CIRL2
Chlorine
CAS: 7782-50-5
Molecular Formula: Cl2
CIRL2 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Chlorine |
| Synonyms | Cl2aa cloro CIRL2 Chloor chlore dicloran Chlorine dichloran Bertholite Chlorine gas Chlorine in Water Chlorine molecule Liquefied chlorine Dimethyl Sulfide-Chlorine Industrial Liquid Chlorine Chlorine [UN1017] [Poison gas] |
| CAS | 7782-50-5 |
| EINECS | 231-959-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Cl2/c1-2 |
CIRL2 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Cl2 |
| Molar Mass | 70.91 |
| Density | 1.468（0℃） |
| Melting Point | −101°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | −34°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | 0.7 g/100 mL |
| Vapor Presure | 4800 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.48 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Clear yellow-green |
| Odor | Highly pungent, bleach-like odor detectable at 0.02 to 3.4 ppm (mean = 0.08 ppm) |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1 ppm (～3 mg/m3) (ACGIH andMSHA); ceiling 1 ppm (OSHA), 0.5 ppm/15 min (NIOSH); IDLH 30 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 13,2112 |
| BRN | 3902968 |
| Storage Condition | -20°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with reducing agents, alcohols. |
| Refractive Index | 1.375 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Yellow-green transparent liquid. With the smell of suffocation, there is a strong stimulation of odor and corrosive. |
CIRL2 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R23 - Toxic by inhalation R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 1017 2.3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | FO2100000 |
| Hazard Class | 2.3 |
| Toxicity | LC50 (1 hr) in rats, mice (ppm): 293, 137 (K. C. Back et al., Reclassification of Materials Listed as Transportation Health Hazards (TSA-20-72-3; PB 214-270, 1972) pp A-182-183) |
CIRL2 - Reference Information
| olfactory Threshold | 0.049ppm |
| resistivity | 1E9 ++-cm, 20°C |
| LogP | -0.85 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | Chlorine is a halogen chemical element with chemical symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second light halogen, which occurs in the periodic table between fluorine and bromine, has properties between their intermediates. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature and is highly toxic. It is a highly reactive element and a strong oxidant in the element, and of all the elements, chlorine has the highest electron affinity and is the third most highly electronegative element in Pauling's electronegativity, second only to oxygen and fluorine. |
| Discovery History | from ancient times, it was known that the most common chlorine-containing compound was non-sodium chloride (commonly known as salt). In 1630, chlorine gas was first synthesized in a chemical reaction, but was not considered to be an essential substance. Karl William Scheller in 1774 wrote a description of chlorine gas, speculated that it is an oxide of new elements. In 1809, chemists considered this gas to be a pure element, and in 1810, hanfrey David colored it in its own color (Ancient Greek: X-Lambda ω-p-y, Roman: khlperipheral ros) "light green" name. |
| Source | chlorine in a free state in nature exists in the atmosphere and is one of the elemental substances that destroy the ozone layer. Chlorine is decomposed into two chlorine atoms (free radicals) by ultraviolet light. Most usually in the form of chloride (Cl-), Common is mainly sodium chloride (salt, NaCl). |
| Application | commercially produced chlorine is obtained from electrolyzed brine. The development of household bleaching water, disinfectants, and some chemical agents for industrial use has benefited from the high oxidation potential properties of chlorine. Chlorine is widely used in the manufacture of consumer products, 2/3 of organic chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride, the intermediate products of many plastic products and other end products that do not contain chlorine. Swimming pools use chlorine-containing compounds to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of the pool. Chlorine is extremely dangerous and toxic to organisms in high concentrations. Chlorine gas was used as the first chemical warfare agent in the first world war. |
| preparation method | the production method of chlorine gas has gone through a long development process. 1774 Swedish chemist Scheler with pyrolusite (containing manganese dioxide) and concentrated hydrochloric acid, the first chlorine, the reaction equation: 4HCl (concentrated) mnO ++ = heating = MnCl ₂ 2H O Cl ↑ |
| element characteristics | chlorine is the second element of halogen, group 17 in the periodic table, therefore, its characteristics are very similar to those of fluorine, bromine and iodine, and most of its characteristics are between fluorine and bromine. The electron orbit domain configuration of chlorine is [Ne]3 s23p5, and there are seven electrons in the third and outermost orbit domains, which represent seven valence electrons, like all halogens, chlorine also has one electron less than the intact occlusal, and is therefore a strong oxidant that reacts with many elements to complete its outer orbital domain. Corresponding to the position of the periodic table, the electric negative degree of chlorine is between fluorine and bromine (fluorine: 3.98, chlorine: 3.16, bromine: 2.96, iodine: 2.66), and the activity is lower than that of fluorine, but it is more active than bromine, chlorine and fluorine are weaker oxidants than bromine, because the atomic radius of chlorine is between fluorine and bromine, therefore, many Atomic characteristics of chlorine continue the trend of iodine to bromine, such as the first free energy, electron affinity, molecular dissociation enthalpy of X2 (X is chlorine, bromine, iodine), the ionic radius and the bond length between X and X. (Fluoride is specific because it is small) |
| identification test | solubility very soluble in water. According to the OT-42 method. Take 10ml of the pre-ice-cooled sodium hydroxide solution (TS-224) and carefully pass through several ml of the sample. The chloride test (IThl2) of the formed solution is positive, and can make the iodine starch test paper color darker. |
| content analysis | was determined according to the conventional zinc amalgam method. |
| toxicity | ADI is not specified. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant, causing Cough, Dyspnea and eye irritation by inhalation in large quantities. Severe cases can be suffocation to death. Direct contact with liquid chlorine can cause burns to the skin and eyes. Chlorine content in the air shall not exceed 0.001mg/L. high concentrations of chlorine can cause acute dermatitis, accompanied by skin sweating, redness and edema. Moderate and low concentrations of chlorine poisoning, there is a significant chest pain, eye burns and tingling, tears and very uncomfortable Dry Cough. High concentrations of chlorine poisoning can lead to respiratory center reflex inhibition caused by sudden death. Chlorine poisoning, should immediately supply fresh air, keep quiet, warm. Oxygen inhalation as soon as possible and hospitalization. The maximum allowable concentration is 1 mg/m3. Production personnel should wear work clothes, gas masks and protective closed glasses, rubber gloves, aprons and long rubber boots. The equipment and delivery lines shall be sealed, the plant shall be properly ventilated and the chlorine concentration in the air shall be checked. Give a healthy diet. |
| usage limit | 2.5 gC12/kg wheat flour (FAO/WHO,2001), the wheat flour limit for cakes (can lead to a decrease in vitamin E content). |
| Use | widely used in tap water Disinfection, pulp and textile bleaching, ore refining, organic and inorganic chloride synthesis, etc. for the production of pesticides, bleaching agents, Disinfection agents, solvents, plastics, synthetic fibers and the preparation of other chlorides liquid chlorine is generally used after vaporization. For the bleaching of textiles and paper-making. Metallurgical industry for the production of metal titanium, magnesium and so on. The chemical industry is used to produce sodium hypochlorite, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, bleaching powder, bromine, phosphorus trichloride and other inorganic chemical products, and also used to produce organic chlorides, such as chloroacetic acid, epichlorohydrin, chlorobenzene and so on. Also used in the production of neoprene, plastics and plasticizers. Daily chemical industry for the production of synthetic detergent raw materials such as sodium alkyl sulfonate and sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate. The pesticide industry is used as a raw material for the production of highly efficient insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth stimulants. Also used for Disinfection, purification of tap water. antimicrobial agents (mainly used for water quality treatment); Bleach; Oxidant; Flour treatment agent. It is mainly used in high-tech fields such as large-scale integrated circuits, optical fibers, high-temperature superconductors, etc. |
| production method | a by-product in the electrolytic production of caustic soda from salt is condensed into a liquid state. by freezing method, dry chlorine gas (pressure 0.196133 ~ 0.225553MPa) from chlorine drying chamber is separated and removed by a droplet trap, and then enters the chlorine condensate pipe in the square box type liquefaction tank, the calcium chloride brine (-25 ~-35 ℃) outside the pipe is cooled and condensed into liquid chlorine. The non-condensed chlorine-containing waste gas is passed through the waste gas separator and the separated non-condensable waste gas is sent to it for use, liquid chlorine flow to the liquid chlorine metering tank, with dry compressed air pressure to the liquid chlorine tank or direct pressure to the liquid chlorine tank car or cylinder packaging. The calcium chloride salt water heated by chlorine gas, driven by the rotary paddle stirrer, flows down to the other side of the square tank liquefaction tank-outside the ammonia evaporator, and is cooled back to the side of the chlorine condenser coil due to the refrigeration effect of liquid ammonia evaporation, continuous circulation, continuous production of liquid chlorine products. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | highly toxic |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50:293 PPM/ 1 hour; Inhalation-mouse LC50: 137 PPM/ 1 h |
| explosive hazard characteristics | the steel cylinder can be exploded by heating and sun exposure; The leakage releases highly toxic smoke; explosive mixture with combustible gas under sunlight; Explosive reaction with metals, such as aluminum, vanadium, antimony, etc., |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable under sunlight exposure to combustible gas; Toxic chloride smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and unloading; And flammable gas, ammonia, separate storage and transportation of metal powder |
| extinguishing agent | water mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1.5 mg/m3; Tel 3.0 mg/m3 |
| DOT Classification | 2.3, Hazard Zone B (Gas poisonous by inhalation) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 10 ppm |
Last Update：2024-06-12 16:03:00
CIRL2 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
liquid chlorine is a yellow-green transparent liquid. d20 (6. 864atm)1.4085 (liquid);d-35(0. 9949atm)1.5649 (liquid); Boiling point -34.6 °c; Melting point -100. 98 °c. 300L gas chlorine at atmospheric pressure can be obtained after gasification of lkg liquid chlorine, the critical temperature of the gas is 1 44 ℃, the critical pressure is 76.1 atm, and the critical relative density is 0. 573. Highly irritating and corrosive. Very lively nature, can be soluble in water, solubility decreases with the increase of water temperature; Although not spontaneous combustion, but can combustion, in the sunlight and other flammable gas mixture will burn and explosion, it can react with most elements or compounds. With strong oxidation.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
CIRL2 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
In general, electrolytic aqueous salt solution is used to prepare chlorine gas, and then the chlorine gas is cooled to prepare liquid chlorine.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:26
CIRL2 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
chlorine is a strong oxidant, which can oxidize some organic corrosion and scale inhibitors in cooling water in different degrees. Chlorine can also react with organic solvents in water to generate chlorinated hydrocarbons, which have been proved to be carcinogenic, and the free residual chlorine in the discharged wastewater is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is best to use with non-oxidizing bactericide and slime stripping agent.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:27
CIRL2 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
has a strong irritating odor and corrosive, highly toxic, especially to the respiratory organs have a stimulating effect. Irritation of the mucosa, resulting in eye tears, so that the eyes, nose, pharynx have burning, tingling and suffocation. Inhalation can cause Nausea, Vomit, upper abdominal pain, Diarrhea, etc. Excessive inhalation can cause respiratory disorders until death. Combustion-supporting. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the production environment is 2 mg/ma. The cylinder containing chlorine shall be strictly sealed to prevent air leakage. Liquid chlorine storage should be low temperature refrigeration, ground ventilation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:27
