k2(sub20)
Menaquinone (K2)
CAS: 863-61-6
Molecular Formula: C31H40O2
k2(sub20) - Names and Identifiers
k2(sub20) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C31H40O2 |
| Molar Mass | 444.65 |
| Density | 1.0461 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 350C |
| Boling Point | 494.59°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 2℃ |
| Solubility | Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, Heated) |
| Appearance | neat |
| Color | Light Yellow to Yellow Oil to Low-Melting |
| Storage Condition | -20°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.5045 (estimate) |
k2(sub20) - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| UN IDs | UN 1648 3 / PGII |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | QL9279500 |
| HS Code | 2914699000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 intravenous in dog: > 40mL/kg |
k2(sub20) - Reference Information
| Introduction | Vitamin K is a class of compounds with quinone structure, including 5 kinds of different structure compounds, namely vitamin K1, k2, K3, K4, K5. Studies have shown that vitamin K2 has the effect of osteogenesis, promoting calcium metabolism, and inhibiting bone resorption caused by osteoclasts, thereby increasing bone density and preventing osteoporosis. Vitamin K2 is a series of compounds, light yellow crystals, mainly synthesized by intestinal bacteria, according to the length of the isoprene side chain on C3, a total of 14 kinds, mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis is vitamin K2(20), I .e., tetraenmenadione. Tetraenmenadione is an oily substance, and has the characteristics of light and easy decomposition, so it is suitable for making soft capsule dosage form. |
| trait | a yellow crystal obtained from acetone-ethanol or methanol-chloroform with a molecular weight of 580.90, melting point of 51~52 ℃, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in oil, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents, but its solubility is slightly worse than Vitamin K1. It is decomposed by the action of strong acid, oxidant, alkali and light. It is found in green leaves and vegetables, as well as in fish, meat, cheese, and liver oil. It can be extracted from millet leaves and rotted fish meat, and can also be synthesized from 2-methylnaphthoquinone-1, 4 as raw material. It can promote blood coagulation, and is an effective fat-soluble vitamin for controlling blood coagulation. For the treatment of gallbladder disease and neonatal hemorrhage. |
| physiological functions | tetraenmenadione is a naturally occurring vitamin containing the basic structure of menadione and having an anti-bleeding effect, demm discovered that there are two kinds of vitamin K in nature, K1 and K2, both of which are naphthoquinone compounds. This product is yellow crystal or oily liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents and vegetable oil, heat resistant, but easy to be damaged by light. tetraenmenadione can promote the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, regulate the synthesis of coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and accelerate blood coagulation. In addition, it plays an important role in glucose phosphorylation in cells. In some bacteria (e. G., mycobacteria), it can be used as a component of the respiratory chain. After the lack, the duration of bleeding is prolonged, so there will be bleeding in the presence of trauma. Bacteria in the intestines of humans and animals can be synthesized, so it is generally not easy to get deficiency. |
| deficiency | human intestinal bacteria can produce tetraenmenadione (vitamin K2), so there is no risk of deficiency. However, such as long-term use of sulfonamides or antibiotics to inhibit bacteria, or any cause of lipid malabsorption: such as bile duct obstruction, fat stool, tropical Diarrhea, pancreatic dysfunction, etc, both will lead to vitamin K deficiency. Usually harmless minor injuries can also cause bleeding and death in animals lacking K. Therefore, patients with intestinal obstruction and bile duct obstruction must be injected with vitamin K before surgery. Newborn infants can also occur in the absence of sterile intestinal cavity K neonatal hemorrhagic disease, can continue to the intestinal cavity until the bacteria. Prenatal K injection to pregnant women can be prevented. Such as direct injection of newborns should not be too much, so as not to cause hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. There is no risk of vitamin K deficiency in adults as long as intestinal fat is well absorbed. It is well known that in patients with a deficiency of vitamin K, prothrombin in the blood is reduced and the bleeding time is prolonged. Therefore, it is considered that the main function of K is to promote the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver. After years of research found that vitamin K on Coagulation Factors VII, IX, X in the liver in the production also has a role in promoting. In the absence of K, these blood coagulation factors will decrease. Because of this, when suffering from liver cancer or cirrhosis, liver tissue is severely damaged, liver function is abnormal, even if Vitamin K is administered. |
| mechanism of action | the biochemical mechanism of action of vitamin K has been debated. Recently, it was not thought to promote the biosynthesis of the protein prothrombin, but only to convert the N-terminal 10 glutamic acid residues of the proenzyme precursor molecule into the thrombin that can bind to Ca2. It is clear that the gamma carboxylated glutamate residue is where prothrombin binds to CA2. This gamma carboxylation requires the participation of vitamin K. Gamma carboxylation may be widespread. Vitamin K is important for the synthesis of all four coagulation factors. |
| biological activity | Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) is a very important fat-soluble Vitamin in the protection of the heart and brain, plays an important role in the process of building strong bones. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:32:09
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