
BET - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless, sweet. Water 160, methanol 55, ethanol 8.7. Slightly soluble in ether. Deliquescence. Trimethylamine is formed in concentrated potassium hydroxide.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
BET - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
the mother liquor of sugar from beet contains 12% to 15% of betaine, which can be directly recovered. Products can also be obtained by quaternization of chloroacetic acid with dimethylamine.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:11:16
BET - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
The addition of betaine in the feed can protect the vitamin in the feed, so that the feed can be resistant to high temperature, the storage period is long, and the utilization rate of the feed can be greatly improved, and the cost can be reduced. Chicken feed add 0. OS% betaine, which can replace 0.1% of the methionine I food to add betaine, has an attractive effect on fish and shrimp, and can be widely used as a bulking agent for aquatic products. Adding Betaine to pig feed can stimulate the appetite of pigs, and lean meat rate increased. 1kg of betaine corresponds to 3.5kg of methionine. Betaine is 1.2 times more potent than choline chloride and 3.8 times more potent than methionine.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:11:17
BET - Reference Information
| FEMA | 4223 | BETAINE |
| LogP | -3.1 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| application | betaine is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid. Anhydrous betaine is a new type of fine chemicals, which can be widely used in food, medicine, daily chemicals, printing and dyeing, chemical industry and other fields. Anhydrous betaine is an efficient and high-quality nutritional additive. Pharmaceutical grade betaine can be used in medicine, cosmetics, food, fruit juice industry, and dental materials. In addition, betaine can also be used in fermentation industry. Anhydrous betaine has the effects of eyesight, anti-fatty liver, kidney protection, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. It is used in health food. Anhydrous betaine has a wide range of uses in food and beverages due to its moderate taste and colorlessness in the food industry. Anhydrous betaine is used for weight loss and beauty food. Betaine is used as an additive for daily chemical products |
| feed additive | betaine is a natural compound and belongs to quaternary ammonium alkaloid. this substance is named after it was originally extracted from beet. it has been used as a feed additive for more than 50 years. Because of its important role in animal protein and fat metabolism, it has attracted much attention and has been widely used. Adding to chicken feed can improve carcass quality and pectoral muscle mass of broilers. Improve the palatability and utilization rate of bait. Increasing feed intake and increasing daily weight gain are the main feeding ingredients of aquatic bait. Improve the feeding rate of piglets and promote their growth. Another important function of its osmotic pressure regulator is to improve gastrointestinal pressure and increase the survival rate of seedlings, especially young shrimps and fry, when the living environment changes under various stress conditions such as cold, heat, disease, weaning, etc. Anhydrous betaine has a protective effect on the stability of VA and VB and improves the use effect. It does not have the irritation of betaine hydrochloride. |
| Highly active methyl donor | Betaine is widely found in animals and plants. The highest content in beet is in plants. As a highly active methyl donor in animals, betaine plays an important role in nutrition regulation in methyl metabolism and can replace part of methionine and choline, it has the functions of promoting fat metabolism, improving palatability of feed, alleviating heat stress, regulating body osmotic pressure, maintaining the stability of vitamin premix and improving breeding efficiency. Betaine provides methyl to cysteine in animals to generate methionine, which is activated to become S-adenomycin, and then transfers the methyl to DNA, RNA, protein, creatine, Lipids and other important methyl-containing components. Methyl groups are very unstable, animal bodies cannot synthesize themselves, and can only rely on food supply. Betaine provides methyl groups 1.2 times more efficiently than choline chloride and 3.8 times more efficiently than methionine. Choline itself cannot be used as a methyl donor. It must first be transported to the mitochondria, oxidized to produce betaine, and finally released to the cell fluid before it can be used as a methyl donor. Studies have proved that adding 1.25kg of this product to each ton of pig feed has no effect on growth and development and feed efficiency, but the back fat reduces 15%, and can increase the cut-off area of the tenderloin and improve the carcass meat quality; adding betaine to chicken feed can reduce the amount of methionine added in the feed, and 750 grams of betaine per ton of feed in the early stage of broiler feeding can replace 1.5 kilograms of methionine, 450g betaine can replace 1kg methionine in the later period. Betaine also has the effect of preventing and treating fatty liver in pigs, chickens and fish. |
| use | betaine added to feed has the function of protecting vitamins in feed. feed can resist high temperature and have a long storage period, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of feed and reduce the cost. Adding 0.05% betaine to chicken feed can replace 0.1% methionine; adding betaine to the bait has a feeding effect on fish and shrimp, and can be used in large quantities as a penghua agent for aquatic products; adding betaine to pig feed, pigs love to eat, And the lean meat rate is increased. 1kg betaine is equivalent to 3.5kg methionine. The ability of betaine to provide methyl is 1.2 times that of choline chloride and 3.8 times that of methionine, and the feeding effect is very significant. betaine type amphoteric surfactant, used as levelling agent for vat dye dyeing. Feed-grade anhydrous betaine can be used as a feed additive. It is a natural high-efficiency methyl donor. It can partially replace methionine and choline chloride, reduce feed costs, reduce pig backfat, and improve lean meat rate and carcass quality. hypolipidemic, anti-fatty liver; anti-aging used as a feed additive to promote animal growth and improve disease resistance |
| production method | recovered from beet sugar mother liquor, can also be produced by synthesis method. (1) extraction method. The mother liquor of sugar beet production contains 12%-15% betaine, which can be directly recovered. Heat 300 parts of mother liquor to 50 ℃, add 80 parts of calcium chloride, stir for a certain period of time and filter while hot. The filtrate was acidified with hydrochloric acid and then cooled to 20-30 ℃ for crystallization, and was separated and dried to obtain about 30 parts of betaine. (2) Synthetic method. It is obtained by quaternization of chloroacetic acid and trimethylamine. 195 parts of 48.6% aqueous chloroacetic acid solution are formed into sodium chloroacetate solution with 16% sodium hydroxide solution, then mixed with 360 parts of 16.4% trimethylamine solution, ventilated at 50 ℃ for 1h, and ventilated at 80 ℃ for 1h. After the reactant is diluted, it is adsorbed by ionic resin (Dowex-50-8) and eluted with ammonia to obtain betaine solution. The finished product is then concentrated and crystallized in vacuum. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:01:54
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