Thymol
Thymol
CAS: 89-83-8
Molecular Formula: C10H14O
Thymol - Names and Identifiers
Thymol - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C10H14O |
| Molar Mass | 150.22 |
| Density | 0.965g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 48-51°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 232°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 216°F |
| JECFA Number | 709 |
| Water Solubility | 0.1 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, glacial acetic acid and alkali solution, slightly soluble in water. At 25°C, 1g is dissolved in 1ml of ethanol, 1.5ml of ether, 0.7ml of chloroform, 1.7ml of olive oil and about 1000ml of water. |
| Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 64 °C) |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Thyme-like odor |
| Merck | 14,9399 |
| BRN | 1907135 |
| pKa | 10.59±0.10(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, organic materials, strong bases. |
| Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
| Refractive Index | nD20 1.5227; nD25 1. |
| MDL | MFCD00002309 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | color crystal or white crystalline powder. There is a special odor of thyme grass or thyme. Density 0.979. Melting Point 48-51 °c. Boiling point 233 °c. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in glacial acetic acid and paraffin oil, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether and olive oil |
| Use | Used in the system of spices, drugs and indicators, also commonly used in skin mycosis and tinea |
Thymol - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R34 - Causes burns R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S28A - |
| UN IDs | UN 3261 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | XP2275000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29071900 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 980 mg/kg (Jenner) |
Thymol - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Wang Xiaojuan, Zhang Zheng, Jian Gao Meng, etc. Preparation of MFC aerogels and study on its essential oil release properties [J]. Packaging Engineering 2019(15):110-116. 2. Baoqi Yan, Shidong Zhang, Shuwei Dong, et al. Cytotoxicity of thymol on goat endometrial epithelial cells in vitro [J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 51(004):35-41. 3. Shaodan, Song penjie, Yan Baoqi, etc. Inhibitory effect of thymol on inflammatory response of endometrial epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide [J]. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 050(007):1493-1499. 4. Zang Jia, Zang Junbo, Shi Junjun, etc. Study on the thermal stability of fennel volatile oil and screening of antioxidants [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, v.34(11):389-393. 5. Zang Jia, Zang Junbo, Shi Junjun, etc. Study on thermal stability of volatile oil from Alpinia officinarum Hance and screening of antioxidant [J]. Chinese condiment, 2019(9). 6. Zang Jia, Zang Junbo, Shi Junjun, etc. Stability of fennel essential oil in accelerated oxidation environment and its antioxidant screening [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2019(18). 7. Wang Yu, Zou Junbo, Shi Yaojun, Zhang Xiaofei, Yan Jia, Liang Yulin, Guo Dongyan. Study on accelerated oxidation stability of turmeric volatile oil and screening of antioxidants [J]. Chinese herbal medicines, 2019,42(11):2627-2630. 8. Zang Jia, Zang Junbo, Shi Junjun, etc. Study on the thermal stability of volatile oil from Curcuma longa and its antioxidant screening [J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019(15). 9. Liu Zhonghao, Zheng Zi, Chen Liang, Li Ning, Li Qianjun, Mu Shuqin, Yan Jun. Effects of carvacrol and thymol on colon microorganisms of weaned piglets [J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020,47(12):3897-3908. 10. Qinglian Wang, Fajuan Cheng, Ying Xu, Jing Zhang, eu 11. Minna Luo, Yong Cao, Wenbo Wang, Xia Chen, Jiyang Cai, Ling Wang, Jie Xiao, Sustained-release antimicrobial gelatin film: Effect of chia mucilage on physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 87, 2019, Pages 783-791, ISSN 0268 12. Qing Li, Ruohang Gao, Liying Wang, Mengyue Xu, Yang Yuan Lulu Ma, Zhili Wan, and Xiaoquan Yang,Nanocomposites of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibrils and Zein Nanoparticles for Food Packaging,ACS Applied Nano Materials 2020 3 (3), 2899-2910DOI: 10.1021/acsanm 13. Jie Chen, Dong-Li Li, Ling-Na Xie, Yu-ran Ma, Pan-Pan Wu, Chen Li, Wen-Feng Liu, Kun Zhang, Ren-Ping Zhou, Xue-Tao Xu Xi Zheng, Xia Liu, Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of silibinin and thymol combination on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibition 14. [IF=0] Haichong Wu et al."Thymol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating the TLR4- and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways."Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21; 8(12): 20042-20055 15. [IF=4.268] Jie Chen et al."Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of silibinin and thymol combination on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK activation."Phytomedicine. 2020 Nov;78:153309 16. [IF=4.128] Jiangkun Yu et al."Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro."Microorganisms. 2020 Aug;8(8):1160 17. [IF=3.694] Qinglian Wang et al."Thymol alleviates AGEs-induced podocyte injury by a pleiotropic effect via NF-κB-mediated by RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway."Cell Adhes Migr. 2020;14(1):42-56 18. [IF=4.546] Lian-Qun Wang et al."Transcriptomics Reveals the Effect of Thymol on the Growth and Toxin Production of Fusarium graminearum."Toxins. 2022 Feb;14(2):142 |
Thymol - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White crystalline or crystalline powder with the aroma of thyme oil. Soluble in ethanol and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in water and glycerol. Has a strong corrosive effect.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Thymol - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
can be obtained from the reaction of m-cresol with isopropyl chloride.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:07:51
Thymol - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 5-methyl -2-isopropyl phenol. C1QH140 shall not be less than 98.0%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Thymol - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is colorless crystal or white crystalline powder.
- This product is easily soluble in ethanol, three gas methane or ether, soluble in glacial acetic acid, soluble in liquid paraffin, alkaline solution, slightly soluble in water.
melting point
The melting point of this product (General rule 0612) is 48~52°C.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:00
Thymol - Introduction
Verification of ammonia, antimony, arsenic, titanium, nitrate and nitrite; determination of ammonia, titanium and sulfate.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:29:39
Thymol - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for the deployment of citrus, mint, spices, herbs and other food flavors. The usage amount in chewing gum is 44mg/kg in lOOmg/kg I cold drink; 2. 5~11mg/kg in soft drink; 9.4mg/kg in candy; 5.0~6.5mg/kg in baked food.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:07:51
Thymol - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take about 0.2g of this product, add 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 2ml, heat to dissolve, add chloroform 0.2ml, water bath heating, that is purple.
- take about 2mg of this product, add 1 ml of glacial acetic acid to dissolve, add 0.15ml of sulfuric acid and 0.05ml of nitric acid, then it will appear blue-green.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference product (General rule 0402).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:00
Thymol - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
acidity
take this product l. Add 20ml water to 100ml plug Erlenmeyer flask, heat to boiling to dissolve, pack, cool, vigorously shake for 1 min, after thymol crystallization, filter, take 5ml filtrate, add methyl red indicator solution 0.05ml and 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 0.05, that is yellow.
clarity and color of solution
take this product l.Og, add 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 10ml, shake to dissolve, check according to law (General rule 0901 and general rule 0902), the solution should be clear and colorless. If it is turbid, it should not be more concentrated compared with the turbidity standard solution No. 4 (general rule 0902 method 1); If it is colored, it should not be deeper compared with the orange-red standard colorimetric solution No. 2 (General rule 0901 method 1).
Related substances
take this product O.lg, put in a 10ml measuring flask, add appropriate amount of ethanol to dissolve, dilute to the scale with ethanol, shake well, as a test solution; Take 1ml of precision measurement, put in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute with ethanol to the scale, shake, as a control solution; Precision take 1ml, put in 10ml flask, diluted with ethanol to the scale, shake, as a sensitivity solution. Capillary column (30m x DB-Wax, 0521, column applicable) with polyethylene glycol as stationary phase, column temperature maintained at 80 ° C. 2
as determined by gas chromatography (general document 0.50)
The temperature was increased to 240°C at 8°C per minute for 15 minutes, and the inlet temperature was 250°C and the detector temperature was 280°C. The sensitivity solution lul was injected into the gas chromatograph, and the chromatogram was recorded. The signal-to-noise ratio of thymol peak was not less than 10. Then 1 u1 of the control solution and 1 u1 of the test solution were injected into the gas chromatograph respectively, and the chromatograms were recorded. If there are impurity peaks in the test solution, the sum of each impurity peak area shall not be greater than the main peak area of the control solution (1.0% ), and the peak less than 0.5 times the main peak area of the sensitivity solution can be ignored (0.05%).
Non-volatile
take 2.0g of this product, heat and volatilize it on a water bath, and then dry it at 105°C to constant weight. The remaining residue shall not pass through 1 mg(0 .05%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:01
Thymol - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about O.lg, precision weighing, placing in 250ml iodine bottle, adding 25ml of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, shaking to dissolve, adding 20ml of hot hydrochloric acid (1-2), shaking, immediately titrate with bromine titration solution (0.05mol/L) to 1~2ml from the theoretical end point, and heat the solution to 70~80°C, add 2 drops of methyl orange indicator solution and continue to slowly titrate until the red color disappears, then add 2 drops of human bromine titration solution (0.05mol/L). After shaking for about 10 seconds, add 1 drop of methyl orange indicator solution and shake, if the solution is red, repeat the above steps to continue the titration. Until the addition of human methyl
1 drop of orange indicator solution, red disappeared after shaking. Each 1 ml of bromine titration solution (0.05mol/L) corresponds to 3.755mg of c10hua.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:02
Thymol - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, bacteriostatic agents, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:02
Thymol - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light shielding, sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:29:02
Thymol - Reference Information
| FEMA | 3066 | THYMOL |
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 7 |
| LogP | 3.3 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Source | There are two main sources of Thymol: one is from natural products (thyme oil, oregano oil, basil oil) in the extraction, the other is obtained by artificial synthesis. Due to the limited natural resources and high extraction cost and environmental pressure, thymol is mainly synthesized at present. |
| pharmacological action | Thymol has the characteristics of phenolic drug action, and has a strong effect on fungi and actinomycetes in sterilization and preservation, the effect of gram-negative bacteria is weak, the bactericidal power is stronger than phenol, the skin and mucous membrane irritation is smaller than phenol, its toxicity is about 1/10 of phenol; Has a strong sense of paralysis. Oral Thymol can be completely absorbed by the intestinal tract, about 50% of the metabolites in the form of Thymoquinone combined with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid are excreted by the urine. |
| Application | Thymol has stronger bactericidal effect than phenol and lower toxicity, and has bactericidal and fungicidal effects on oral throat mucosa, the cavity of dental caries with antiseptic, local anesthesia, for oral cavity, throat Disinfection sterilization, dermatophytosis, radiation bacterial disease and otitis. Can promote tracheal ciliary movement, is conducive to the secretion of tracheal mucus, easy to expectorant effect, and bactericidal effect, it can be used for the treatment of tracheitis, pertussis. |
| content analysis | determined by gas chromatography (GT-10-4) using a non-polar column method. |
| toxicity | GRAS(FEMA). |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): soft drinks 2.5~11; Cold drinks 44; Candy 9.4; Gum 100; baking food 5.0~6.5. Moderate limits (FDA § 172.515,2000). |
| Use | thymol is a food spice that is allowed to be used in China's "health standards for the use of food additives, mainly used in the preparation of cough syrup, pepper mint chewing gum and spices and other flavors. The usage amount in chewing gum is 100mg/kg; 44mg/kg in cold drinks; 2.5 ~ 1lmg/kg in soft drinks; 9.4mg/kg in candy; 5.0~6.5mg/kg in baked goods. used as analytical reagents and preservatives used in the preparation of spices, drugs and indicators, it is also commonly used in the treatment of dermatomycoses and dermatophytes GB 2760-1996 provides temporary permission to use flavorants. Mainly used in the preparation of cough sugar, gum, pepper-like mint, citrus, mushrooms and spices such as flavor. determination of ammonia, antimony, arsenic, titanium, nitrate and nitrite; Determination of ammonia, titanium and sulfate; Fragrance; Preservative; Insect repellent Thymol can be used in root canal Disinfection, treatment of pulp soothing and dentin hypersensitivity. Its oil solution can be used for the treatment of skin diseases caused by fungi and actinomycetes; Internal use can drive out hookworm and treat pulmonary actinomycosis. |
| production method | a Friedel-Crafts method synthesis of ecresol and isopropyl chloride at -10 °c. Derived from the separation of thyme oil. A 40% sodium hydroxide solution was added to the thymol oil, the reaction was stirred and diluted with hot water to separate the aqueous sodium phenolate layer. Then, the oil layer was separated by acidification with dilute hydrochloric acid, and finally dried and distilled under reduced pressure to obtain baimuxiang phenol product. In addition, it is also possible to obtain a finished product from the reaction of m-cresol with isopropyl chloride at -10 °c. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:53
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