Malicacidpfelsure
DL-Malic acid
CAS: 617-48-1;6915-15-7
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Malicacidpfelsure - Names and Identifiers
| Name | DL-Malic acid |
| Synonyms | C00711 Malic acid DL-Malic acid MALIC ACID, DL- Malicacidpfelsure Musashi-no-Ringosan DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid (2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate |
| CAS | 617-48-1 6915-15-7 |
| EINECS | 210-514-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-2/t2-/m1/s1 |
Malicacidpfelsure - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H6O5 |
| Molar Mass | 134.09 |
| Density | 1,609 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 131-133°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 150℃[at 101 325 Pa] |
| Specific Rotation(α) | [α]D20 -0.5～+0.5° (c=5, H2O) |
| Flash Point | 203°C |
| Water Solubility | 500g/L at 25℃ |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, insoluble in benzene. |
| Vapor Presure | <0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 4.6 (vs air) |
| Appearance | White crystal or crystalline powder |
| Color | White to Off-White |
| pKa | pK1:3.458;pK2:5.097 (25°C) |
| Storage Condition | Refrigerator |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines, alkali metals, carbonates. |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to light |
| MDL | MFCD00064212 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character malic acid is stable under normal conditions, and has hygroscopicity when humidity is high. Triclinic white crystals. melting point 130 ℃ relative density 1.601 soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone and many other polar solvents. |
| Use | Food industry used as acidulants, color retention agents, preservatives and emulsion stabilizers such as egg yolk, also used in pharmaceutical |
Malicacidpfelsure - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. R34 - Causes burns |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | ON7175000 |
Malicacidpfelsure - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Maleic acid |
Malicacidpfelsure - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
odorless or slightly special odor of white crystals, triclinic system. Because there is an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule, there is optical rotation. There are three forms, namely D-malic acid, L-malic acid and mixtures thereof DL-malic acid.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Malicacidpfelsure - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
benzene is catalytically oxidized to give maleic acid and fumaric acid, which are then subjected to hydration at high temperature and pressure. The reaction products are mainly malic acid and a small amount of fumaric acid. The fumaric acid crystals are separated by filtration, concentrated in the mother liquor, and centrifuged to separate the solid to obtain crude malic acid, which is then refined and crystallized to obtain a finished product. It can also be obtained by fermentation or extraction.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:51
Malicacidpfelsure - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is (K S ) - ( ±) -hydroxybutanedioic acid. Calculated as anhydrous, containing C4Hs()5 shall not be less than 99.9%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Malicacidpfelsure - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is white crystalline powder; Odorless, tasteless.
- This product is soluble in water or ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone.
melting point
The melting point of this product (General rule 0612) is 128~1 3 2°C.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:15
Malicacidpfelsure - Use
Open Data Verified Data
malic acid can form chelates with metal ions and can be used to remove metal corrosion products (rust). Can be used alone or in combination with other organic acids, used as metal cleaning agent.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:51
Malicacidpfelsure - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take about 0.5g of this product, Add 10ml of water to dissolve, adjust p H value to Neutral with concentrated ammonia solution, add 1% sulfanilic acid solution lm l, and heat in boiling water bath for 5 minutes, add 5ml of 20% sodium nitrite solution, heat in water bath for 3 minutes, add 5 m l of 4% sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution should be red immediately.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of DL-malic acid reference substance (General rule 0402).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:15
Malicacidpfelsure - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
DL-malic acid and L-Apple are safe and non-toxic substances, and can be used as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, auxiliary drugs and pH control agents. In the United States, Hard Candy should not be more than 6.9%, and other food is about 0. 7%, but these two kinds of malic acid should not be used in baby food.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:29:51
Malicacidpfelsure - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
clarity and color of solution
take 10,0g of this product, add 100ml of water to dissolve, check according to law (General rule 0901 and general rule 0902), the solution should be clear and colorless; If it is turbid, compared with No. 1 turbidity standard solution (General Principles 0902 first method), should not be more concentrated.
optical rotation
take this product, precision weighing, adding water to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to make about 0 per lm l. 2 g of the solution, according to the determination (General 0621), specific rotation for a 0. 10 ° to +0. 10.
easy oxide
take this product 0. 10g, put in a 100ml beaker, add 25ml of water and 25ml of sulfuric acid solution (L-20) to dissolve, shake well, cool in a 20°C ± 1°C water bath, and add 0. 02m o l/L potassium permanganate solution 5ml, the color of the solution should not disappear within 3 minutes.
chloride
take l.O g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0801). Compared with the control solution made of 5.0 ml of standard sodium chloride solution, it should not be more concentrated (0 .0 5).
sulfate
take this product l .O g, check according to law (General rule 0802), compared with the standard potassium sulfate solution 3.0 ML made of the control solution, not more concentrated (0. 03%).
insoluble in water
Take 2 5_0g of this product, add 100ml of water to dissolve it, filter it with No. 4 vertical melting glass crucible with constant weight of 10CTC, filter it and rinse it with hot water, then dry it to constant weight at 100°C, the residue should not exceed 0 ,1%.
Related substances
take this product, precision weighing, adding mobile phase to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to prepare a solution containing lm g per lm [, as a test solution; Take fumaric acid and maleic acid reference substance, precision weighing, plus mobile phase dissolution and quantitative dilution made per lm l containing 10 mesh and 0. 5 tons of mixed solution, as a control solution. According to the high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512) test, with octanosilane bonded silica gel as filler, with 0. 1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol (90 : 10) as mobile phase, the detection wavelength was 2 14 n m. Take the appropriate amount of fumaric acid, maleic acid and D L-malic acid, add the mobile phase to dissolve and dilute to prepare a mixed solution containing about 10 ml, 4g and lm g per lm l, 1CV1 was injected into the human liquid chromatograph, and the peak order of each component was D L-malic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid, and the number of theoretical plates was
.
The DL-malic acid peak shall not be less than 2000, and the resolution of DL-malic acid peak, maleic acid peak and fumaric acid peak shall meet the requirements. The control solution 10fJ was injected into the liquid chromatograph to adjust the detection sensitivity so that the peak height of maleic acid was about 10% of the full scale. Then the lOfxl of the test solution and the reference solution were injected into the liquid chromatograph respectively, and the chromatogram was recorded to 3 times of the retention time of the main peak. If the impurity peaks in the chromatogram of the test solution are shown, the content of fumaric acid and maleic acid shall not exceed 1.0% and 0.05% according to the peak area calculated by the external standard method. The Peak area of other individual impurities shall not be greater than 2 times (0.1%) The Peak area of maleic acid in the reference solution, and the sum of the peak areas of other impurities shall not be greater than 10 times (0.5%) The Peak area of maleic acid in the reference solution.
moisture
take this product, according to the determination of moisture (General Rule 0 8 3 2 First method 1), the water content shall not exceed 2.0%.
burning residue
take L. 0g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0841). The residue shall not exceed.
calcium salt
take this product l .O g, add 10ml water to dissolve, add 5% sodium acetate solution 20 m l, shake well, take 15ml, add 2m o l/L acetic acid solution lm l, shake well, as a test solution; Take the standard calcium solution (precision weighing calcium carbonate 2.50g, put in 1000ml measuring flask, add 5ml o l/L acetic acid solution 12ml, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve and dilute to the scale, shake, as calcium stock solution. Immediately before use, accurately measure the calcium stock solution lm l, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with water, and shake: each lm l contains Ca lOf/gUO. 0ML, add 2M o l/L acetic acid solution lm l and water 5ml, shake, as a reference solution. Take alcohol to prepare standard calcium solution (before use, take 10ml stock solution of calcium solution, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to the mark with ethanol, shake it well, ca 0. lmg)0. 2 m l, put in Nessler's colorimetric tube, add 4% ammonium oxalate solution lm l,1 min later, add human sample solution, shake, and place for 15 min later, compared with the control solution prepared by the same method, it should not be more concentrated (0.02%).
Heavy metals
The residue left under the item of taking the ignition residue shall not contain more than 20 parts per million of heavy metal when examined by law (General rule 0821, Law II).
arsenic salt
take this product 1. 0G, add hydrochloric acid 5M l and water 23ml, according to the law inspection (General Principles 0822 first law), should comply with the provisions (0.0002%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:16
Malicacidpfelsure - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about l .O g, precision weighing, put in 250ml measuring flask, add water to dissolve and dilute to the scale, shake well, take 25ml, put in Erlenmeyer flask, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, with sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/ U was titrated to microscopic red color and held for 30 seconds without fading. Each 1 ml of sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/ U is equivalent to 6.704 mg of C4H6()5.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:17
Malicacidpfelsure - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, p H value regulator and antioxidant.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:17
Malicacidpfelsure - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:23:17
Malicacidpfelsure - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2655 | L-MALIC ACID |
| LogP | -1.3 at 24℃ |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: iaspub.epa.gov (external link) |
| trait | triclinic white crystals |
| properties | DL-malic acid is stable under normal conditions and hygroscopic at high humidity. Triclinic white crystals. Melting point 130 ° C; Relative density of 1.601; Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone and many other polar solvents. |
| Use | DL-malic acid is used in the food industry as an emulsion stabilizer for acidulants, color retention agents, preservatives, egg yolk, etc, it is also used in the pharmaceutical industry. DL-malic acid is used as a acidulant for cool drinks (such as lactic acid bacteria drinks, milk drinks, soda, Cola), frozen foods (such as fruit Dew, ice cream, etc.), processed foods (such as fruit wine, mayonnaise), color-retaining agents for fruit drinks and the like, preservatives, and emulsion stabilizers for egg yolk and the like. Uses also include raw materials for pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, dental solutions, metal detergents, anti-coagulant agents in the textile industry, and fluorescent whitening agents for polyester fibers. malic acid is internationally recognized as a safe food additive. It is used as a sour agent, preservative and pH regulator. Its sour taste is soft and long lasting, and the sour taste is 20% stronger than citric acid. Can be used for all kinds of food, according to the production needs of the appropriate amount of use. The food industry is used as an emulsion stabilizer for acidulants, color retention agents, preservatives, egg yolk, etc, also used in pharmaceutical used as biochemical reagents and experimental reagents used as a sour agent for cool drinks (pure cool drinks, concentrated cool drinks, powder cool drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, milk drinks, soda, cola drinks), cold food Acidulants (fruit Dew, ice cream), processed food Acidulants (chewing gum, fruit fructose, marmalade, orange peel jam, tomato juice, soy sauce, vinegar, fruit wine, mayonnaise, margarine), antacids, tone preserving agents for fruit drinks, etc., preservatives (emulsion stabilizers for mayonnaise, etc.). DL-malic acid was neutralized with sodium carbonate solution and concentrated in vacuo to give DL-malic acid sodium ([63474-37-3]). It is also a seasoning, a salt substitute for patients with nephritis. Malate can be used as an additive for margarine and other edible oils. Non-edible uses of malic acid include raw materials that can be used as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dental solutions, metal detergents, buffers, anti-coagulants for textile industry, industrial deodorants, fluorescent whitening agents for polyester fibers, and a monomer for producing an alkyd resin. DL-malic acid and L-malic acid are safe and non-toxic substances, used as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, auxiliary drugs and pH control agents, the United States should not exceed 6.9% of Hard Candy, other food is about 0.7%, but these two kinds of malic acid should not be used in baby food, the purity of the requirements of more than 99%, the melting point of 127-130 ℃, heavy metal content in 0.002%. The residue on ignition was less than 0.05%. The product is a strong acid, at 17 degrees C, 0.1 molar aqueous solution of pH 2.28, can stimulate the mucosa and damage the tooth enamel. |
| Application | DL-malic acid as a commonly used food additive and flavoring agent, widely used in jelly and fruit-based food, contribute to the absorption of food and improve appetite. As the acidulant, it can be used instead of citric acid; It is commonly used as a tone-retaining agent for a cool drink, a cold food, an acidulant for a processed food, a preservative, a fruit drink, and the like. In the non-food industry, it can be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, metal cleaners, industrial deodorants and buffers. In the textile industry for the inhibitor, fluorescent whitening agent raw materials. |
| production method | DL-malic acid can be prepared by adding water to fumaric acid or maleic acid through high temperature and high pressure catalysis. Fumaric acid was dissolved in distilled water and heated to 50 °c and fed into the high pressure reactor. It is heated to 180-199 ℃, and the pressure is about 1MPa. After 8h of reaction, the temperature is lowered to below 100 ℃, and the reactant is forced out. The crystals were precipitated by vacuum concentration at 60 °c. After cooling, dehydration, and drying to obtain the finished product. The yield was 88%. Another major method of production of malic acid is fermentation, which is produced by fermentation of carbohydrates with mutant yeast. malic acid is produced by chemical synthesis, fermentation and enzymatic (or microbial) transformation. Chemical synthesis of 1dl-malic acid 185 of maleic anhydride was dissolved in of water and stirred in a stainless steel autoclave at-C ± 3 °c and MPA for 6-8 hours. In the reaction process, when the temperature> 120 ℃, maleic acid and water to produce malic acid; And when the temperature> 130 ℃, maleic acid itself also isomerization to fumaric acid. Under the reaction conditions, there is an equilibrium between malic acid and fumaric acid. Therefore, when the reaction was completed, the ratio of maleic acid to malic acid was 1:1.7. When fumaric acid is added in proportion at the beginning of the reaction, the yield can be increased from 63% to over 90%. After the reactants were cooled to below l00 ° C., the autoclave was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C., and then cooled, crystallized, centrifuged and dried to obtain a finished product. 2 microorganisms (or enzymes) Conversion of fumaric acid to produce L-malic acid Brevibacterium, Brevibacterium flavum and short ammonia producing bacteria and other microorganisms can make the conversion of fumaric acid to malic acid. First, the raw material fumaric acid and calcium carbonate were reacted to generate calcium fumarate, and then the calcium malate was generated by the conversion column (37 C). L-malic acid was obtained by extraction, and the conversion rate was 98%. Production of L-malic acid by one-step fermentation of a single strain aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus and other microorganisms can produce L-malic acid by fermentation of sugar raw materials. Rice sugar as raw material, with Aspergillus Flavus (UVT3 ASP Flavus), in 500I. The fermentation rate was 4.4% ~ 4.95%, and the conversion rate of sugar was 68% ~ 75% when the fermentation was conducted in the fermentor for 40H. 4 mixed fermentation two-step production of L-malic acid first, Rhizopus Rhizopus R25 in the medium containing 12% glucose to accumulate fumaric acid, and then inoculated with common Proteus P1 to continue the fermentation 2d, the yield of L-glycolic acid was 5.2~5.48g/100mL, and the conversion rate of sugar was 86.7% ~ 91.3%. With 18% of the potato powder can replace the medium containing 12% of glucose, L-malic acid production up to 5.47g/100mL. The fermentation broth was diluted and filtered, and the clear solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and cooled to obtain calcium malate. The L-malic acid was hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid and exchanged with 732 resin, and the eluate was exchanged with 301 anion resin to obtain a clear malic acid solution. Finally, it is concentrated under reduced pressure, cooled to crystallize, and recrystallized to obtain a finished product. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:55:45
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Raw Materials for Malicacidpfelsure