Chloral
Chloral
CAS: 75-87-6
Molecular Formula: C2HCl3O
Chloral - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Chloral |
| Synonyms | grasex Chloral U.N. 2075 metachloral trichloroethanal Trichloroethanal Trichloroacetaldehyde TRICHLOROACETALDEHYDE 2,2,2-Trichloroethanal Acetaldehyde,trichloro- 2,2,2-trichloroacetaldehyde Chloral, anhydrous, inhibited Acetaldehyde, 2,2,2-trichloro- |
| CAS | 75-87-6 |
| EINECS | 200-911-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2HCl3O/c3-2(4,5)1-6/h1H |
Chloral - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2HCl3O |
| Molar Mass | 147.39 |
| Density | 1.51g/mLat 20°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -57.5°C |
| Boling Point | 94-98°C |
| Flash Point | 75°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble |
| Vapor Presure | 41.1mmHg at 25°C |
| Merck | 13,9699 |
| pKa | 10.04(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.456 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless volatile oil-like liquid, irritating odor. melting point -57.5 ℃ boiling point 97.8 ℃ relative density 1.510 refractive index 1.45572 soluble in water, ethanol, ether and chloroform. |
| Use | Mainly used in the manufacture of insecticides DDT, trichlorfon, dichlorvos and herbicide chloroacetaldehyde urea, can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry and Organic synthesis |
Chloral - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R23 - Toxic by inhalation R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S7/9 - S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. |
| UN IDs | UN 2075 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | FM7870000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 1-8-9-13 |
| HS Code | 29130000 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(a) |
| Packing Group | II |
Chloral - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Chlorine Ethyl Alcohol |
| Downstream Products | Trichloromethane Chloral hydrate Trichlorphon Dichlorvos alpha-(trichloromethyl)benzyl acetate |
Chloral - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless volatile oil-like liquid with pungent odor. The relative density was 1. 510 (1. 5121). Melting Point -57,5 °c. Boiling point 97.8 °c. Vapor pressure (20 °c) 4.666kpa. Refractive index (n2(o) 45572. The latent heat of evaporation is 2. 257 ×los J/kg, which is combined with water to form trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate. Soluble in water, ethanol, ether and chloroform.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Chloral - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- prepared by the interaction of ethanol or acetaldehyde with chlorine.
- ethanol chlorination method: the product produced by the stepwise reaction of ethanol and chlorine gas is a mixture of alcohol chloral, chloral hydrate and chloral, collectively referred to as chlorine oil. Chlorine oil and concentrated sulfuric acid reaction, and then using a simple distillation, can be obtained trichloroacetaldehyde refined products.
- by-products of ethyl chloride by water washing, alkali washing, drying, condensation, distillation packaging for the production of pesticides. Hydrogen chloride can be absorbed with water to form 30% hydrochloric acid.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:49
Chloral - Use
Open Data Verified Data
mainly used in the manufacture of pesticides such as pesticides DDT, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, herbicide chloroacetaldehyde urea. It is used in the production of chloramphenicol, chloromycetin and chloral hydrate as hypnotic agent. It can also be used as organic raw materials for the production of N,N-methyl formamide and chloroform.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:50
Chloral - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- this strain of corrosive substances, narcotic, contact with the skin will cause burns, contact with the eyes will cause mydriasis. Inhalation of excessive, serious can cause asphyxia. Mice were fed with LDs0 710 ~ 850mg/kg. The ventilation of the equipment should be strengthened and the exhaust gas should be treated. When in contact with the human body, the application of a large number of water to rinse, severe cases sent to the hospital for treatment. The operator should wear protective gear.
- packaged in plastic barrels or iron barrels lined with anti-corrosion coating or ceramic cans. Anti-freezing, anti-heat, water-proof. 25kg, 35kg or 40kg net weight per bucket. Transport by pipe or train or motor vehicle. According to the provisions of the storage and transportation of corrosive chemicals.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:50
Chloral - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2A (Vol. 63, 84, 106) 2014 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| chemical raw materials | trichloroacetaldehyde is an important chemical raw material, the molecular structure contains halogen and carbonyl, is the preparation of medicines (such as chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline and thiamphenicol), pesticides (such as DDT, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, Dibromo phosphorus, trichloroacetic acid calcium, bromite Ester, herbicides, chloro acetaldehyde urea) and other organic chemical products (such as chloroform, trichloroacetic acid, dimethyl formamide, etc.). 2,2, 2-trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate [trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate, CCl3CH(OH)2] can be obtained by hydrolysis of trichloroacetaldehyde. Most compounds with two-OH on the same carbon atom are not stable, however, three chlorine atoms in the chloral molecule serve to stabilize the compound. Chloral anesthesia and sedation, has been used as a hypnotic and narcotic drugs, abuse can lead to addiction, has been abolished not. |
| chloral hydrate | chloral hydrate Chloral Hydrate. Colorless transparent crystals. Special odor. Molecular formula CCl3CH(OH)2. Slightly volatilized in air. The specific gravity was 1.9081. Boiling point 97.5. Melting point 51.7 °c. Heating to the boiling point can be decomposed into chloral and water. Soluble in water, ethanol and ether, benzene-soluble and carbon disulfide. The aqueous solution was acidic to litmus reagent. For pharmaceutical, such as trichloroacetic acid. Used medically as a sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic. Adult oral acute poisoning dose of 4~5g or about 10g; Adult oral lethal dose is about 7g; The average lethal dose is about 10g. Chloral Hydrate easily absorbed, and can appear in the cerebrospinal fluid, milk, amniotic fluid and fetal blood. In the body, most of them are reduced to trichloroethanol, which has a stronger inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. Trichloroethanol immediately binds to glucuronic acid and loses its toxicity, and is excreted by the kidney. Oral can occur severe gastrointestinal irritation, gastric mucosal corrosion and hemorrhagic gastritis. Inhalation of high concentrations of steam can cause pharyngitis, bronchitis, inhibition of respiratory center leads to respiratory center failure, respiratory muscle paralysis. Due to its obvious vasodilator effect, there may be a drop in blood pressure, body temperature, Shock, syncope and arrhythmia. Also visible pupil narrowing, liver, kidney damage and other clinical manifestations. Chronic poisoning can appear erythematous urticaria or purpura-like rash, conjunctivitis, tears, eyelid edema, photophobia, visual impairment; And Head Pain, Arthralgia, loss of appetite, Vomit, Diarrhea and so on. Oral acute poisoning can use warm water or 1:2,000~1:5,000 potassium permanganate gastric lavage. Rectal drug users should immediately wash the intestines, catharsis and symptomatic treatment, prevention of heart failure, Respiratory Insufficiency and Shock of the occurrence. |
| dangerous situation | ingestion is toxic, corrosive and narcotic, which can cause burns when touching the skin and dilate the pupil when touching the eyes; inhalation of excessive, serious can cause asphyxia. |
| adverse effects and toxic symptoms | , special information on malformations and other reproductive effects. The pharmacokinetic properties of trichloroacetaldehyde are similar to those of trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate metabolized to trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid, and it is observed that it is excreted mainly through urine (probably bile). Skin cancer developed in 4 out of 20 mice whose skin was exposed to chloral hydrate.|
| first aid | when the chemical comes into contact with the human body, it is washed with a large amount of water and sent to the hospital for rescue and treatment in severe cases. |
| Protection Measure | the equipment should be better ventilated and the exhaust should be treated. Staff should wear rubber gloves and protective clothing during operation. |
| storage | plastic or metal or ceramic tanks lined with anti-corrosion coating. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, anti-freeze, anti-heat, anti-water. |
| transportation requirements | Grade I organic acid corrosion article. Crisis#: 92008. It can be transported by pipe or train or car. |
| proposed waste disposal method | chloral mixed with other combustible fuel and burned. Care must be taken to ensure complete combustion in order to prevent phosgene production; In order to remove the hydrohalic acid produced, an acid scrubber is necessary. |
| Application | trichloroacetaldehyde is one of the raw materials for organic synthesis and an important intermediate for the production of pesticides and medicines. In the pesticide, can be used for the synthesis of organophosphorus insecticides trichlorfon, dichlorvos, organochlorine insecticide DDT, trichloroinsecticidal ester (Mosquito and Fly net), acaricide dicofol and pyrethroid intermediate dichloro-pyrethroid acid A (B) esters, etc., in addition, in medicine for the production of chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate, etc.; Can also be used as organic raw materials, for the production of N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform and chloroform. mainly used in the manufacture of insecticides DDT, trichlorfon, dichlorvos and herbicide chloral urea, can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry and organic synthesis |
| production method | the synthesis of trichloroacetaldehyde includes ethanol chlorination and acetaldehyde chlorination. In China, the ethanol chlorination method is mainly used, that is, the reaction of ethanol and chlorine gas produces a mixture of alcohol trichloroacetaldehyde, chloral hydrate and chloral, collectively referred to as chlorine oil. The chlorine oil is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid, and then the refined product of trichloroacetaldehyde can be obtained by simple distillation. C2H5OH + Cl2 + H2O →[80~90 ℃]CCl3CH(OH)(OC2H5)+ CCl3CH(OH)2[+ H2SO4]→ [reflux] CCl3CHO + C2H5OSO3H + H2SO4 + H2O by-product ethyl chloride is washed with water, alkali wash, dry, condensed, distilled and packaged for the production of pesticides. Hydrogen chloride can be absorbed with water to form 30% hydrochloric acid. Raw material consumption quota: ethanol (95%)450kg/t, chlorine 2000kg/t, sulfuric acid 700kg/t. Ethanol chlorination is divided into two processes: step chlorination and tower chlorination. After the successful development of tower chlorination by Tianjin chemical plant in 1969, it has been gradually promoted in China, and it is still a step chlorination in foreign countries. |
| category | corrosive article |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | intraperitoneal-mouse LD50: 600 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | thermal decomposition of toxic and lacrimal gases |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse was ventilated and dried at low temperature, separate storage of bases |
| fire extinguishing agent | Sand, foam, water mist, carbon dioxide |
| Occupational Standard | SEL 5 mg/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for Chloral
Downstream Products for Chloral