NITROMETHAN
Nitromethane
CAS: 75-52-5
Molecular Formula: CH3NO2
NITROMETHAN - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Nitromethane |
| Synonyms | NM-55 Nitrofuel Nitrometan NITROMETHAN nitro-methan Nitromethane Methane,nitro- methane,-nitro- nitrometan(polish) |
| CAS | 75-52-5 |
| EINECS | 200-876-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3 |
| InChIKey | LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
NITROMETHAN - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH3NO2 |
| Molar Mass | 61.04 |
| Density | 1.127 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -29 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 101.2 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 95°F |
| Water Solubility | 9.5 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 105g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 27.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.1 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | Disagreeable fruity odor |
| Exposure Limit | NIOSH REL: IDLH 750 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3);ACGIH TLV: TWA 20 ppm (adopted). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 380 nm Amax: 1.00', , 'λ: 386 nm Amax: 0.50', , 'λ: 395 nm Amax: 0.20', , 'λ: 40 |
| Merck | 14,6611 |
| BRN | 1698205 |
| pKa | 10.2(at 25℃) |
| PH | 6.4 (0.6g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Flammables area |
| Explosive Limit | 7.3-63.0%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.382(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | properties colorless transparent oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor. |
| Use | It can be used as a rocket fuel, as a solvent for nitric acid fiber and acetic acid fiber, and can also be used in the coating industry. |
NITROMETHAN - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R5 - Heating may cause an explosion R10 - Flammable R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | 41 - In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes. |
| UN IDs | UN 1261 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | PA9800000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29042090 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant/Flammable |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LC (in air) in guinea pigs: 1000 ppm; LD50 orally in mice: 1.44 g/kg (Weatherby) |
NITROMETHAN - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sodium carbonate Dimethyl sulfate Sodium nitrite |
NITROMETHAN - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
a colorless, transparent, oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor. The relative density was 1.1371. Boiling point 101.2 °c. Melting Point -28. 55 °c. Vapor pressure (20 °c) 3.706 kPa. Flash point 45 °c. Ignition point: 421 ℃. Refractive index 3819. Viscosity 0.647 MPA. s. It is insoluble in water and miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether and acetone. Solubility in water at 20 °c 9.5% (by volume). This product is explosive, its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, the explosion limit in the air is 7.3% (volume). Toxic. Flammable.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
NITROMETHAN - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- methane gas-phase nitration method is used to mix preheated methane with vaporized nitric acid and water vapor in a certain proportion, and then enter the tubular reactor to directly nitrify under normal pressure and temperature of 450~550 ℃, the reaction product is condensed, absorbed and distilled to obtain a crude product, which is then washed and rectified to obtain a finished product.
- dimethyl sulfate and sodium nitrite reaction method sodium nitrite and dimethyl sulfate are added to the reactor for reaction, and the reaction product is condensed, distilled and cooled to separate into a finished product. In addition, it can also be prepared by the reaction of sodium nitrite with sodium chloroacetate and the reaction of nitrite with alkyl halide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:11
NITROMETHAN - Use
Open Data Verified Data
This product can be used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, vinyl resin, polyacrylate coating and beeswax. It can also be used to synthesize explosives, rocket fuels, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, fungicides, stabilizers and gasoline additives.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:10
NITROMETHAN - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
This product has high toxicity, even in the concentration of 0. 05% or less can stimulate the eyes of all animals, respiratory mucosa, if prolonged inhalation will cause deep anesthesia. Inhalation at a concentration of 3% for two hours can cause death due to pulmonary edema, liver swelling, and renal irritation. Guinea pig LC 1000 x 10-6. The operator must wear protective equipment to prevent contact between the skin and liquid products. The equipment is required to be sealed without running, running, dripping or leaking, and to strengthen partial or overall ventilation and pay attention to safety. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the production operation site is 100 × 10 -6.
This product is toxic and flammable, and should not be stored and transported in a tank car. Generally used in aluminum or plastic barrel packaging. Stored in a cool and ventilated place, should be Isolation with the oxidant. In case of fire, foam, carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride should be used. If water is used to put out the fire, it is invalid. According to the provisions of toxic and flammable materials storage and transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:11
NITROMETHAN - Reference Information
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 6.4 at 0.01g/l at 20°C |
| relative polarity | 6.8 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 2.24 at 20.00 °C, 3.61 at 30.00 °C, 5.40 at 40.00 °C, 7.97 at 50.00 °C (inert gas stripping, Bene?and Dohnal, 1999) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 77) 2000 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Use | for the manufacture of explosives, rocket fuels, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, surfactants and combustion improvers, also used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, polymers and wax products, etc. used as a solvent, also used in organic synthesis nitromethane is an intermediate of bactericide bromonol. nitromethane has a greater polarity, can be miscible with many organic compounds, is a good solvent, can be used as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, vinyl resin, polyacrylate coating and beeswax and other solvents. Can also be used for the preparation of explosives, rocket, fuel, medicine, dyes, pesticides, fungicides, stabilizers, surfactants and gasoline additives. it can be used as a rocket fuel, as a solvent for nitric acid fiber and acetic acid fiber, and can also be used in the coating industry. The product can be used as a solvent, combustion improver and surfactant for cellulose compounds, polymers, resins, coatings, waxes and the like, and is a raw material for preparing chloropicrin. Can also be made of explosives, rocket, motor fuel, medicine, dyes, pesticides and gasoline additives. solvent. Organic Synthesis. Rocket fuel. Gasoline additive |
| production method | 1. Methane gas phase nitration method will dilute nitric acid spray into a mist to make gasification, and after preheating of methane (natural gas) mixture, so that nitric acid, methane, water vapor to maintain a certain proportion. The mixed gas enters a pipeline reactor with molten salt as a heating medium, and is directly nitrated at normal pressure and 450-550 °c. The reaction product is condensed and absorbed, and the obtained nitromethane aqueous solution is distilled to obtain crude nitromethane, and then washed and rectified to obtain a finished product. Consumption of industrial-grade nitric acid is 5500kg per ton of product, and natural gas (CH4>95%) is 20000 (under standard conditions). 2. Reaction method of dimethyl sulfate and sodium nitrite sodium nitrite and dimethyl sulfate are added into the reactor for reaction, and the reaction product is condensed, distilled, cooled and layered to obtain a finished product. In addition, it can also be prepared by reacting sodium nitrite with sodium chloroacetate and then heating. The reaction of nitrite with alkyl halide was obtained. In the industry can also be used other lower alkanes (ethane, propane) direct chlorine phase nitration, but the reaction product is a mixture of nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane. The preparation method is that methane is preheated, mixed with dilute nitric acid and water vapor of gasification at a certain molar ratio, and the mixture gas enters the tubular reactor with molten salt as heating medium, the reaction temperature is about 450 ℃, the reaction product (gaseous) is absorbed by cold liquid and water, and the aqueous solution of nitromethane (Cold liquid and water absorption liquid) by distillation to obtain crude nitromethane, and then by chemical washing and distillation to obtain pure nitromethane. CH4+HNO3→CH3NO2+H2O |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 940 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 950 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive with strong oxidant and alkali |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of fire, high temperature, oxidant flammable; decomposition of toxic nitric oxide gas |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from oxidants and alkalis |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent |
| Occupational Standards | TLV-TWA 100 PPM (250 mg/m3); Tel 150 PPM (375 mg/m3) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 784 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 750 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for NITROMETHAN