GSH
Glutathione
CAS: 70-18-8
Molecular Formula: C10H17N3O6S
GSH - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Glutathione |
| Synonyms | GSH glutide glutinal isethion glutatiol glutatione Glutathion Glutathione l-glutatione L-Glutathione ReducedGlutathione Antisense compounds Glutathione reduced Glutathione, reduced gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine 5-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine Glutathione, Reduced, Free Acid gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine n-(n-l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl)-glycin L-gamma-glutamyl-3-sulfido-L-alanylglycine N(N-L-.gamma.-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine {[N-(2-ammonio-4-carboxybutanoyl)cysteinyl]amino}acetate |
| CAS | 70-18-8 |
| EINECS | 200-725-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(1-2-7(14)15)9(18)13-6(4-20)10(19)12-3-8(16)17/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,19)(H,13,18)(H,14,15)(H,16,17) |
| InChIKey | RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N |
GSH - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C10H17N3O6S |
| Molar Mass | 307.32 |
| Density | 1.4482 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 192-195 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 754.5±60.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | -16.5 º (c=2, H2O) |
| Flash Point | 411.272°C |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, dilute alcohol, liquid ammonia, dimethylformamide, insoluble in ethanol, ether, acetone. |
| Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent slender granular crystal |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Merck | 14,4475 |
| BRN | 1729812 |
| pKa | pK1 2.12; pK2 3.53; pK3 8.66; pK4 9.12(at 25℃) |
| PH | 3 (10g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to air |
| Refractive Index | -17 ° (C=2, H2O) |
| MDL | MFCD00065939 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 182-192°C specific optical rotation -16.5 ° (c = 2, H2O) water-soluble solution |
| Use | Biochemical reagents, antidote, mainly used for heavy metals, acrylonitrile, fluoride, carbon monoxide and organic solvents and other poisoning |
GSH - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | MC0556000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 9-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29309070 |
GSH - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
- white powder or crystalline powder. Soluble in water, dilute ethanol, ammonia and dimethyl formamide, insoluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform, acetone. Melting point 195 °c.
- is widely distributed in animal and plant cells, and is more abundant in liver and crystal. It is the prosthetic group of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and the coenzyme of glyoxalase and triose phosphate dehydrogenase. It participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and sugar metabolism in the body, so that the human body can obtain high energy. It can activate the body (SH) enzyme, such as cholinesterase (associated with allergic diseases), protect the body from heavy metals and epoxy compounds. Can promote carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, but also can control the metabolic process of cells, and radioactive protection and inhibition of melanin pigmentation and other effects.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
GSH - Use
Open Data Verified Data
- antidote: it can detoxify the poisoning of acrylonitrile, fluoride, carbon monoxide, heavy metals and organic solvents. It has protective effect on erythrocyte membrane. Can prevent hemolysis, thereby reducing methemoglobin; Due to radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and due to radiation-induced bone marrow tissue inflammation, this product can improve its symptoms; Can inhibit the formation of fatty liver, can also improve the symptoms of toxic hepatitis and infectious hepatitis. Can anti-allergy, correct acetylcholine, cholinesterase imbalance; Prevent skin pigmentation; For ophthalmic inhibition of crystal protein thiol instability, inhibit progressive cataract and control the development of corneal and retinal diseases.
- usage and dose intramuscular or intravenous injection; Dissolve the product with the attached 2mL vitamin C injection, 50 ~ lOOmg each time, 1~2 times a day. Oral, 50 ~ lOOmg, QD. Eye Drops, 1~2 drops each time, 4~8 times a day.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:11:59
GSH - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- rash; Stomach pain, vomiting, subconjunctival injection of eye pain, Vomit, Nausea and injection of pain. High-dose injection with tachycardia, facial flushing. Avoid compatibility with vitamin K3, hydroxycobalt vitamins, calcium pantothenate, orotic acid, sulfonamides, chlortetracycline, etc. After dissolution, it is easy to oxidize to oxidized glutathione and reduce the efficacy, so it must be used within 3 weeks after dissolution. The remaining solution can no longer be used.
- storage protected from light.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:12:00
GSH - Nature
| melting point | 192-195°C (dec.) (lit.) |
| specific rotation | -16.5 ° (c=2, H2O) |
| boiling point | 754.5±60.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density | 1.4482 (rough estimate) |
| refractive index | -17 ° (C=2, H2O) |
| storage conditions | 2-8°C |
| solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| acidity coefficient (pKa) | pK1 2.12; pK2 3.53; pK3 8.66; pK4 9.12(at 25℃) |
| morphology | powder |
| color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH value | 3 (10g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| water solubility | soluble |
| Merck | 14,4475 |
| BRN | 1729812 |
| stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| InChIKey | RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
GSH - Features and functions
Glutathione is a tripeptide compound formed by the condensation of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine through peptide bonds. It is the most important low-molecular mercaptan in mammalian cells under antioxidant stress. It was discovered in 1921 and the chemical structure was determined in 1930. The famous American nutrition and health expert Dr. Al Mindell called glutathione an anti-aging amino acid with three times the efficacy. It is also known as the anti-oxidation master of nature. It has a colorless and transparent appearance. Slender granular crystals, soluble in water, dilute alcohol, liquid ammonia, dimethylformamide, insoluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone. Its properties are stable when solid, and its aqueous solution is easily oxidized to oxidized glutathione in the air. It is widely found in baker's yeast, wheat germ, animal liver, chicken blood, pig blood, tomato, pineapple and cucumber, among which wheat germ and animal liver are the highest, with a content of 100~1000mg/100g. It has the functions of anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals, detoxification, enhancing immunity, delaying aging, anti-cancer, and anti-radiation hazards. It also helps white blood cells kill bacteria, prevent oxidation of vitamins C and E, and prevent stroke and cataract formation. In addition, glutathione has the effect of binding carcinogens to expel them from the body through urine.
The liver is the most important detoxification organ of the human body. The rich glutathione (GSH) contained in it plays a protective role in liver synthesis, detoxification, estrogen inactivation and other functions. It is the body's primary antioxidant to counteract the damage of free radicals, which are contributing factors to aging and disease. When the liver is damaged, such as suffering from various liver diseases, the human body will consume a large amount of GSH to help the injured liver repair and detoxify itself, resulting in a substantial reduction of glutathione in the body. At this time, we need to take some glutathione drugs to help the injured liver repair itself. Therefore, glutathione drugs are suitable for viral hepatitis (such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, etc.), alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, fatty liver and other liver diseases.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
GSH - anti-allergic agent
| anti-allergic agent | has anti-allergic effect and can treat allergies caused by the imbalance of acetylcholine and cholinesterase in the human body. |
| liver protection agent | has the effect of protecting the liver and inhibiting the formation of fatty liver. It can not only be used as a liver protector, but also as a feed additive, which has a liver protection effect on fish and cattle. In breeding, too close stocking and unclean feed often lead to liver dysfunction in fish and dairy cows. Adding glutathione can improve liver function. |
| glutathione depletion | In glutathione binding, glutathione is catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase to combine with exogenous chemicals or their metabolites, thereby reducing toxicity and increasing polarity. It is a relatively important detoxification pathway in biotransformation. When the dose of the exogenous chemical suitable for this reaction is large, glutathione may be exhausted and metabolic saturation (metabolic saturation) may occur, so that the amount of binding per unit time no longer increases with the increase in the dose of the exogenous chemical. As a result, the toxicity of the corresponding exogenous chemicals is greatly increased, and its dose-response curve is extremely weak at low doses, and its toxicokinetics is also shown as nonlinear dynamics. Glutathione depletion is not necessarily due to an excessive dose of a certain exogenous chemical, but may also be due to another exogenous chemical competing for the binding effect, or due to low nutrition or tissue damage that reduces the supply of glutathione. Glutathione depletion in either case can cause toxic effects at doses that would otherwise be tolerated. |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
GSH - Use
| use | Reduced glutathione is a small molecule peptide, which exists in a large number of organisms, especially liver cells. It has the effect of protecting liver cell membrane, promoting liver enzyme activity, and combining with many toxic chemicals Play a detoxification effect. It has a good effect on liver injury, liver cirrhosis and other diseases caused by drug poisoning, alcoholism and other reasons. |
| use | has the functions of anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals, detoxification, enhancing immunity, delaying aging, anti-cancer, and anti-radiation hazards. |
| use | Uses: biochemical reagents, antidotes, mainly used for poisoning of heavy metals, acrylonitrile, fluoride, carbon monoxide and organic solvents |
| use | Biochemical research |
| use | Endogenous antioxidants that play an important role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species formed during cell metabolism and sudden respiration. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione sulfide with xenobiotics, leukotrienes and other molecules with electrophilic centers. Glutathione also forms disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Through these mechanisms, it can have a singular effect of reducing the effectiveness of anti-cancer agents. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
GSH - Food additive
| food additives | 1. when added to flour products, it can play a reducing role. It not only shortens the time for making bread to the original 1/2 or 1/3, but also greatly improves the working conditions, and plays a role in strengthening food nutrition and other functions. 2. Add it to yogurt and infant food, which is equivalent to vitamin C and can act as a stabilizer. 3. Mix it into the fish cake to prevent the color from deepening. 4. It is added to meat products, cheese and other foods to strengthen flavor. |
| foods rich in glutathione | onion, garlic, tomato, fish, shrimp, mutton, chili. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:04:55
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