Gallium
Gallium atomic absorption standard solution
CAS: 7440-55-3
Molecular Formula: Ga
Gallium - Names and Identifiers
Gallium - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Ga |
| Molar Mass | 69.72 |
| Density | 5.904g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 29.8°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 2403°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | reacts with alkalies to evolve H2 [MER06] |
| Vapor Presure | 0.001Pa at 726.85℃ |
| Appearance | Solid and/or Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 5.904 |
| Color | Silvery or grayish metallic |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 13,4367 |
| Storage Condition | 0-6°C |
| Stability | Stable, but moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, halogens, strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | air sensitive, moisture sensitive |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Golden yellow, with metallic luster, soft and ductile (face-centered cubic crystal). Melting point 1064.43 °c. Boiling point 3080 °c. The relative density was 19.3. Soluble in aqua regia, potassium cyanide, insoluble in acid, cold water and hot water. At room temperature, the surface can be corroded by a halogen solution. Very inactive, not acid, air or oxygen corrosion. Goods are often made into sponge, powder, etc. |
| Use | For the preparation of gallium salts used as heat exchange media in nuclear reactors |
Gallium - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R34 - Causes burns R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
| UN IDs | UN 3264 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | LW8600000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 81129290 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
Gallium - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
liquid silver-white, solid blue-white soft metal, orthorhombic system. Melting point 29. 78 °c; Boiling point about 2400 °c; d20.65 (solid) 5.9037 ;d29.8 (liquid) 0947. Soluble in acid, insoluble in water, alkali aqueous solution. It is ductile in the solid state, quite stable in air, and almost identical to silver in the liquid state. Significant anisotropy.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Gallium - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
using 99. 99% gallium metal as raw material, the purity of high purity gallium is not less than 99. 999% by electrolytic refining and other processes. With 99. 999% high purity gallium as raw material, the purity of high purity gallium is no less than 99. 99999%.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:05
Gallium - Use
Open Data Verified Data
high purity gallium is mainly used for the production of GaAs, GaN, Gap and other compound semiconductor materials, superconducting materials, high purity alloys, heat carriers of nuclear reactors and so on. It can also be used as a single crystal silicon, single crystal germanium doping element. Purity of 99. 99999%(7N gallium) is mainly used in the manufacture of gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, gallium antimonide, etc., for the manufacture of LED and infrared devices. The purity is 99. 999999% (8N gallium), which is mainly used as gallium source for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to manufacture the most advanced semiconductor devices such as superlattice and quantum well. High purity gallium can also be used as an additive for permanent magnetic materials and other gold.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:06
Gallium - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
should be stored in a clean, dry and cool warehouse. Avoid contact with acids and halogens. The product shall be protected from rain, moisture and sun during transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:06
Gallium - Reference Information
| resistivity | 25.795 ***-CM, 30°C |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Application | different purity gallium uses are also different, such as: 4N metal gallium ≥ 99.99% can be used for photovoltaic substrates, magnetic materials, high temperature thermometers, low melting point alloys, optical glass, etc. 5N metal gallium is greater than or equal to 99.999% can be used for heat conduction medium and the production of high temperature vacuum pump, ultraviolet light bulb and so on. 6N high purity gallium is greater than or equal to 99.9999% can be used for LED with GaAs,GaP,GaSb, and NB-Fe-B advanced magnetic materials. 7N high purity gallium is greater than or equal to 99.99999% for the system of insulating GaAs, for the IC substrate. 8N(MBE) ultra pure gallium ≥ ∞% can be used for the source of molecular beam epitaxy, the fabrication of GaN blue LED and LD, microwave circuits, quantum devices. The melting point of gallium can be used as a temperature reference point. Gallium alloy can also be used in thermometers, as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to Mercury, and can withstand higher temperatures than Mercury. Gallium-indium-tin alloys (62-95% gallium, 5-22% indium, and 0-16% tin) have a relatively low melting point of -19°C(-2 °F), well below the freezing point of water. Since its discovery in 1875, gallium has been used in the manufacture of low melting point alloys. It is also used in semiconductors as a dopant for semiconductor substrates. |
| Introduction | gallium is a chemical element, chemical symbol "Ga", atomic order 31, group 13 of the periodic table of the elements is a lean metal with similar properties to aluminum, indium, and thallium. In nature, it is often scattered in trace amounts in zinc ore, bauxite ore and other ores. At standard temperature and pressure, gallium is a soft, silvery metal; At low temperatures it is a brittle solid. Temperatures above 29.76°C(85.57 °F) are liquid, so the metal melts into the hands of a person (the average person's body temperature is 37°C(99 °F)). |
| History of discovery | in 1871, the Russian Chemical shijialiev predicted the existence of "Gallium" with his periodic law of elements, it is referred to as "eka-aluminium", which means "element under Aluminum" (element in the next row of aluminum). Its density, melting point, oxidation characteristics, and bonding of chlorine are comparable to the real value of "Gallium" found later. In 1875, de Bodelan detection in the atomic spectrum of zinc blende samples, found two purple spectral lines, and later through the electrolysis of Gallium hydroxide potassium hydroxide solution to obtain gallium. De bodrand named the element "Gallia", which in Latin is the name for the French Galli. It is also thought to be a pun in a different language and to be named by his name (which includes "Lecoq"): Le coq is in the French meaning of "roster, the latter in Latin is the" sling "(gallus, similar to gallium Galium) meaning. However, in 1877 de boodlan wrote an article negating this speculation. Debodelan originally thought that the density of Gallium was 4.7g/cm3, which was not consistent with the values predicted by mendelev. At the suggestion of mendoev, de bodran re-measured and obtained almost the same value as that predicted by mendoev: 5.9g/cm3. Since the discovery of gallium in 1875 and the era of semiconductors today, gallium has been mainly used in high temperature thermometers and in the manufacture of alloys with high stability or easy melting. |
| Source | 67Ga does not exist in the natural environment and is mainly produced by proton bombardment of zinc targets accelerated by cyclotron, the nuclear reaction formula is 68Zn(p,2n)67Ga. |
| preparation | gallium is a by-product of the aluminum and zinc smelting processes, whereas gallium is rarely obtained from sphalerite. Most of the gallium was extracted from the aluminum hydroxide solution roughened in the Bayer process. Sodium gallate is obtained by electrolysis of a mercury cell and hydrolysis of the amalgam in sodium hydroxide, and gallium is obtained by electrolysis. Semiconductor gallium is then purified by zone melting techniques, or extraction of a single crystal from the melt (I. E., the chip's method). 99.9999% pure gallium has been routinely available and is widely used commercially. |
| Use | the semiconductor industry is used as a gold plating material. for the manufacture of compound semiconductor materials and high-purity alloys. Used as a heat exchange medium in a nuclear reactor. for the preparation of gallium salts for use as heat exchange media in nuclear reactors |
| production method | industrial production with industrial grade metal gallium as raw material, electrolysis method, reduced pressure distillation method, step crystallization method, high purity gallium was obtained by further purification by zone melting method. The purity of high-purity gallium is greater than or equal to 99.99% by electrolytic refining process with 99.999% industrial grade gallium as raw material. The purity of high purity gallium ≥ 99.999% was obtained by drawing single crystal or other purification process with high purity gallium ≥ 99.99999% as raw material. The high-purity gold chloride solution was added into the reactor, and oxalic acid was added under stirring for reduction reaction, followed by filtration and washing with ion-free water to obtain a high-purity gold product. |
| category | corrosive article |
| flammability hazard characteristics | generation of flammable hydrogen gas in case of alkali |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| extinguishing agent | carbon dioxide, sand |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:05:07
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