| Overview | Sargassum fusiforme polycharides (SFPS) is a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Sargassum fusiforme, mainly composed of alginic acid and fucoidan, Fucoidan is mainly L-fucose 4-sulfate polymer, with sulfate polysaccharide common anti-virus (including anti-HIV), anti-tumor, improve immunity and anticoagulant properties. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide in anti-tumor, improve immunity, lowering blood lipids, prevention and treatment of diabetes, the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has a positive role. |
| Main components | Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide mainly includes fucoidan, alginic acid and fucoidan starch. Fucoidan, formerly known as polysaccharide, Fucoidan or fucoidan, is a viscous substance produced by Brown algae cells, which is required for brown algae to utilize photosynthesis. It is a series of heteropolysaccharide mixtures with similar composition. Fucoidan molecular weight of 42000-95000, its separation and purification, different molecular weight components of monosaccharide and sulfate content is not the same, F1 contains 42.8% fucose, 2.2% uronic acid, 27.3% sulfate, f2 contains 26.4% fucose, 1.1% uronic acid and 32.3% sulfate. The content of sulfate is closely related to anticoagulant activity, hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects. Alginic acid is mainly D-mannuronic acid polymer with β-(1,4) bond, the content of which is 20.8%, part of which is composed of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid alternately; Its sodium salt is sodium alginate, it is the main component of commercial Fucoidan. The total sugar content of brown algae starch is 60.4%, the main component is β-1, 3-glucan (β-1,3-glucopyranside), and the molecular weight is about 40000. The sulfonated product of brown algae starch, brown algae starch sodium sulfate, has a total sugar content of 31.1% and a molecular weight of 80000. |
| Sargassum fusiforme | Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide is one of the main active components extracted from Sargassum fusiforme. Sargassum fusiforme commonly known as antler, sea barley, haiqian and Huqian. It belongs to the genus of the phylum, the genus of the genus, the genus of the genus, the family, the family and the family. Sargassum fusi-forme (Harv.) Setchell. Is one of the important economic algae. The algal body is yellow-brown in color, and it is succulent. Height 15~40cm, the maximum can be more than 2 meters. The fixing device is in the form of a pseudo root, which is composed of a cylindrical branch root, and is fixed to the rock reef. The main branch is cylindrical, about 2-3mm in diameter, the leaves are directly on the main branch or on the branches of the main branch, the leaves are alternately or in rotation, the leaf shape is variable due to the change of environmental conditions, there is a fine, linear, oval or rod-shaped, but mainly in the shape of a rod. In the leaf axilla often have air bag, air bag is mostly grain-like, but also the leaf tip enlargement, hollow, the formation of air bag, spherical, pear-shaped or spindle-shaped. Mainly produced in Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other coastal areas. Figure 1 shows that Sargassum fusiforme is currently recognized as a health food, containing a variety of nutrients, such as amino acids, minerals, polysaccharides, sterols and terpenoids, it has high nutritional value and special biological activity. The traditional extraction methods of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide include water extraction and alcohol precipitation, alkali (or acid) extraction and alcohol precipitation, but the above process has high temperature, low extraction rate and high cost; microwave extraction is a new technology, which has the characteristics of fast heating, low energy consumption and good selectivity. Microwave-assisted extraction of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide process: Sargassum fusiforme entity → crushing, 80 mesh sieve → weigh 10g Sargassum fusiforme powder to 1 ∶ 10(mL/g) infiltration in water in proportion → microwave treatment → extraction of polysaccharide in boiling water → filtration, collection of filtrate → concentration of filtrate to the original 1/3, with three times the volume of absolute ethanol precipitation → centrifugation, discard supernatant → wash once with ether → dry → Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide. |
| pharmacological activity | 1. Anti-Fatigue Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide can increase the activity of SOD, liver glycogen in serum and swimming endurance of mice, and reduce urea, MDA and muscle lactic acid in serum, which has anti-fatigue function. 2. The compound preparation of anti-radiation Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide can inhibit the damage of immune function of mice caused by gamma ray, reduce the level of MDA, enhance the activity of SOD in the body, it provides a basis for the development and utilization of anti-radiation drugs. 3. Anti-tumor effect the anti-tumor mechanism of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide may be related to enhancing immune mechanism, promoting the expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Hypoglycemic polysaccharide has a wide range of biological activity, many natural medicines extracted from the polysaccharide has been confirmed with hypoglycemic activity. It is found that the hypoglycemic mechanism of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide is not to stimulate insulin secretion. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide has no obvious effect on the blood glucose of normal mice, and can not enhance the glucose tolerance of normal mice, but can effectively reduce the blood glucose content of hyperglycemic mice induced by alloxan. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides can increase the survival rate of cells in high glucose environment, prevent LDH leakage, increase NO release, and reduce MDA production, it has a protective effect on the damage and dysfunction of HUVEC caused by hyperglycemia. At a certain concentration and time, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides can reduce the apoptosis of islet cells induced by H2O2 and increase the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD in cells and tissues, PI3K- Akt inhibitor can block the antioxidant effect of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide, but can not ultimately inhibit the protective effect of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide on the number and activity of islet cells. Other effects of alginic acid in Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide can inhibit the absorption and accumulation of heavy metal Sr in vivo, and its inhibition effect increases with the increase of the amount of L-guluronic acid. In addition, the dietary fiber in Sargassum fusiforme can impedance the absorption of harmful substances such as pesticides, food additives and synthetic detergents. (2015-10-23) |