| plant extract | Red axle extract from Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L. Dried stems and extracts with flowers and leaves were prepared, and commercial extracts were typically normalized to contain 8, 20% and 40% of chickpea sprouts. Red clover is an ancient crop, mainly used for cattle, horses, sheep to increase lactation feed. Red clover originated in Europe, introduced to the United States, early people use flowers and leaves to treat eczema, burns, ulcers, psoriasis and other skin diseases; Western people usually use its flowers and leaves to make tea or put in the soup, because it has spasmolytic effects, can be used for asthma and bronchitis, but also anti-cancer drugs. The red clover collection is contained in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1996 edition. |
| Base Source | is a dried whole grass of Trifolium pratense L., a leguminous plant. [Alias] red clover, red grass, safflower alfalfa, safflower car, Clover. [Distribution of crude drugs] many fields are located in hilly, mountain slope and plain, with strong adaptability, and the general soil can be planted. At an altitude of 500 ~ 800m, the light loam soil with fertile land is planted, and the yield is higher and the quality is better. The thin and arid land is short in growth and low in yield. Widely distributed in Europe, the British Islands and China and other countries. China is mainly distributed in the Northeast, North China, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Yunnan and other places. |
| plant morphology | perennial herb, 30-80cm in height, with sparse hairs. Leaves with 3 leaflets, alternate; Petiole long; Leaflets Oval or long-elliptic, 3-5cm long, Apex obtuse or concave, base rounded-wedge, margin with pilose antler, finely serrated, the Apex was very sharp. Flowers numerous, densely integrated capitate in racemes, out of leaf axillae, with large involucre, involucre ovoid, calyx tube-shaped, calyx teeth 5, sharp, with long hairs; Coronal-butterfly, pale red or purple; Stamens 10, two; Pistil 1, style filiform, without fluff. The pod is small, encapsulated in a persistent calyx, mostly containing 1 seed. Seeds reniform, yellow-brown or yellow-purple. |
| Main ingredients | The main active ingredients of the red axle are isoflavones, chickpea dentin A and B (For-mononetin). Soybean isoflavone (Daidzein), Genistein and their corresponding glycosides: sision, Ononin, Daidzin, the dye Genistin, in which chickpea sprouts A and B are the two most important isoflavones. |
| pharmacological action | 1. Phytoestrogen-like effect of red axle extract in the mouth of the bean sprouts A, B and other isoflavones have estrogen-like effect, the hormone level in the human body has A two-way regulation effect: when the estrogen level in the human body is low, the isoflavones can provide additional estrogen-like effects. When the level of estrogen in the human body is increased, the isoflavones can bind to estrogen receptors and prevent the binding of the body's own hormones, thereby reducing estrogen levels. 2. Anti-cancer effect red axle extract contains high concentrations of isoflavones, is A potential anti-cancer drugs, A large number of evidence points out that chickpea sprouts A, genistein can inhibit the formation of cancer, isoflavones can reduce the risk of cancer. Antispasmodic effect the extract of red axons (flavonoids) was administered orally to anesthetized white rabbits and was observed to be effective in small intestinal peristalsis and to have a similar effect to acetylcholine in increasing intestinal pressure. 4. Hypolipidemic effect of oral administration, daily 200mg/kg, continuous administration of 10 days, total flavonoids can make the serum cholesterol in mice from 63.0mg% to 32.5~48.3mg%, liver cholesterol decreased from 2.16mg/g to 1.84~1.85mg/g, serum triglyceride decreased from 8.2mg/g to 6.7~6.9mg/g, it can also prevent hyperlipidemia caused by friton VVR-1339 and the accumulation of triglycerides in liver and serum caused by ethanol, and inhibit the effect of epinephrine stimulated lipolysis. 5. Anti-arrhythmic effect administration of red axle extract (isoflavone) 3-5 minutes before administration of aconitine to mice can prevent arrhythmia, and the median lethal dose ED50 is 69mg/kg. 6. Antioxidant effect red axle isoflavone has the function of starting the antioxidant system in the body, obviously promoting the activity of GPx and other enzymes, scavenging the effect of free radicals, and preventing the damage of cells by free radicals. |
| preparation method | Red axle extract (12%) production process crude drug, reduced pressure recovered to 10~12 wave (heat) concentrate, the concentrated solution was stirred and centrifuged, and the centrifugal residue was treated and vacuum dried to obtain a dry extract, which was crushed and passed through a 60 mesh screen, mixed and packaged. The isoflavone content of the process product is 14% ~ 20%, and the yield is 1%~ 2%. (2015-09-14) |
| analytical method | thin layer chromatography (TLC) Method: Take 0.03g of the extract of the red axle, add 60% methanol (V/V) 8.0, ultrasonic 30 minutes, after cooling Suction filtration, take the filtrate as a test solution. Then take the rutin control and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.25mg per 1ml as a control solution. Take 20 μl of each of the above two kinds of solutions, respectively point on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-anhydrous formic acid-water (100:11:11:27) as the developing solvent, expand, take out, dry, put under UV light (365nm) to view. In the chromatogram of the test sample, on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control extract, the orange spots of the same color are displayed, and the depth of the spots is basically the same, and on the position where the Rf ratio of the chromatogram of the control substance is 1.3~1.4, orange spots of the same color. |
| clinical efficacy | isoflavones in red axles have phytoestrogen-like effects, it can be used for the prevention and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in women with elevated estrogen, menopausal syndrome with decreased estrogen, prostate cancer, breast cancer, pertussis, asthma, tracheitis, eczema, burns, ulcers, psoriasis and other diseases. In addition can be used to treat red axle estrogen disease is uterine fibroids and endometriosis. |
| Application Overview | The Red axle is very popular in the world, and the original herbs or extracts of the red axle are widely used in the treatment of menopausal syndrome and premenstrual syndrome, for example, the United States of America Promensil tablet is each containing red clover extract 294mg, equivalent to containing four chickpea isoflavones 40mg extract preparation, annual sales of more than $56 million; In addition, different specifications of the red axle extract is also widely used as a food supplement. In our country, the red axle is mainly used as forage or feed. At present, the red clover is used as raw material to develop anti-aging health food, such as Hongchang Qing capsule. |