CHLORTHALIDONE
Chlorthalidone
CAS: 77-36-1
Molecular Formula: C14H11ClN2O4S
CHLORTHALIDONE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Chlorthalidone |
| Synonyms | hygroton thalitone CHLORTALIDONE Chlortalidone CHLORTHALIDONE Chlorthalidone 1-oxo-3-(3-sulfamyl-4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxyisoindoline 3-(4-chloro-3-sulphamoylphenyl)-3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one 1-keto-3-(3'-sulfamyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxyisoindoline 2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-isoindolinyl)-benzenesulfonamid 2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide 2-chloro-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1h-isoindol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide |
| CAS | 77-36-1 |
| EINECS | 201-022-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C14H11ClN2O4S/c15-11-6-5-8(7-12(11)22(16,20)21)14(19)10-4-2-1-3-9(10)13(18)17-14/h1-7,19H,(H,17,18)(H2,16,20,21) |
| InChIKey | JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CHLORTHALIDONE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C14H11ClN2O4S |
| Molar Mass | 338.77 |
| Density | 1.3356 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 265-267°C (dec.) |
| Water Solubility | 0.12g/L(25 ºC) |
| Solubility | DMSO: soluble5mg/mL, clear (warmed) |
| Appearance | powder |
| Color | white to beige |
| pKa | pKa 9.4 (Uncertain) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | 1.5630 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White crystalline powder. Melting point 224-226 C (decomposition). Slightly soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, soluble in hot ethanol. Odorless and tasteless. |
| Use | Used as an oral diuretic drug |
| In vitro study | Chlorthalidone increases sodium, chloride, and water excretion into the renal lumen by inhibiting the transport of sodium ions through renal tubular epithelial cells. The main site of its action is the cortical dilution segment of the ascending branch of the medullary loop. By increasing sodium transport to the distal renal tubules, chlorthalidone indirectly increases potassium secretion through a sodium-potassium exchange mechanism (I. E., apical ROMK/Na Channel coupled to basal NKATPases). |
| In vivo study | Chlorthalidone is a thiazide-like diuretic. After oral intake, peak serum concentrations are achieved in 2-6 hours. The half-life of Chlorthalidone is approximately 42 (range 29-55) hours, reaching 45-60 hours after long-term dosing. However, interindividual variability in the half-life of Chlorthalidone is wide. Chlorthalidone is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The natriuretic effect of Chlorthalidone is maximal at 18 hours and lasts more than 48 hours. Comparing different doses of Chlorthalidone, it has been observed that 25 mg daily is nearly as effective as higher doses, but with less risk of hypokalemia. Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. The effectiveness of Chlorthalidone or magnesium hydroxide is examined in the prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney calculi. In a double-blind random allocation design daily dosages of 25 or 50 mg. Chlorthalidone, 650 or 1,300 mg. magnesium hydroxide, or an identical placebo are administered. All groups showed significantly decreased calculous events compared to the pretreatment rates. During the trial 56.1 per cent fewer calculi than predicted developed in the placebo group (p less than 0.01), whereas the groups receiving low and high dosage magnesium hydroxide showed 73.9 and 62.3 per cent fewer calculi, respectively (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively). Chlorthalidone treatment results in a 90.1 per cent decrease from predicted rates and both dosages yielded similar results. When the treatments are compared Chlorthalidone is significantly better than the placebo or magnesium hydroxide (p less than 0.01). The large decreases in calculous events seen when placebo or ineffective therapy is given underscore the positive treatment bias that occurs when historical controls are used and they demonstrate the need for proper experimental design. |
CHLORTHALIDONE - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | DB1556000 |
| HS Code | 2935904000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in rabbit: > 5gm/kg |
CHLORTHALIDONE - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| biological activity | Chlortalidone (Chlortalidone) is a diuretic used to treat hypertension. |
| Use | diuretic for cardiac, renal and other edema diseases. |
| production method | from 2-(3-amino-4-chlorobenzoyl) benzoic acid [118-04-7] by diazotization, substitution, chlorosulfonation, cyclization and amination. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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