Cyclopentane
Cyclopentane
CAS: 287-92-3
Molecular Formula: C5H10
Cyclopentane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Cyclopentane |
| Synonyms | Cyclopentan CYCLOPENTANE Cyclopentane PENTAMETHYLENE CYCLOPENTANE, FOR UV-SPECTROSCOPY CYCLOPENTANE REFERENCE SUBSTANCE FOR GAS CYCLOPENTANE, TECHNICALCYCLOPENTANE, TECHNICALCYCLOPENTANE, TECHNICAL |
| CAS | 287-92-3 |
| EINECS | 206-016-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C5H10/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5H2 |
Cyclopentane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H10 |
| Molar Mass | 70.13 |
| Density | 0.751 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -94 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 50 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | −35°F |
| Water Solubility | Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water. |
| Solubility | 0.156g/l insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 18.93 psi ( 55 °C) |
| Vapor Density | ~2 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Like gasoline; mild, sweet. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 600 ppm (～1720 mg/m3)(ACGIH). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 198 nm Amax: 1.0', , 'λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.50', , 'λ: 220 nm Amax: 0.10', , 'λ: 240 |
| Merck | 14,2741 |
| BRN | 1900195 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Highly flammable. Note low flash point and wide explosion limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Floats on water, water is of limited value in putting out fires involving it |
| Explosive Limit | 1.5-8.7%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.405(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless liquid, melting point -93.9 °c, boiling point 49.26 °c, relative density 0.7460(20/4 °c), refractive index 1.4068, flash point -37 °c. With alcohol, ether and other organic solvents miscible, insoluble in water. |
| Use | Used to replace Freon widely used in refrigerators, freezer insulation materials and other hard PU Foam foaming agent |
Cyclopentane - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F - Flammable |
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 1146 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | GY2390000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2902 19 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LC (2 hr in air) in mice: 110 mg/l (Lazarew) |
Cyclopentane - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 0.164, 0.240, and 0.300 at 27.9, 35.8, and 45.0 °C, respectively (dynamic headspace, Hansen et al.,1995) |
| LogP | 3 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Cycloalkane | Cycloalkane is a saturated hydrocarbon with carbon atoms in a molecule arranged in a ring and a sufficient number of hydrogen atoms combined with it. The cycloalkanes present in petroleum are mainly cyclopentane and cyclohexane. The melting point, boiling point, and relative density of cycloalkanes are higher than the corresponding straight-chain alkanes. The use of naphthenic aromatic crude oil can produce high-octane straight-run gasoline, which has better anti-knock properties than normal alkanes. Paraffin cycloalkyl crude oil with low sulfur content is not only easy to process, but also a good raw material for producing advanced lubricating oil. Petroleum containing more cycloalkane compounds with multiple ring long side chains is an ideal raw material for high-quality lubricating oil. At room temperature and normal pressure, cycloalkanes with less than 4 carbon atoms are gases, more than 4 are liquids, cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases, cyclopentane to cycloundecane are liquids, and cyclodecane is solid. The chemical properties of cycloalkanes are related to the number of ring-forming carbon atoms. Three-yuan ring and four-yuan ring are small rings, five to seven-yuan rings are normal rings, eight to eleven-yuan rings are intermediate rings, and twelve-yuan rings are large rings. The carbon nucleus in the small ring is inconsistent with the bonding orbital axis. In cyclopropane, the ring composed of carbon nuclei is an equilateral triangle with an angle of 60 ° each, but the angle between the sp3 hybrid orbital axis of the two carbon-carbon single bonds formed by each carbon atom is 104 ° (see Figure 2 below), the orbits fail to achieve the maximum overlap, causing a large angular tension. Cyclobutane also has angular tension, but it is smaller. This makes the small ring have poor stability, similar chemical properties to olefins, and can undergo ring-opening addition reactions with many reagents. Other ring angular tension is small or no angular tension. The chemical properties of cycloalkanes are similar to those of alkanes, and ring-opening reactions are not easy to occur. For example, with hydrogen, the hydrogenation of cyclohexane and higher cycloalkanes is more difficult. fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sp3 hybrid orbital overlap in cyclopropane. Cyclopropane can be added with halogen and hydrogen halide under heating at room temperature. The ring opening occurs between the two carbon atoms with the most and least hydrogen, and the addition conforms to the Markov Nikov rule. The normal ring reacts with halogen under the initiation of light or heat. At room temperature, cycloalkanes cannot be oxidized by potassium permanganate. Cyclopentane, cyclohexane and their alkyl substitution products exist in some petroleum. Cycloalkanes can also be synthesized by appropriate methods, such as dihaloalkane cyclidine and aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation. |
| dangerous situation | (1) ingestion and inhalation are moderately toxic. (2) It is flammable and has a greater risk of burning. The allowable concentration in the air is 600ppm (1720mg/m3) in the United States. |
| use | used as standard substance for chromatographic analysis, solvent, engine fuel, azeotropic distiller (azeotropic distillation agent). It is used as a solvent for solution polymerization of polyisoprene rubber and cellulose ether, replacing the foaming agent of Freon for thermal insulation materials of refrigerators and freezers and other hard PU foams, and is a standard substance for chromatographic analysis. Used to replace the foaming agent of Freon, which is widely used in refrigerators and freezers, and other hard PU foams. Solvents. Gas chromatography contrast samples. It is widely used as a thermal insulation material for refrigerators and freezers and as a foaming agent for other hard PU foams |
| harmful effects and toxic symptoms | inhalation of high concentrations of cyclopentane can cause central nervous system inhibition, although its acute toxicity is low. Symptoms caused by acute exposure are excited first, and then balance disorders, even stupor and coma. Death from respiratory failure is rare. It has been reported that oral feeding of this product to animals has caused severe diarrhea, leading to collapse of heart, lung and liver blood vessels and brain degeneration. |
| protective measures | improve production equipment. Use skin protective ointment or wear gloves to protect the skin. |
| medical monitoring | during regular physical examination, pay attention to possible irritation of skin and respiratory tract and any complications of kidney and liver. |
| transportation requirements | first-class flammable liquid. Dangerous regulations; 61013. The container shall be marked "flammable liquid" when transported. |
| fire extinguishing measures | see "cyclohexane". |
| recommended waste disposal method | incineration. |
| production method | cyclopentane is a component of petroleum ether in the boiling point range of 30-60 ℃, and its content is generally 5%-10%. Cyclopentane with purity above 98% can be obtained by distillation under normal pressure at a reflux ratio of 60:1 in a tower 8m high. Cyclopentane can also be produced by cyclopentanone reduction or cyclopentadiene catalytic hydrogenation. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | low toxicity |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 11400 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 12800 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | blastable when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability in case of open flame, high temperature and oxidant; Combustion produces stimulating smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from oxidant |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent |
| occupational standard | TWA 1720 mg/m3; STEL 2150 mg/kg |
| auto-ignition temperature | 682 °F |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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