inden
Indene
CAS: 95-13-6
Molecular Formula: C9H8
inden - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Indene |
| Synonyms | inden INDENE Indene 1H-INDENE 1H-indene Indenepract INDONAPHTHENE Technicalindene INDENE OEKANAL, 250 MG |
| CAS | 95-13-6 |
| EINECS | 202-393-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C9H8/c1-2-5-9-7-3-6-8(9)4-1/h1-6H,7H2 |
| InChIKey | YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
inden - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C9H8 |
| Molar Mass | 116.16 |
| Density | 0.996 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -5--3 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 181-182 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 138°F |
| Water Solubility | INSOLUBLE |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents such as benzene, alcohol, ether, etc. |
| Vapor Presure | 1.7 hPa (20 °C) |
| Appearance | Transparent liquid |
| Color | White to pale yellow |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 5 ppmNIOSH: TWA 10 ppm(45 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 14,4939 |
| BRN | 635873 |
| pKa | 20(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable, but air and light sensitive; may polymerize upon exposure to light. Typically contains aroung 80 - 100 ppm of p-tert-butylcatechol as inhibitor. Refrigerate. Flammable. |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.595(lit.) |
| MDL | MFCD00003777 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: colorless transparent liquid. melting point -2 ℃ boiling point 181.6 ℃ relative density 0.9915 refractive index 1.5762 flash point 78.33 ℃ solubility insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, alcohol, ether and other most organic solvents. |
| Use | Used in the synthesis of resins, pesticides and as solvents |
inden - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R10 - Flammable R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R20 - Harmful by inhalation |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 3295 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | NK8225000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2902 90 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | III |
inden - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, alcohol, ether and other most organic solvents, easy oxidation in the air, exposure to air and sunlight can form a polymer. The relative density was 0.9915. Melting Point -2 °c. Boiling point 181.6 °c. Refractive index 5762. Flash point 78. 33 °c.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
inden - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
in high-temperature tar, the content of indene is 0.25% -0. 3%. It mainly exists in the boiling range of 168~175 deg C of coal tar and crude benzene fraction, in the heavy benzene before 200 deg C, the content of coumarone and indene accounted for more than 4%. The pure product was obtained by distillation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:40:09
inden - Introduction
Insoluble in water, miscible with most conventional organic solvents, soluble in acetone, and miscible with ethanol and ether. It is easy to oxidize in the air and can form polymers when exposed to air and sunlight.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:30:18
inden - Use
Open Data Verified Data
synthesis of coumarone indene resin, insecticide, can also be used in organic solvents.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:40:08
inden - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- rats can tolerate repeated six times inhalation of 3. 8~4.2mg/L without visible poisoning symptoms. The maximum allowable concentration in workplace air is 240mg/m3.
- This product is flammable, open flame, high heat, there is a risk of combustion, should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse, away from the heat source, fire, separate from the oxidant, light light discharge, keep the packaging intact, not long-term, to prevent deterioration.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:40:10
inden - Reference Information
| olfactory Threshold | 0.0038ppm |
| LogP | 3.02 at 25℃ and pH6.4 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | indene, also known as benzocyclopropene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, low toxicity, human skin, the mucosa has a stimulating effect. It is naturally present in coal tar and crude oil, and indene is also released during incomplete combustion of ore fuels and the like. Formula C9H8. Molecular weight 116.16. The benzene ring and cyclopentadiene in its molecule share two adjacent carbon atoms. Appearance is a colorless liquid, non-volatile in the vapor, when standing to yellow, but exposure to sunlight will lose color, melting point -1.8°C, boiling point 182.6°C, flash point 58°C, relative density of 0.9960(25/4 deg C); Insoluble in water, can be miscible with ethanol or ether. Indene molecules contain highly chemically active Olefinic Bonds and are prone to polymerization or addition reactions. Coumarone-indene resin is a copolymer of indene and coumarone (see polymers). Indene can be polymerized at room temperature, heating or in the presence of an acidic catalyst, can make the polymerization rate increased dramatically, and concentrated sulfuric acid reaction to produce SEC-indene resin. Indene catalytic hydrogenation (see catalytic hydrogenation reaction) to produce dihydroindene. The methylene group in the indene molecule has similarities with the methylene group in the cyclopentadiene molecule. Easy oxidation, interaction with sulfur, complex, Weak acid reaction and reduction properties. Indene reacts with metallic sodium to form a sodium salt, and condenses with aldehydes and ketones (see condensation reaction) to form benzofulvenes: indene is obtained industrially from the distillation of light oil fractions from coal tar. Chemical synthesis method: at 625 ° C, from acetylene through activated carbon, or at 670 ° C four hydrogenated naphthalene by SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst obtained. Mainly used for resin raw materials, and other liquid hydrocarbon mixture as solvent paint. Hepatic necrosis and renal nest necrosis were confirmed in rats exposed at 800-900ppm (6h). Inhalation of the liquid produces a chemical property of Pneumonia. Dermatitis developed after repeated skin contact. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the working environment is 10ppm(45mg/m3) in the United States. |
| Use | used in the synthesis of resins, pesticides and solvents except for small amounts of intermediates used in organic solvents and pesticides, mainly used in the production of indene-coumarone resin. The raw material of indene-coumarone resin is the fraction of heavy benzene and light oil cut by distillation at 160-215 ℃, containing approximately 6% of styrene, 4% of coumarone, 40% of indene, 4-methyl styrene 5% and a small amount of xylene, toluene and other compounds, the total resin accounted for 60-70% of the raw materials. Under the action of a catalyst such as aluminum chloride, boron fluoride or concentrated sulfuric acid, indene and gumarone fractions are polymerized under pressure or without pressure, I .e., indene-gumarone resin is formed. mainly used in the production of indene-coumarone resin. The raw material of indene-coumarone resin is the fraction of heavy benzene and light oil cut by distillation at 160-215 ℃, containing approximately 6% of styrene, 4% of coumarone, 40% of indene, 4-methyl styrene 5% and a small amount of xylene, toluene and other compounds, the total resin accounted for 60-70% of the raw materials. Under the action of a catalyst such as aluminum chloride, boron fluoride or concentrated sulfuric acid, indene and gumarone fractions are polymerized under pressure or without pressure, I .e., indene-gumarone resin is formed. It may be mixed with other liquid hydrocarbons as a coating solvent. It may also be used as an intermediate to the insecticide or in combination with other liquid hydrocarbons as a coating solvent. |
| production method | in high temperature tar, indene content is 0.25%-0.3%, it mainly exists in coal tar and crude benzene fraction with boiling point of 168-175 ℃, and in heavy benzene before 200 ℃, coumarone and indene account for more than 40%. The distillation is carried out on a fractionation column with 44 theoretical plates using heavy benzene as a raw material, the reflux ratio is controlled to 15-20:1, the top temperature of the cut column is 180.6-181.1 ° C., and the content of indene can reach 98%. Another method for extracting indene is azeotropic distillation using heavy benzene and crude solvent oil as raw materials and furfural as an azeotropic agent. Since furfural or formaldehyde can form an azeotrope with the hydrocarbon components of heavy benzene, but does not form an azeotrope with indene, pure products can be prepared. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50: 14000 mg/m3 |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The package is complete, light, light; The warehouse is ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, separate from oxidant |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand, water mist |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 10 PPM (45 mg/m3); Tel 6 PPM (15 mg/m3) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:49:11
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