bristaciclinalpha
tetracycline
CAS: 60-54-8
Molecular Formula: C22H24N2O8
bristaciclinalpha - Names and Identifiers
bristaciclinalpha - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C22H24N2O8 |
| Molar Mass | 444.43 |
| Density | 1.3809 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 175-177°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 554.44°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | D25 -257.9° (0.1N HCl); D25 -239° (methanol) |
| Flash Point | 431.953°C |
| Water Solubility | Limited solubility in water. Soluble in 1M HCl with heating. |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in chloroform and ether |
| Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | Pale yellow crystal |
| Color | yellow to yellow orange |
| Merck | 13,9271 |
| BRN | 2230417 |
| pKa | pKa (50% aq DMF): 8.3, 10.2(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Hygroscopic |
| Sensitive | Easy to absorb moisture and sensitive to light |
| Refractive Index | 1.6500 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00151232 |
bristaciclinalpha - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | QI8750000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-8-10 |
| HS Code | 29413000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats, mice (mg/kg): 807, 808 orally (Goldenthal) |
bristaciclinalpha - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| antibiotics | Tetracycline is an antibiotic catalyzed by chlortetracycline dehalogenation biosynthesis, low toxicity, as early as 1948 began for clinical use. It is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent with bactericidal effect at high concentration. In addition to the common gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, most Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, chlamydia, atypical Mycobacterium, Spirochetes are also sensitive to this product. The effect of this product on Gram-positive bacteria is better than that of gram-negative bacteria, but Enterococcus is resistant to it. During the development and mineralization of teeth, tetracycline family drugs, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, armillomycin, and doxycycline, can be combined into the tooth tissue to stain the teeth, yellow-brown or dark-gray. In 1950, it was reported abroad that tetracycline drugs caused tooth coloration, and then it was reported that tetracycline was deposited on teeth, bones and nails, and could also cause enamel hypoplasia. In this regard, the country until the mid -70 s has attracted attention. |
| mechanism of action | inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis is the antibacterial mechanism of action of tetracyclines. By binding to the 30S subunit, the aminoacyl-tRNA is prevented from binding to the mRNA-ribosome complex, and peptide chain formation is blocked to inhibit bacteria. |
| indication | 1. Tetracycline as the first choice or drug of choice can be used for the treatment of the following diseases: (1) Rickettsiosis, including epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, Rocky Mountain Fever, tsutsugamushi disease, Rickettsia Pneumonia and Q fever; (2) mycoplasma infection such as Mycoplasma Pneumonias Pneumonia, urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum, etc.; (3) chlamydia infection, including Pneumonia Chlamydial Pneumonia Pneumonia, psittacosis, lymphogranuloma venereal disease and Chlamydia trachomatis infection; (4) relapsing heat caused by relapsing heat spirochetes; (5) brucellosis (should be combined with aminoglycosides); (6) cholera; (7) tularemia caused by Tularemia; (8) plague caused by Yersinia pestis. 2. Tetracyclines can also be used for the treatment of tetanus, gas gangrene, SARS, syphilis, gonorrhea, nongonococcal urethritis and leptospirosis, which are allergic to penicillin antibiotics. 3. Can also be used for the treatment of acne with significant inflammatory response. |
| tetracycline for veterinary use | Tetracycline antibiotics for veterinary use are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with Tetra-benzene structure, mainly divided into two types of natural and semi-synthetic, oral, broad antimicrobial spectrum, small toxicity, very few allergies, more serious drug resistance, but inhibit bacterial growth, the effect is weak (less than penicillins or streptomycin). Veterinary tetracycline antibiotics are mainly oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and so on, they have their own focus on the therapeutic effect, and the dosage requirements are not the same, in the use of different types of livestock should pay attention to follow the doctor's advice or in accordance with the requirements of the product instructions. Although veterinary tetracycline antibiotics have a wide range of effects, attention should be paid to the appropriate amount of timely administration, because the toxic and side effects of this drug, the adverse reactions of tetracycline drugs: mainly local irritation, double infection and damage to the liver. Local irritation for oral administration of this class of antibiotics, the digestive tract mucosa have direct stimulation; After intramuscular injection, due to its strong acid hydrochloride, can cause local pain, inflammation and necrosis; after intravenous injection can produce phlebitis and thrombosis. These irritants were the strongest in chlortetracycline, the second in oxytetracycline, and the lightest in tetracycline. |
| drug resistance | Tetracyclines have been used in veterinary medicine for many years, and the severity of drug resistance can not be ignored. Because of the "cross resistance" between the tetracycline drugs, so the breeding application, once the doxycycline after administration of the disease control and treatment effect is not good, can be appropriate to increase the dose (although it can improve the efficacy of drugs, but need to consider the problem of residual risk), or to replace other drugs with the same indications (such as Mycoplasma disease can be replaced with tamsulosin, respiratory symptoms can be replaced by florfenicol, streptococcal disease, postpartum triad can be replaced by amoxicillin or sulfa drugs). Farm rotation of medication, not just to consider the parasite disease; Different types of antibiotic replacement, can reduce the rate of bacterial resistance (bacteria in a long-term exposure to a considerable dose of antibiotics, under the pressure of selection, will be obtained resistant strains), can ensure that the drug can long-term can obtain better curative effect! |
| drug interaction | ① tetracyclines combined with other hepatotoxic drugs (antineoplastic drugs) could aggravate liver damage; (2) because tetracyclines can reduce the plasma prothrombin activity, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of anticoagulants. |
| adverse reactions and side effects | 1. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as Nausea, Vomit, upper abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension, Diarrhea, etc., can occasionally cause pancreatitis, esophagitis and esophageal ulcer, and most of them occur in bed immediately after taking the drug. 2. Tetracycline can cause liver toxicity, usually fatty liver degeneration, liver toxicity in pregnant women and patients with renal dysfunction, but liver toxicity can also occur in patients without the above conditions. Tetracycline-induced pancreatitis can also occur concomitantly with hepatotoxicity, without primary liver disease. 3. Allergic reaction: mostly maculopapular rash and erythema, a small number of patients can appear urticaria, angioneurotic edema, allergic purpura, pericarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus rash aggravation, exfoliative dermatitis is not common. Anaphylactic shock and asthma occurred occasionally. Some patients with tetracycline have photosensitization when exposed to the sun. Therefore, patients should be advised not to be directly exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet rays during taking this product. Once the skin has erythema, the drug should be stopped immediately. 4. Blood system: occasionally can cause hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia. 5. Central nervous system: Occasionally, it can cause benign intracranial hypertension, which can be manifested as Head Pain, Vomit, papilledema, etc. 6. Nephrotoxicity: patients with preexisting significant renal impairment may develop aggravation of azotemia, hyperphosphatemia and acidosis. 7. Double infection: Long-term application of this product can occur drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli and fungi caused by digestive tract, respiratory tract and urinary tract infections, severe cases can cause sepsis. 8. The application of tetracyclines can reduce the normal flora in the human body, leading to vitamin B deficiency, fungal reproduction, dry mouth, pharyngitis, angular cheilitis, glossitis, dark or discolored tongue coating, etc. |
| contraindication | ; this class of drugs can cause permanent discoloration of teeth, enamel dysplasia, and inhibit bone development, children under 8 years of age disabled.|
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:51
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