hydrogen,compressed
Hydrogen
CAS: 1333-74-0
Molecular Formula: H2
hydrogen,compressed - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Hydrogen |
| Synonyms | H2 Hydrogen Dihydrogen Liquid hydrogen Hydrogen molecule molecular hydrogen Compressed hydrogen Industrial Hydrogen hydrogen,compressed hydrogen,highpurity |
| CAS | 1333-74-0 |
| EINECS | 215-605-7 |
| InChI | InChI=1/H2/h1H/i1+0H |
hydrogen,compressed - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | H2 |
| Molar Mass | 2.02 |
| Density | 0.0899 |
| Melting Point | −259.2°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | −252.8°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | 0.00017 g/100 mL |
| Vapor Presure | Critical temperature is - 239.9 °C; noncondensible above this temperature |
| Vapor Density | 0.07 (21 °C, vs air) |
| Appearance | colorless gas |
| Odor | Odorless gas |
| Merck | 13,4813 |
| pKa | 35(at 25℃) |
| Stability | Stable. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Upper (U.K.) composition limit for use of a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture in the open lab is 5.7% hydrogen. |
| Explosive Limit | 74.2% |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic combustible gas. melting point -259.14 ℃ boiling point -252.8 ℃ relative density 0.0899 |
| Use | It is used as a raw material for ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis, hydrochloric acid synthesis, a reducing agent for metallurgy, a hydrodesulfurization agent for petroleum refining, etc. |
hydrogen,compressed - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F+ - Highly flammable |
| Risk Codes | 12 - Extremely Flammable |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. |
| UN IDs | UN 1950 2.1 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | MW8900000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
| Toxicity | TLV-TWA (ACGIH) None established; simple asphyxiant |
hydrogen,compressed - Upstream Downstream Industry
hydrogen,compressed - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless, tasteless, odorless, non-toxic flammable gas. Melting Point -259.2 ℃, boiling point -252. 77 ℃, relative density (O ℃, Air = 1)0. 06960. Gas density 0.08342kg.111-3( 21.1 ℃,101. 3kPa); Liquid density 70. 96kg.n-3 (-252.8 ℃,101. 3kPa). Critical temperature -239.9 ℃, critical pressure 1.297MPa. Dissolve in about 50 volumes of water at 0 °c. At high concentrations with asphyxiation. Easy diffusion and penetration. Strong reducing agent, the steel permeability, hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon. The hydrogen molecule is composed of two isomers, and the ratio of positive and secondary hydrogen is 75:25 at room temperature. As the temperature decreases, the proportion of secondary hydrogen increases, with the evolution of the heat of conversion. 20. At 4K, the equilibrium composition was 0.2:99.8. Hydrogen is non-toxic, but cannot sustain life. Mixing with air can form an explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion in case of open flame and high heat energy. With fluorine, chlorine, etc. can occur intense chemical reaction. When burning, no flame can be seen, and the mixture with air, oxygen, chlorine and so on is easy to be explosive, and the spontaneous combustion temperature is 571.2t. The flammable limit in air is 4.0% ~ 75.0%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
hydrogen,compressed - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
with electrolytic hydrogen as raw material, by catalytic deoxidation, drying, low temperature adsorption and other purification process. The preparation methods include low temperature liquefaction method, metal hydride hydrogen purification method, Palladium membrane diffusion method, hollow fiber membrane diffusion method and pressure swing adsorption method.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:47
hydrogen,compressed - Use
Open Data Verified Data
high-purity hydrogen is mainly used in the manufacture of large-scale integrated circuits, and a reducing atmosphere is provided as a base gas for preparing mixed gases such as SiH4/H2, PH3/H2, and B2 H6/H2. In the production process of electric vacuum materials and devices, the purity of hydrogen is also very high. Metal devices such as the anode, cathode and gate of the electron tube are subject to special hydrogen burning treatment. In addition, it is used as a protective gas and a carrier gas in the epitaxial process of silicon and gallium arsenide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:48
hydrogen,compressed - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
non-toxic. At very high concentrations, an anesthetic effect may occur. Frostbite can be caused by contact with liquid. Flammable compressed gas. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. The bin temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Should be stored separately from oxygen, compressed air, halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine), oxidants, etc. Mixed storage and transportation should not be avoided. Protection against impact and exposure to the sun.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:48
hydrogen,compressed - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | hydrogen is a chemical element that is first in the periodic table. The usual elemental form of hydrogen is hydrogen. It is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, extremely flammable gas composed of diatomic molecules, and hydrogen is the lightest gas. Hydrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 1, and the chemical symbol is H, which is located in the first position in the periodic table of the elements. |
| What is hydrogen? | hydrogen (H2), the smallest molecule in nature, the lightest gas, it has a very important role in our lives, and has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases in the human body, is the most promising clean energy. hydrogen, with the chemical formula H2, is a diatomic gas molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms by sharing a pair of electrons. Hydrogen is the smallest molecule in nature and the lightest gas, with a density of only 1/14 that of air. Hydrogen plays a very important role in our lives, because hydrogen can selectively remove hydroxyl radicals (OH) and peroxynitrite (onoo−), at the same time without affecting other physiological functions of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen can be used in the medical field, hydrogen has been confirmed to have significant preventive and therapeutic effects on many diseases. Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material, which can be used to synthesize ammonia, methanol, aldehydes and other important compounds. It can also be used as a reducing agent to reduce unsaturated bonds such as olefins, aldehydes and ketones, in particular, asymmetric hydrogenation in the presence of a chiral catalyst, It is widely used in the synthesis of natural products and drugs. At the same time, hydrogen as a renewable clean energy has attracted more and more attention. |
| History of the discovery of hydrogen gas | as early as the 16th century, the Swiss doctor Paracelsus put iron and acid together to get a burning gas, this gas is hydrogen, but because at that time he did not do further research on it, missed the opportunity to make a name for the history of chemical element discovery. By the 17th century, the Belgium scientist helmon had also been exposed to hydrogen by chance, but did not separate it and collect it for study. British chemist Boyle also collected the gas by chance, but did not study it. It was the British chemist Cavendish who really caught the opportunity. In 1766, in an experiment, the iron plate was accidentally dropped into the hydrochloric acid solution, and it was found that many bubbles were generated in the solution. This phenomenon immediately aroused the great interest of cvendish. He collected the gas through the drainage method and carried out a careful study, found that the gas and air mixed with Mars will burst, after burning in the air will generate water and a series of experimental results. Since caventis was the first to collect and study hydrogen, he became the recognized discoverer of hydrogen in the history of chemical element discovery. However, due to the influence of the theory of combustion, the gas was once considered to be a kind of combustion. It was not until 1787 that the French chemist Lavoisier formally proposed that hydrogen was an element, Since water is generated after the combustion of hydrogen, the flammable gas is named "hydrogen", which means the generator of water. |
| flammability | hydrogen is flammable. Under the conditions of ignition or heating, hydrogen can easily react with a variety of substances. Pure hydrogen in the ignition, can be quiet combustion, a light blue flame, release heat, water generation. If a dry cold beaker is covered with a flame, water droplets can be seen on the wall of the beaker. The concentration of hydrogen at which combustion occurs is in the range of 4-74%, below or above this concentration, it does not burn or burst even at high pressure. In an oxygen environment, the combustion concentration of hydrogen is in the range of 4-94%. When the oxygen concentration is less than 4%, the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen does not burn even under very high pressure conditions. People use this characteristic of hydrogen gas to use hydrogen gas for diving operations, and can also use these characteristics of hydrogen gas to design equipment for safe breathing of hydrogen gas. |
| hydrogen is reductive and oxidizing | hydrogen is reductive. The chemical nature of hydrogen is active, and the chemical reaction with oxygen generates water, which is prone to combustion and explosion. Flammability is also a manifestation of the reducibility of hydrogen, which is determined by the nature of hydrogen to reduce oxygen. Hydrogen can react not only with oxygen, but also with oxygen in some compounds. For example, red metallic copper can be obtained by passing hydrogen gas through hot copper oxide, and water is generated at the same time. In this reaction, hydrogen takes the oxygen in the copper oxide and generates water; The copper oxide loses oxygen and is reduced to red copper, which proves that hydrogen is a reducing agent, hydrogen can also reduce other metal oxides, such as tungsten trioxide, ferric oxide, lead oxide and zinc oxide. Although hydrogen is reductive, it does not mean that hydrogen has the same properties in solution or in vivo. For example, the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen requires a hydrogen concentration of more than 4%, the ignition point was 400 °c. In the human environment, even in the pure hydrogen environment, the dissolved concentration of hydrogen is only 1.8%, and because the body temperature is only 37 degrees Celsius, this condition is very far from the reaction conditions of hydrogen and oxygen, therefore, hydrogen and oxygen cannot react in the human body. This is the important reason why hydrogen has long been regarded as a physiological inert gas. hydrogen gas is not only reductive but also Oxidative. Hydrogen is a diatomic molecule covalently formed from hydrogen atoms, Each hydrogen atom can obtain one electron to form a negative hydrogen ion, which is found in the reaction with a strong reducing metal, and its effect is similar to that of chlorine. In this type of reaction, hydrogen belongs to the oxidant and can oxidize the metal to the metal ion. Strictly speaking, the product of the reaction of hydrogen and metal is a hydride, which is characterized by strong reducibility and is very easy to react with water to release a large amount of hydrogen. |
| Application | hydrogen can be used as a gaseous fuel, petroleum refining, manufacturing oils and fats, hardened oils and other margarine, methanol, hydrochloric acid, synthesis of ammonia, welding and metal cutting, meteorological observation, melting of glass, metallurgical industry, coolant (liquid hydrogen), balance gas for semiconductor manufacturing, etching gas, standard gas, Zero Point gas, calibration gas, thermal oxidation, polysilicon, tungsten, ion implantation, current-carrying, sintering, etc. |
| Use limit | moderate limit, in the final product should not remain. |
| Application | used in aerospace industry as high-energy propellant used in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid, ammonia, metal cutting, welding, metal extraction, purified semiconductor materials, etc. used as raw materials for ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis, hydrochloric acid synthesis, and reducing agents for metallurgy, The hydrogen-increasing desulfurizer in petroleum refining is used as dilution gas, carrier gas and reaction gas in large-scale integrated circuits and electronic devices, can also be used for the smelting of precious metals and metal oxide reduction for gas chromatography carrier gas, hydrogen flame detector combustion bottle, electron tube, semiconductor materials, integrated circuits and other used in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes. Chemical industry for the synthesis of ammonia, polyvinyl chloride, octanol, grease hardening, hydrogen peroxide and other products of raw materials. Metallurgical industry for metal cutting, welding of hydrogen and oxygen flame, non-ferrous metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, titanium production, high purity hydrogen in the processing is also used as reducing gas and protective gas. In the electronics industry, high purity hydrogen is used in the production of electronic materials, semiconductor materials and devices, integrated circuits, and electrical vacuum devices. With the development of liquid hydrogen production, its application in aerospace and rocket is becoming more and more extensive. GB 2760-96 is classified as a processing aid for the food industry. Such as for oil hydrogenation. |
| production method | Generally, during the electrolysis of salt, hydrogen is generated on the cathode, which is washed with water, compressed, alkali washed, frozen, dried, the purity of up to 99.8%. at present, the industrial hydrogen production methods include water electrolysis, sodium hydroxide by-product hydrogen production from electrolyzed brine, and conversion of fossil fuels (natural gas, petroleum, etc.). Production of caustic soda by electrolysis of aqueous salt (sodium chloride) by electrolysis of aqueous salt solution, chlorine gas is generated on the anode and hydrogen gas is generated on the cathode, which is washed with water, washed with compressed alkali, frozen and dried, hydrogen gas with a purity of 99.8% was obtained. Its NaCl + H2O [electrolysis] → 0.5Cl2+0.5H2 + NaOH anode reaction Cl-→ 0.5Cl2 ++ e cathode reaction H2O + e → OH-+0.5H2 ↑ water and electricity solution will be a certain voltage of DC water electrolysis cell, water is decomposed. Oxygen was precipitated on the anode and hydrogen was precipitated on the cathode. The conversion of fossil fuels for hydrogen production from a variety of fossil fuels-natural gas, oil and its products, coal, the process has great similarity. Its basic process is: steam conversion of hydrocarbons-including natural gas, light oil vapor conversion; Partial oxidation of crude oil, heavy oil and other liquid raw materials-partial oxidation; Coal gasification. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| Acute toxicity | asphyxial toxicity only |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mixture explosive with Air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability; Water vapor release from fire |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from the oxidant |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide, foam |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 500 to 590°C |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-25 12:04:24
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