| Density | 1.002g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 120°F |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.5180(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Light yellow to brown viscous volatile essential oil. With a unique and lasting aroma like Violet, calamus and vetiver. Soluble in ethanol, most non-volatile oils and mineral oils, insoluble in glycerol and propylene glycol. |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | GN1775000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in rat: 3400mg/kg |
| FEMA | 2336 | COSTUS ROOT OIL (SAUSSUREA LAPPA CLARKE ) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | woody incense mainly contains volatile oil, and its active ingredient is mainly sesquiterpene lactone, which has the effects of relaxing smooth muscle, antispasmodic and moderately lowering blood pressure. Muxiang oil is a brown viscous volatile essential oil aroma, with special woody and burnt aroma, this product powder brown purple or yellow brown, soluble in ethanol, most non-volatile oil and mineral oil, insoluble in glycerin and propylene glycol. It is obtained from the dried (shaded) roots of the perennial herb of the genus Saussurea (Coriandrum sativum), crushed, distilled by steam or extracted with solvent, and then distilled the resinous extract. |
| overview | woody incense is a perennial herb of Compositae Aucklandia lappa Decne. The dried roots, mainly produced in Yunnan, also known as Yunmuxiang, were first published in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", the 2000 edition of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (Part I). The main ingredients in the wood are wood oil, sterols, alkaloids, and organic acids. In recent years, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies have found that the main active ingredient of wood sesame oil is a mixture of sesquiterpenes (Costunolide) and dehydrogenated wood fragrance (Dehydrocostuslactone). It has obvious pharmacological effects in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, inhibition of vasoconstriction and immune regulation. |
| main ingredients | yunmuxiang oil 38%, yunmuxiang alcohol, myrcene. |
| Source | Muxiang is a tall perennial herb. The main root is stout and the outer skin is brown. Stems unbranched, upper part pubescent. The basal leaves are very large, triangular, with long petioles with wing and pinnate; the stem leaves are ovate or ovate, triangular-ovate, and the base is wedge-shaped and extends down into a winged stalk or sessile, with irregular edges The teeth have short spines at the end, with rough hairs on the top, glabrous below or only sparse short hairs on the veins. The wood contains 1% ~ 2.8% volatile oil (steam distillation or 4% ~ 7% solvent extraction), the oil contains geranium thin (myrcene), β-olive thin (β-elemene), linalool (linalool), paracilone (p-cymene), clove thin (caryophllene), grass thin (humulene), cedar thin (cedrene) and costule lactone (costuslac-tone), dihydroxyloolide (dihydrocostuslactone), dehydroxyloolide, costule lactone (costunolide), dihydroxyloolide lactone, 12-Methoxy dihydrowoody hydrocarbon, α-cotyleic acid, 12-methoxy dihydrodehydrowoody hydrocarbon lactone. Costustume mainly contains volatile oil, and its active ingredient is mainly sesquiterpene lactone, which has the effects of relaxing smooth muscle, antispasmodic and moderately lowering blood pressure. |
| Efficacy and effect | 1. Anti-inflammatory effect Costustae or Costustae is clinically used to treat esophagitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer, Rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, the pharmacological basis of its anti-inflammatory effect is mainly manifested in the inhibitory effect of its active ingredients on inflammatory factors. Inflammatory factors include NO, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor (CINC), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), etc. 2. Anti-tumor effect is commonly used in clinical treatment of tumors with compound wood. In recent years, a large number of pharmacological studies have also confirmed that the active ingredients in Radix Radix have killing effects on a variety of cancer cells. 3. The effect on the digestive system. The traditional Chinese medicine compatible with wood incense or wood incense can be clinically used to treat digestive tract diseases, such as esophagitis, gastritis and stomach pain, ulcer disease, gallstones, indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, Nausea and vomiting, etc. 4. Antispasmodic and analgesic and its effect on the cardiovascular system. The traditional Chinese medicine compatible with Radix wood or Radix wood is also clinically used to treat angina pectoris, biliary colic, stomach pain, abdominal pain, hypertension, diabetes, bronchial asthma and other diseases. The pharmacological basis lies in its antispasmodic analgesia and its effect on the cardiovascular system. 1) Antispasmodic and analgesic effects: The alkaloids in the extract of Radix Radix has a significant antispasmodic effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs caused by histamine. 2) Effects on the cardiovascular system: The effects of Muxiang on the cardiovascular system are first manifested in lowering blood pressure and anti-blood agglutination. 5. The effect of anti-pathogenic microorganisms. Muxiang or Muxiang is clinically used to treat gastritis, gastric ulcer, hepatitis, reflux esophagitis, dysentery, skin diseases, and certain oral diseases. This may be related to the resistance of Muxiang to pathogenic microorganisms. The pharmacological effects are related. |
| production process | steam distillation is the most commonly used method for extracting volatile oil from Chinese herbal medicines. this method is economical and practical, simple and safe to operate, and has little environmental pollution. Especially in large-scale production, this method can make the extraction of volatile oil and the decoction of medicinal materials simultaneously, saving time and energy, so it is widely used. The best extraction process of wood incense oil is to crush wood incense into a particle size of 1~3 cm, add 7 times the amount, soak for 0 h, and distill for 8 h. The extraction process is stable, and the RSD of tertiary extraction is 1.41%. Different immersion extracts are used to carry out the extraction of Yunmuxiang oil. According to the test results, it is found that the extraction of saturated sodium chloride solution can obtain better results, up to 3.80%. On the basis of the above results, five single-factor experiments with different crushing degrees, water addition multiples, soaking time and distillation time were carried out, and the optimal process conditions were 60~80 mesh, 12 times, 9 h and 10 h respectively. The extraction process is to soak the medicinal particles in 10 times the amount of water for 30 min, steam distillation for 5 h, and the best inclusion process is 45 ℃. |
| prepare | dry block woody root raw product produced in the current year, make it clean, cut into 2 mm thick slices, take 300g, place in a pan, fry until the surface is slightly yellow at 150 ℃, take it out, cool it, crush it, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, add 3 times the volume of methanol, soak it overnight at room temperature, and put it into a percolation cylinder, percolation extraction with 10 times the volume of methanol at 10 ℃, filtration with percolation liquid, recovery of methanol under reduced pressure to a final volume of about 200 ml, addition of 700 ml of distilled water to the concentrated solution to adjust the volume ratio of methanol content to about 20%, extraction with ether, 2500 ml × 1, drying and filtering with anhydrous Na2SO4, distillation and concentration in hot water bath, condensation of ice water, recovery of ether, about 100 mL of solution remains in the distillation container, and distillation is stopped, take out the residual solution, place it in a fume hood and volatilize the ether. The residue is refined by molecular distillation. The distillation pressure is 0.13 mbar, the film scraping rate is 200 r/min, and the feed rate is 1.2 g/min. The distillate below 160 ℃ is collected to obtain wood sesame oil. |
| components | the main components of the 32 components identified in wood sesame oil are (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-decyl triethylenetetramine -1-alcohol, trans caryophyllene, T-orone, caryophyllene, geraniol acetone, B- serrene and A- curcumene. We identified (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-decadyl triethylenetetramine -1-alcohol, β-serrene, cedar, anisole and other compounds: |
| toxicity | GRAS(FEMA). In May 1998, the International Spice Association stipulated that it was absolutely banned because of allergens. |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): soft drink 0.08; Cold drink 0.90; Candy 1.9; Baked food 1.2; Pudding 0.10. Moderate limit (FDA § 172.510,2000). |
| use | GB 2760-96 specifies edible spices that are allowed to be used. used as a raw material for soap and spices used for cosmetics, detergents, incense products, insecticides and medical health products, etc. this product is brown viscous volatile essential oil aroma: with special woody incense and burnt incense. this product powder is brownish purple or yellowish brown. The duct with marginal perforations is huge, the diameter of the complete one is about 300 μm, and it is mostly broken. The marginal perforations are large and clear, and the lumen contains reddish brown or yellow-brown objects. The fibers are bundled, brown-red, 8~26 μm in diameter, and the walls are very thick. Some of the cells around the fiber bundles contain calcium oxalate square crystals, forming crystal fibers, and the walls of crystal-containing cells are uneven and thickened. Calcium oxalate square crystal diameter 6~22 μm. Wood rays are 1~2 rows of cells wide, up to 15 cells, with slightly thicker walls and denser pores. Pigment block reddish brown, yellow brown or light yellow |
| production method | dried (shaded) roots of the perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Saussurea (Coriandrum sativum), crushed, distilled by steam or solvent extraction, and then distilled the resinous extract. The yield is 1% ~ 2.8%. Yunmuxiang is mainly produced in southern China and the Himalayas. |