ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln
Dermaseptin from Phyllomedusa sauvagii
CAS: 136212-91-4
Molecular Formula: C152H257N43O44S2
ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln - Names and Identifiers
ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C152H257N43O44S2 |
| Molar Mass | 3455.06 |
| Storage Condition | −20°C |
| MDL | MFCD00146655 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Bioactive Dermaseptin are polypeptides isolated from frog skin and show effective antibacterial (antimicrobial) activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. |
ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln - Source classification
(1) insect antibacterial peptide insects are the largest biological species, and the number of antibacterial peptides is difficult to estimate. At present, more than 200 kinds of insect antibacterial peptides have been found in only 8 insects of Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Odonata, and only 40 antibacterial peptide genes have been obtained from silkworm.
(2) Mammalian antimicrobial peptide Cecropin P1 was isolated from pig small intestine for the first time in 1989. At present, at least 18 species of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from pigs, at least 30 species from sheep and at least 30 species from cattle. The defensins found in the human body belong to a large family of antibacterial peptides. According to the spatial structure of their amino acids and the difference in secretion sites, they are divided into three categories: human α-defensin, human β-defensin (HβD), human & theta;-defensin (human & theta;-defensin)[5], more than 35 kinds of human defenses have been found, of which 10 are very important defenses.
(3) Amphibian antibacterial peptides Amphibians have multiple functions. A large number of skin active peptides in the skin secretions have various biological activities, and most of the peptides have certain antimicrobial activities. In evolution, it is a very old and effective natural defense substance, which is often classified as antibacterial peptides. There are more than ten kinds of antibacterial peptides in Xenopus laevis, which are not only expressed in skin granular glands, but also present in gastric mucosa and small intestinal cells. Xenopus (magainins), a small molecule antibacterial peptide found in Xenopus laevis skin, is an amphibian antibacterial peptide discovered earlier and has high antibacterial activity. Since then, a variety of frog antibacterial peptides have been discovered. According to incomplete statistics, hundreds of antibacterial peptides have been extracted from the skin of more than 40 kinds of amphibians in 8 genera of tailless amphibians, and 548 of them are included in the APD database. A large number of studies have found that frog antibacterial peptides have synergistic effects, but different frog antibacterial peptides rarely have homology.
(4) Antimicrobial peptides derived from fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. In 1986, an antimicrobial peptide containing 35 amino acid residues was isolated from leopard sole. Pardaxin is the first amphiphilic cationic alpha spiral structure isolated from fish. The peptide is an ionic neurotoxin. A series of antibacterial peptides with stronger antibacterial activity and lower hemolytic activity than melittin have been derived from this peptide. In 1998, it was reported that the epithelial mucosal cell layer of catfish (Parasilurus asotus) secreted a 19-amino acid residue histone H2A antibacterial peptide parasin I, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and its antibacterial activity is 12~100 times that of bombesin mainin 2. At present, more than 49 antimicrobial peptides are isolated from fish. Defensins are important antimicrobial peptides of marine mollusks such as mussels. The mussel defensins discovered so far are divided into three types: Defensin, mytilin and myticin according to their primary structure, properties and common cysteine sequences. After bacterial infection, shrimp can induce the expression of a variety of genes, which contain a variety of antimicrobial peptide genes. Since the complete amino acid sequence of crustacean antimicrobial peptides was first reported in 1997, a variety of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from the blood cells of crustaceans such as prawns.
(5) Plant antimicrobial peptides There are also some plant antimicrobial peptides that are structurally similar to insect and mammalian defensins, called plant defensins. Most plant antimicrobial peptides have good activity against plant pathogens, and some plant antimicrobial peptides are toxic to gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria, fungi, yeast and mammalian cells. Thi-onins are the earliest antibacterial peptides isolated from plants.
(6) Bacterial antibacterial peptide Bacterial antibacterial peptide is also called bacteriocin (bacteriocin), including cationic peptide and neutral peptide, which can be secreted by gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. There are four types of antibacterial peptides found in bacteria: bacitracin (Bacitracin), short bacitracin S(Gramicidin S), polymyxin E(Polymyxin E) and nisin. At present, there are 119 kinds of bacteriocins included in the APD database. Among them, the lactic acid streptococcus peptide nisin is a short peptide containing 3-4 amino acid residues produced by Lactococcus. It is an acid-resistant substance, even in the stomach. The stability in a low pH environment is also high, and it can inhibit gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium and Listeria. Bacillus spp. The bacitracin mersacidin produced has a good inhibitory effect on the "super drug-resistant bacteria"-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA). Intraperitoneal administration can remove MRSA-infected mice blood, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and other organs of the bacteria, and no obvious damage to the organs of the mice.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
ala-leu-trp-lys-thr-met-leu-lys-lys-leu-gly-thr-met-ala-leu-his-ala-gly-lys-ala-ala-leu-gly-ala-ala-ala-asp-thr-ile-ser-gln-gly-thr-gln - Uses and synthesis methods
What are antimicrobial peptides?
antibacterial peptide originally refers to a class of alkaline polypeptide substances with antibacterial activity induced in insects. its molecular weight is about 2000~7000 and consists of 20~60 amino acid residues. Most of these active polypeptides have the characteristics of strong alkalinity, thermal stability and broad-spectrum antibacterial. In the 1980s, the Boman research team used Bacillus cereus to induce the silkworm to produce peptides with antibacterial activity, and then discovered the first antibacterial peptide-cecropin. Later, from other insects and amphibians. In animals and mammals, antibacterial peptides with similar structures were also isolated, and the structure of more than 70 antibacterial peptides was determined.
P> people have been found and isolated from bacteria, fungi, amphibians, insects, higher plants, mammals and even humans to obtain peptides with antibacterial activity. Because this kind of active polypeptide has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal activity on bacteria, it is named "antibacterial pepitides,ABP", which is translated as antibacterial peptide in Chinese, and its original meaning is anti-bacterial peptide.natural antibacterial peptide is a peptide isolated from stringocococcus, which has natural antibacterial activity and does not irritate skin.
Natural antibacterial peptides are the products obtained by fermenting Mingchuan cocci and radish roots together. Mingchuan cocci itself is a kind of lactic acid bacteria. The antibacterial peptides produced during the fermentation process have a wide range of inhibitory effects on common bacteria and fungi. It is currently the mainstream biological antibacterial products and is widely used in skin care products. Not only that, antibacterial peptides can also improve skin moisturizing function, help repair injuries and so on.
Structural features
Antimicrobial peptides can be divided into many types according to their structure, and they can be divided into 5 categories:
(1) A single-chain α-helix without cysteine residues, or a peptide composed of two α-helices connected by random coils;
(2) Antimicrobial peptides rich in certain amino acid residues but without cysteine residues;
(3) Antibacterial polypeptide containing 1 disulfide bond;
(4) Antimicrobial peptides with 2 or more disulfide bonds and β-folded structure;
(5) Peptides with antibacterial activity derived from larger polypeptides of other known functions.
Structural action
(1) broad-spectrum antibacterial activity: antibacterial peptides can quickly kill targets, and many of them are pure natural peptides, making it quickly become potential therapeutic drugs. the therapeutic range of antibacterial peptides is: gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, fungi, parasites, tumor cells, etc./p>
(2) Improve immunity and accelerate wound healing: Some antibacterial peptides have a killing effect on some viruses, fungi, protozoa and cancer cells.
(3) good water solubility and large molecular weight: natural antibacterial peptides are usually alkaline small molecular peptides composed of more than 30 amino acid residues, with good water solubility and molecular weight of about 4000 Dalton. Most antibacterial peptides have thermal stability and can still maintain their activity after heating at 100 ℃ for 10~15min. The isoelectric point of most antimicrobial peptides is greater than 7, showing strong cationic characteristics.
(4) Stability: Antimicrobial peptides have strong resistance to higher ionic strength and higher or lower pH. In addition, some antibacterial peptides still have the ability to resist trypsin or pepsin hydrolysis.
(5) Selective immune activation and regulation function: It has a good preventive and protective effect on sepsis. The abuse of traditional antibiotics leads to various drug-resistant strains in clinic, which seriously endangers human health. Sepsis is a critical illness caused by bacterial infection, accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Pathogenic microbial infection induces a large release of proinflammatory factors, leading to a variety of important organ failure, with high mortality.
application
(1) clinical drugs: because some more toxic polypeptides and lipid polypeptides, such as short bacitracin S, polymyxin B has been used to make skin ointments. These peptides can also be used where conventional antibiotics and conventional therapies are ineffective. The treatment of pulmonary infection with powder is a promising development direction. Oral drugs may be used to treat intestinal infections, and nisin is undergoing clinical trials against helicobacter pylori.
(2) Agricultural application: mainly used to transform crops to cultivate disease-resistant varieties. Because antimicrobial peptides have bactericidal activity against a variety of plant pathogens, the expression of antimicrobial genes in human plants is expected to improve their disease resistance.
(3) Prevention of cancer and anti-virus: Antimicrobial peptides have no adverse effects on normal mammalian cells, but have obvious killing effects on cancer cell strains and some viruses. This indicates that antimicrobial peptides have good application prospects in treatment and aspects.
(4) preservative of articles: the application of antibacterial peptides in food preservative, fresh flowers and animal feed additives is also in progress.
biological activity
Dermaseptin is a polypeptide isolated from frog skin and shows effective antibacterial (antimicrobial) activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
in vitro studies
Dermaseptin is a water-soluble, thermostable, and nonhemolytic peptide endowed with highly potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi at micromolar concentration. Circular dichroism spectra of dermaseptin in hydrophobic media indicated 80% alpha-helical conformation, and predictions of secondary structure suggested that dermaseptin can be configured as an amphiphatic alpha-helix spanning over residues 1-27, a structure that perturbs membrane functions regulating water flux. Dermaseptin exerts a lytic action upon bacteria, protozoa, yeasts, and filamentous fungi at micromolar concentrations. Molecular elements responsible for the exceptional antimicrobial potency of dermaseptin are to be traced to the NH2-terminal alpha-helical amphipathic segment spanning residues 1-18 of the molecule. Dermaseptin (5-100 μg/ml; 48 hours) inhibits by 100% the proliferation of most microorganisms tested, including Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, parasites, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, at micromolar concentrations. Dermaseptin (5-100 μg/ml; 48 hours) does not inhibit the proliferation of human KJ3 cells after a 48 h incubation, and dermaseptin treatment for 1 h does not permeate guinea pig lymphocytes up to the highest concentration assayed (200 μg/ml). Hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes occurrs after 1 h of treatment at doses above 200 μg/ml, with 50% hemolysis at 350 μg/ml. Dermaseptin has antimicrobial activities and is against Aeromonas cauiae , Pseudomonas aeroginusa , Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecalis , L. mezicana (NF α strain) and Microsporum canis (IP1194) with MIC values of 50 μg/ml; 100 μg/ml; 25 μg/ml; 15 μg/ml; and 50 μg/ml, respectively.
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:54:55
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