Lecithin
Lecithin
CAS:
Molecular Formula: C42H80NO8P
Lecithin - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Lecithin |
| Synonyms | Lecithin Danhuangluanlinzhi The egg yolk lecithin |
Lecithin - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C42H80NO8P |
| Molar Mass | 758.06 |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Storage Condition | -20℃ |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | This product is a milky white or light yellow powder or waxy solid, with a slight odor, and a slight greasy feeling when touched. |
| Use | Biochemical research, the main structural phospholipids in the brain. |
Lecithin - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Huang Qiuwei, Mao Liyan, long Lingyun, etc. Study on anti-lipid peroxidation effect of saw palmetto berry oil in vitro [J]. Agricultural Research and Application, 2019(3). 2. Wang, Shihui, et al. "Effects of proanthocyandins on porcine pancreatic lipase: Formation, activity, kinetics and thermodynamics." Process Biochemistry 49.2 (2014): 237-243.https:// doi.org/10.1016/j. Procbio.2013. 10.018 3. Yanping Wu, Yue Xiao, Yuxi Yue, Kai Zhong, Yinglan Zhao, Hong Gao, A deep insight into mechanism for inclusion of 2R,3R-dihydromyricetin with cyclodextrins and the effect of complexation on antioxidant and lipid-lowering activities, Food Hydrocolloids, Vol 4. [IF=6.321] Ting Zhang et al."Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Breviscapine Nanosuspension and Its Freeze-Dried Powder."Pharmaceutics. 2022 May;14(5):923 |
Lecithin - Introduction
Soluble in alcohol, ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, insoluble in acetone, water, acetate. It's hygroscopic. Swelling in water to form a gelatinous liquid. In case of air and light, the color becomes darker. Median lethal dose (rat, abdominal cavity) 122mg/kg. There is a zwitterionic state at any pH, so it has a surface active effect.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:40:52
Lecithin - Reference Information
| Overview | egg yolk lecithin is a phospholipid composed of glycerol, choline, phosphoric acid, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, it is composed of cell membrane, nuclear membrane, plastid membrane and other basic components of biological membranes; With scavenging free radicals, delaying aging, improving lipid metabolism, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, involved in the formation of cell membranes, enhance immune function, promote nerve conduction, improve brain vitality, anti-tumor and promote the absorption of vitamin A, D, E and other physiological activities, widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries. Figure 1 shows that egg yolk lecithin comes from egg yolk |
| Source | this strain uses egg yolk powder as raw material, treated with acetone, deoiled, dehydrated, then the purified phospholipid mixture was extracted with anhydrous ethanol. With anhydrous calculation, phosphorus (P) should be 3.5% ~ 4.1%, nitrogen (N) should be 1.75% ~ 1.95%, containing phosphatidylcholine should be greater than 72.0%, containing phosphatidylethanolamine should not exceed 18.0%. |
| composition | egg yolk lecithin (in a broad sense) is a mixture consisting mainly of lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, PC for short), phosphatidylethanolamine (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl etholamines, PE for short) and sphingomyelin (sphingomyelin, SPM for short). From the phospholipid content can be divided into crude egg yolk lecithin (phospholipid content of about 30%, generally used as health products) and refined lecithin (phospholipid content ≥ 90%). |
| preparation method | 1. Organic Solvent extraction method organic solvent method is most commonly used, the principle is that the solubility of each component in egg yolk and different phospholipid components in organic solvents is different. The key of solvent extraction method is to find a good solvent or solvent system, which should have good solubility and selectivity to the target product to be extracted. Its advantages are high separation efficiency, short production cycle, easy to realize automation; The disadvantage is that the purity of lecithin is not high, the processing time is long, and there is a problem of organic solvent residue. Egg yolk fat, neutral fat and free fatty acids can be removed by acetone, acetone-insoluble phospholipid precipitation, then use low-carbon alcohol, n-hexane, A solvent such as diethyl ether separates the lecithin dissolved therein from other phospholipids insoluble in these solvents. Can also be extracted lecithin and then oil. 2. New Technology Assisted Organic Solvent extraction (1) metal ion complex precipitation purification method some inorganic salts can be mixed with lecithin to form complex precipitation, so that the egg yolk lecithin is separated from the solvent, and then the appropriate solvent extraction is used to wash away the inorganic salts, purified egg yolk lecithin was obtained. The advantage of this method is that the purity of the product is high; The disadvantage is that the process steps are complicated. (2) ultrasonic enhanced extraction ultrasonic extraction of the use of ultrasonic cavitation to accelerate the dissolution of the effective components of animals and plants, time-saving, low cost. The optimum conditions were as follows: ultrasonic frequency 26kHz, extraction temperature 25 ℃, solvent ethanol 95% (volume concentration), dosage 15L/kg, extraction time 30min. The extraction rate was 23.7% higher than that of the conventional extraction. (3) microwave-assisted extraction method microwave extraction is a treatment method that uses microwave energy and solvent to extract target compounds from different matrices, high efficiency, strong selectivity, low energy consumption and other advantages. (4) High voltage pulsed electric field assisted extraction method high voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) is the liquid food as electrolyte in the container, and the two discharge electrodes insulated from the container through the high voltage current, A processing method for generating an electrical pulse to act on it. Supercritical CO2 extraction supercritical CO2 extraction is a new technology which is simple, solvent-free and selective, and has been developed rapidly in the fields of food and medicine in recent years. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction pressure was 30MPa, the extraction temperature was 50 ℃, the extraction time was 150min, the flow rate was 20L/h, and then the lecithin was extracted from the deoiled phospholipids by adding ethanol to the CO2 fluid, the extraction rate was up to 82.9%. However, compared with the direct use of ethanol extraction, supercritical CO2 entrained ethanol extraction of egg yolk lecithin solvent dosage, time-consuming, High operating costs, not easy to achieve large-scale production. (2) Super (sub) critical propane extraction method using propane as extraction solvent. Supercritical Extraction of egg yolk lecithin has higher operating pressure, larger amount of solvent, and propane extraction pressure is lower, the dissolution ability is strong, can reduce the production cost. Lecithin, a heat-sensitive substance, can be extracted in a subcritical state (the extraction pressure and temperature are lower than the critical pressure and critical temperature of the solvent), further reducing the production cost. The critical pressure of propane was 4.26MPa and the critical temperature was 96.8 °c. Purification by column chromatography at present, the research on column chromatography mainly focuses on purification by using silica gel and alumina as stationary phases. The crude phosphatide extracted from egg yolk by diethyl ether was purified by chromatography using neutral aluminum oxide as stationary phase. The purity of the purified phosphatide determined by digestion method was 99.6%. Refined Egg lecithin by mixed bed ion exchange resin. Under the optimum resin ratio, the yield of PC can reach more than 80%. Through the breakthrough curve experiment, the product with PC content more than 92%(wt%) was obtained. |
| identification method | 1. Take 0.1g of this product, place it in the crucible, add 3g of sodium carbonate-potassium carbonate (2:1), mix well, heat with micro fire, and the generated gas can turn blue on the moistened red litmus paper. 2. Take about 100mg of residue left under Item (1) of identification, slowly burn until all carbonized compounds disappear, cool, add 30ml of water, slightly heat to dissolve the residue, filter, and place the filtrate in a test tube, sulfuric acid was added dropwise until no bubbles were generated. 4 more drops of sulfuric acid and a little potassium molybdate were added. |
| determination method | The determination methods of lecithin mainly include thin layer scanning method, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry. For egg yolk lecithin, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is more common. HPLC detection of egg yolk lecithin can be n-hexane-isopropanol-glacial acetic acid-water solution or acetonitrile-methanol-water solution as mobile phase, the column is generally used C18 column. Commonly used detectors for high performance liquid chromatography are ultraviolet detector (UV) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), as well as differential refractive index detector (RI). The detection limit and precision of UV are better than ELSD, But UV is selective. Egg yolk lecithin often causes different fatty acid components in the molecule due to different raw materials, so the response value is unstable and the error is large. The evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is a universal detector, which is sensitive and has a wide range of mobile phase selection, but it is expensive. |
| assay | 1. Preparation of phosphorus (1) reference solution about 105g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate dried to constant weight at 0.13 ℃ was accurately weighed, placed in a 100ml measuring flask, dissolved with water and diluted to the scale, take 10ml and put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with water, and shake it well to get it (about 30 μg of phosphorus per 1ml). (2) preparation of test solution weigh about 0.1g of this product accurately, put it in the crucible, add 2ml of chloroform to dissolve, add 2g of zinc oxide, steam dry in water bath, slowly burn to carbonize the sample, then flash at 600 ° C for 1 hour, let it cool, add 10ml of hydrochloric acid solution (1 → 2), boil for 5 minutes to dissolve the residue, quantitatively transfer it to a measuring flask with water, and dilute to the mark with water, shake well. (3) determination of precision take the standard 0ml, 2ml, 4ml, 6ml, 10ml, respectively, put 25ml flask, respectively, followed by 10ml of water, ammonium molybdate sulfuric acid solution (take 5g of ammonium molybdate, 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution 0.5 ml was added to dissolve, 1ml), hydroquinone sulfuric acid solution (0.25g of hydroquinone, mol/L sulfuric acid solution ML was added to dissolve, obtained. Immediately use fresh) 1ml with 50% sodium acetate solution 3ml, and dilute with water to the scale, shake, and place for 5 minutes. According to UV-visible spectrophotometry (2010 edition of pharmacopoeia II Appendix IV A), with the first bottle as blank, absorbance was measured at the wavelength of 720nm, the regression equation was calculated from the measured absorbance and its corresponding concentration. In addition, 4ml of the sample solution was accurately measured, and the sample was placed in a 25ml measuring flask. The sample was measured by the same method according to the above method from "adding 10ml of water respectively in sequence. Calculated from the regression equation. 2. Take about 0.1g of this product for nitrogen, measure and calculate it according to the nitrogen determination method (second method in Appendix VII D of volume II of Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition). (1) phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix V D, Part II, Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition). Determination: the appropriate amount of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine was accurately weighed, dissolved and quantitatively diluted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) to prepare 50 μg of phosphatidylcholine per 1ml, 100 μg, 150 μg, 200 μg, 300 μg, 400μg with phosphatidylethanolamine 5 μg, 10 μg, 15 μg, 20 μg, solutions of 30 μg and 40 μg were used as control solutions. 20 μl of each of the above control solutions were injected into the liquid chromatograph, and the chromatogram was recorded. The regression equation was calculated by the logarithmic value of the concentration of the reference solution and the corresponding peak area. Another precision weigh about 15mg of this product, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, add chloroform-methanol (2:1) to dissolve and dilute to the scale, shake well, take 20 μl precision, injection liquid chromatograph, record chromatogram. The contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were calculated by regression equation. |
| pharmacological action | 1. Scavenging free radicals, delaying the aging of the body egg yolk lecithin has antioxidant function, can repair the damaged biofilm, delay the aging of the body. Animal body with the growth of the day (years) of age, the ability to scavenge free radicals decline, excessive free radicals and unsaturated fatty acids, the formation of lipid peroxides (754),754 is a very active crosslinking agent, rapid cross-linking with 18 to form a fluorescent pigment, followed by binding with proteins, peptides and lipids to form lamellar lipofuscin, which can compress and deform organelles and damage the metabolic transmission function of neurons. Egg yolk lecithin has the ability to remove free radicals, which has a significant effect on maintaining the stability of water content in the stratum corneum of the skin and inhibiting the formation of lipofuscin in keratinocytes, and plays a role in delaying aging. In addition, egg yolk lecithin also has good anti-lipid oxidation function. 2. Improve lipid metabolism, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, participate in the composition of cell membrane egg yolk lecithin with emulsification, decomposition of oil, can improve serum lipid, remove peroxide, improve blood circulation, significantly reduce serum triglyceride, total cholesterol content, increase the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL), reduce the residence time of fat in the inner wall of blood vessels, promote the dissipation of atherosclerotic plaques, and prevent the intimal damage caused by cholesterol. Egg yolk lecithin is also an important component of biological membrane in animal cells. Ingestion of lecithin can improve membrane phospholipid components, increase membrane fluidity and enzyme activity. If the membrane phospholipid is too saturated fatty acid, the membrane becomes hard, and PC has a function of changing the saturated fatty acid of the membrane phospholipid into an unsaturated fatty acid, so that the membrane fluidity can be increased. In addition, PC can promote lipoprotein synthesis and regeneration, protect mitochondria and microsomal membranes of cells from damage, prevent cell degeneration of membrane structure stabilization, escape of intracellular enzymes to the outside of cells, maintain intracellular enzyme activity, improve glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, etc. 3. Prevent fatty liver, protect cell membrane egg yolk lecithin can provide choline for the body, choline is an essential biological active substance for animal body, has a regulatory effect on fat metabolism, methyl conversion, with the maintenance of cell structure, promote liver cell regeneration, prevent fatty liver and other functions. PC, the main component of egg yolk lecithin, is more easily absorbed by the body as organic choline. Egg yolk lecithin contains a certain amount of arachidonic acid, can provide the animal needs. Arachidonic acid belongs to the w-6 series of essential fatty acids, which is closely related to the maintenance of cell membrane biological function. It is the precursor of endogenous cell regulatory factors, and has the functions of reducing serum cholesterol and protecting liver. 4. Enhancing immune function the lipids used in immunological studies are generally lecithin, cholesterol and negatively charged diphthalein phospholipids or phosphatidic acid and positively charged decane. Egg yolk lecithin is the most important component of liposomes. Liposomes composed of phospholipids can contain water-soluble substances, and some antigens can bind to the lipid layer in liposomes through covalent or non-covalent chains. This property has been paid attention to in immunology. Compared with other liposomes, phospholipids do not cause granuloma at the injection site due to their good biodegradation properties, and can prevent the embedded antigen from causing allergic reactions. The antigen and hapten carried by the liposome can regulate the corresponding immune function, and the antigen embedded in the liposome can increase the titer of the antibody compared with the free antigen. 5. Promote nerve conduction, improve brain vitality egg yolk lecithin by digestion (release of choline, choline and acetyl coenzyme) by choline acetyltransferase catalyzed reaction to produce acetylcholine, acetylcholine is the chemical transmitter of all synapses, muscular nerve junctions, all parasympathetic postganglionic fibers and some postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nerve between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system, the increase of its content can promote the rapid enhancement of brain synapses, so that the speed of information transmission between nerve cells in the brain is accelerated, and the memory and learning ability are improved. In addition, egg yolk lecithin can also treat a variety of neurological disorders. 6. In addition to the above functions, egg yolk lecithin also has anti-tumor and promote the absorption of vitamin A, D and E. |
| Application | 1. Pharmaceutical egg yolk lecithin can be used to make liposomes, which can deliver the drug directly to the diseased area, liposomes formed by egg yolk lecithin and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol at a certain molar ratio can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Lecithin can also be used as an emulsifier in fat injection and as a raw material for the synthesis of other drugs. 2. Food industry in the food industry, egg yolk lecithin can be used as health care products, emulsifiers and flavors. Infants and young children need arachidonic acid and DHA, but their own lack of arachidonic acid synthesis enzymes, only through food intake. Because the level of arachidonic acid and DHA in egg yolk lecithin is close to that of breast milk, and the fatty acid balance is high, the egg yolk lecithin as raw material can be made into infant milk powder. 3. In cosmetics, egg yolk lecithin is used as an emulsifier in cosmetics, which can stimulate the growth of hair and has a certain effect on the treatment of seborrheic alopecia. The purified or modified lecithin is more stable in acid-base medium than natural lecithin, has good dispersibility in water, and is more suitable for cosmetics. Feed Industry egg yolk lecithin is widely used in the feed industry, the effect is remarkable. Adding phospholipids in the feed of broilers can improve the growth status, increase the storage of VA in the liver, and promote the growth of bone. Fish, shrimp at different growth stages also need to add lecithin in the feed. Other egg yolk lecithin can also be used for crop fungicides, fruit and flower preservatives, ink emulsifiers, petroleum products. (2015-11-04) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:45:29
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Multiple SpecificationsSpot supply
Product Name: Lecithin Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotationTel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
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