UNII-EN5D1IH09S
Synephrine hydrochloride
CAS: 5985-28-4
Molecular Formula: C9H14ClNO2
UNII-EN5D1IH09S - Names and Identifiers
UNII-EN5D1IH09S - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C9H14ClNO2 |
| Molar Mass | 203.67 |
| Melting Point | 147-150°C |
| Boling Point | 341.1 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Solubility | DMSO : ≥ 52 mg/mL (255.31 mM) |
| Appearance | White to off-white (Solid) |
| Color | Off-White to Pale Beige |
| Storage Condition | Refrigerator |
| MDL | MFCD00050566 |
| In vitro study | Synephrine(0.1-30μm) acts on isolated rat aorta and has effective vasoconstrictor effect in a dose-dependent manner. This effect can be affected by Prazosin, brl15572, and Ketanserin but not SB216641 and propranol, indicating that Synephrine acts through its adrenergic alpha(1)-receptor, 5-HT(1D) receptor, and 5-HT(2A) receptor. Although Synephrine, 1R, 2s-norephedrine, and β-phenylethylamine have the same Ki value for all three subtypes, however, only Synephrine is a partial agonist of the α1A-AR subtype stably expressed in HEK 293 cells. EC50 is 4 µm, and 100 µm has the maximum response effect, equivalent to 55.3 % L-phenylephrine maximum response effect. Functional studies on the stable expression of α2A-and α2C-AR subtypes in CHO cells showed that Synephrine acts as presynaptic α(2A)-and α(2C) an antagonist rather than an agonist of the-AR subtype, although the antagonistic activity of Synephrine is less than its partial excitatory potency. Synephrine (~ 100 μm) treatment increased basal glucose consumption by 50% compared with the control group. This effect was dose-dependent and did not affect the viability of L6 skeletal muscle cells. Synephrine significantly stimulated basal and insulin-stimulated lactate production and glucose consumption. Synephrine treatment stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK but not of Akt, and Synephrine-induced glucose consumption and Glut4 translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane were sensitive to inhibition of AMPK but not to inhibition of PI3K. |
| In vivo study | Rats with Portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PVL) or bile duct ligation (BDL) were treated with Synephrine at a dose of 1 mg/kg every 12 h for 8 days, significant improvements in hyperdynamic status, and in PVL and BDL rats, also significant reductions in partial portal pressure, departmental Portal tributary blood flow, and cardiac index. |
UNII-EN5D1IH09S - Reference Information
| Plant Source: | fructus aurantii immaturus |
| effect | synephrine can be used as a vasopressor for Shock, for heart failure, treatment of bronchial asthma and surgery and anesthesia at the end of the blood pressure, collapse and Shock, body, position hypotension, etc.; Alpha adrenergic receptor agonists, vasoconstrictors, etc. 1. Effects on cardiovascular immaturus aurantii, decoction of fructus aurantii, extract of immaturus aurantii, injection of immaturus aurantii and its active ingredients, can significantly enhance the anesthetic dog a variety of myocardial contractility and pump blood function indicators, with strong heart, contraction of blood vessels, improve the total peripheral resistance, and the left ventricular pressure and arterial blood pressure rise. Modern research has also confirmed that fructus aurantii immaturus can increase the tension of rabbit aorta in a concentration-dependent manner and make the smooth muscle of aorta contract. 2. Effect on weight loss as a weight loss promoting agent, synephrine hydrochloride has an action mechanism of stimulating β-3 adrenoceptor to cause lipid decomposition and subsequent thermogenesis. Most of the dietary supplements containing synephrine hydrochloride also contain different other ingredients, mainly caffeine, salicylic acid and ephedrine. The combination of the various chemical components described above can enhance the efficacy of synephrine hydrochloride for weight loss. Taking rats as the research object, repeated oral administration of commercially available lime water-alcohol extract with standardized content of synephrine hydrochloride was conducted to evaluate its food intake and cardiovascular function, and it was found that lime extract could reduce food intake and weight gain, the electrocardiogram of the animals in the experimental group was abnormal. |
| side effects | severe hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and recipients of monoamine oxidase inhibitors should avoid taking fructus aurantii immaturus extract. Synephrine hydrochloride can cause a cyclic deviation of Head Pain and primary Head Pain. Literature studies have shown that dietary supplements containing synephrine hydrochloride also contain other such as methyl xanthine, ephedrine, taurine. Methylxanthine toxicity is manifested in the cause of tremor, tachycardia, seizures. Ephedrine, which has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, can cause side effects such as heart failure and stroke. The presence of such substances will increase the side effects of the product and pose a health threat. |
| biological activity | Synephrine HCl is a sympathetic alpha-adreneric receptor (AR)(adrenoceptor) agonist. |
| Target | Value |
| Use | for content determination/identification/pharmacological experiments |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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