Name | Levamisole |
Synonyms | lepuron levomysol Levamisole LEVAMISOLE l-tetramisole LEVAMISOLE BASE Levamisole base IMMUNOPURE(R) PHOSPHATASE SUPPRESSOR (s)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole L-6-PHENYL-2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDROIMIDAZOL(2,1-B) THIAZOLE 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole |
CAS | 14769-73-4 |
EINECS | 238-836-5 |
InChI | InChI=1/C11H12N2S.ClH/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10;/h1-5,10H,6-8H2;1H/t10-;/m1./s1 |
Molecular Formula | C11H12N2S |
Molar Mass | 204.29 |
Density | 1.32±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 60-61.5° |
Boling Point | 344.4±45.0 °C(Predicted) |
Specific Rotation(α) | D25 -85.1° (c = 10 in chloroform) |
Flash Point | 162.1°C |
Vapor Presure | 6.61E-05mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
pKa | 10.00±0.40(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,2-8°C |
Use | Used as an anti-helminth drug |
Reference Show more | 1. [IF=3.267] Wen Zhang et al."Immunomodulatory Effects of the Meretrix Meretrix Oligopeptide (QLNWD) on Immune-Deficient Mice."Molecules. 2019 Jan;24(24):4452 |
EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
Common nematode repellent | Levamisole is also known as levamisole, levamisole, and insect repellent speed. It is the L-isomer of thiamidazole. It is commonly used as its hydrochloride or phosphate, which is white or white-like crystalline powder; odorless, bitter, easily soluble in water, and soluble in ethanol. Phosphate is slightly soluble. It is easy to decompose and fail in alkaline aqueous solution. |
pharmacokinetics | oral administration: good absorption. Blood drug peak: 5h. Metabolism: liver. Excretion: urine. |
pharmacological action | levamisole is a synthetic broad-spectrum anthelmintic. after entering the insect body, it inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the muscle of the insect body, so that fumaric acid cannot be reduced to succinate, sugar metabolism is impaired, energy production is insufficient, and the muscle of the insect body is paralyzed and excreted from the body. |
clinical application | levamisole is commonly used in deworming of various animals and is effective for both adults and larvae. There are eye-repellent parasites for a variety of nematodes. For poultry, it can be used to expel a variety of thread removal effects. For pigs, it can be used for nematodes, Trichocephalus, Rimeria nematodes), and crumpled stomach parasites (Haemophilus, Oster nematodes) to remove roundworms, Intestinal nematodes (Strongyloides), nodule worms (esophageal mouth nematodes) and kidney worms in the ureter (crowns) are also effective. For dogs, it can be used to repel roundworms, hookworms and heartworms. |
preparation, usage and dosage | tablets, 25mg, 50mg. Oral administration, mixed feeding or drinking water, one dose, cattle, sheep and pigs 7.5~8 mg/kg; Poultry 25 mg/kg; Dogs and cats 10 mg/kg. subcutaneous injection, injection, 2ml :0.1g, 5ml :0.25g, 10ml :0.5mg. Intramuscular and subcutaneous injection, one dose, cattle, sheep, pigs 7.5~8 mg/kg; Poultry 25 mg/kg; Dogs and cats 10 mg/kg. rub, 100ml :10g. Levamisole wipe ear root coating, pig one dose, 1~1.2ml/kg. |
precautions | except for single-stomach animal pulmonary nematode disease, which should be injected to prevent poisoning, oral administration is generally appropriate. This product is used with caution for horses and is forbidden for camels. Injecting twice the therapeutic amount of levamisole phosphate into cattle can cause mild mental depression, salivation and lip licking in 2/3 of cattle, these symptoms disappeared within 1h after treatment; pigs taking 3 times the therapeutic amount of levamisole sometimes caused vomiting. Pigs with adult pulmonary filarial worms have vomiting and cough when used for treatment. This is the reaction of the worm, which can disappear within a few hours; chickens can tolerate levamisole well, and the half lethal dose is 2.75g/kg. The application of levamisole hydrochloride at a therapeutic dose (30~40 mg/kg) has no adverse effect on egg production, fertilization rate and hatching rate. However, pigeons are sensitive and will vomit after use. Cats are used for the treatment of pulmonary nematodes (Trichoderma trichoderma). After medication, a large number of abortion will occur, so pay attention to observation. |
drug withdrawal period | drug withdrawal 7 days before slaughter of meat animals. |
use | as anti-worm drug |