nitratine
Sodium nitrate
CAS: 7631-99-4;15621-57-5
Molecular Formula: NNaO3
nitratine - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Sodium nitrate |
| Synonyms | E251 niter nitratine Soda niter cubicniter nitrateofsoda CHILE SALPETER Sodium nitrate Natriumnitrat nitratedesodium nitricacidsodiumsalt Nitricacid,sodiumsalt nitratedesodium(french) Chile saltpeter, Soda niter Sodium nitrate for industrial use |
| CAS | 7631-99-4 15621-57-5 |
| EINECS | 231-554-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/NO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/q-1;+1 |
nitratine - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | NNaO3 |
| Molar Mass | 84.99 |
| Density | 1.1g/mLat 25°C |
| Melting Point | 306 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 380 °C |
| Water Solubility | 900 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Specific Gravity | 2.261 |
| Color | White or colorless |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Merck | 14,8647 |
| PH | 5.5-8.0 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at RT. |
| Stability | Stable. Strong oxidizer - may ignite flammable material. Incompatible with cyanides, combustible material, strong reducing agents, aluminium. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Properties colorless three-party crystal or rhomboid crystal or white fine crystal or powder. Odorless, salty, slightly bitter. melting point 306.8 ℃ relative density 2.261 solubility soluble in water and liquid ammonia, soluble in ethanol, methanol, slightly soluble in glycerol and acetone. |
| Use | Used in the preparation of potassium nitrate, explosives, picric acid, dyes, etc., used in medicine as osmotic pressure regulator |
nitratine - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R34 - Causes burns R36 - Irritating to the eyes |
| Safety Description | S17 - Keep away from combustible material. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) |
| UN IDs | UN 1498 5.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | WC5600000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 31025090 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rabbits: 1.955 g anion/kg (Dollahite, Rowe) |
nitratine - Upstream Downstream Industry
nitratine - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
sodium nitrate is a colorless and transparent diamond-shaped crystal at room temperature, or a white or microstrip yellow particle or powder. Salty, slightly bitter. Deliquescence in moist air. The relative density is 2. 257, the melting point is 308 ℃, the boiling point is 308 ℃, and the NaN02 and 02 are formed by decomposition during boiling. Very soluble in water, liquid ammonia and glycerol, difficult to dissolve in ethanol, methanol, very difficult to dissolve in acetone. 400~600 deg C when the release of N2 and 02; Heat to 700 deg C when the release of NO;775~865 deg C when a small amount of N02 and N2 0 formation. The residue after decomposition was N2 0. When dissolved in water, the water temperature drops and the aqueous solution is neutral. Sodium nitrate is an oxidant, and wood, cloth, oil and other organic contact, can cause combustion and explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
nitratine - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The nitrogen oxides in the tail gas of nitric acid production are absorbed by a soda ash solution to obtain a neutralization solution, and the neutralization solution is sent to a converter, and nitric acid is added to oxidize sodium nitrite to sodium nitrate. The free acid in the converted solution is neutralized with soda ash solution, evaporated under normal pressure, and then subjected to cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying and other steps to prepare sodium nitrate product. Or the use of slightly acid and soda ash or caustic soda reaction to prepare sodium nitrate. Can also use the ion exchange method, with NaCI and NH4 NOa as raw materials, respectively, prepared into a certain content of solution, through the ion exchange resin bed, prepared sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride solution, respectively, and then concentrated, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying, packaging, to obtain the product sodium nitrate and by-product ammonium chloride.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:52:52
nitratine - Use
Open Data Verified Data
sodium nitrate in the field of water treatment is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor, boiler metal embrittlement inhibitor. When Sodium nitrate is used as a metal embrittlement inhibitor, it should be used in combination with sodium hydroxide and maintain a certain proportion. The addition of sodium nitrate to a low-pressure boiler system prevents the embrittlement of metallic materials. In addition, other areas of use are also broad.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:52:53
nitratine - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
sodium nitrate is a strong oxidant, which can contribute to the fire when combustible materials are on fire. Combustion and explosion can be caused by contact with oxidizable substances, sulfur, reducing agents and strong acids. When burning, there is a yellow flame, which produces toxic and irritating nitrogen oxide gas, which has a stimulating effect on the skin. A large number of people by mouth intake can produce gastroenteritis, Abdominal Pain, Vomit, arrhythmia, pulse unevenness and other symptoms, severe spasms to death. The lethal dose of human LD is 15.3g. After contact of the eyes and skin with sodium nitrate, it should be washed with a large amount of water. They shall not be co-stored with organic substances, acids, alkalis and other flammable substances. Transportation should be strictly protected from sun and rain.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:52:53
nitratine - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 73g/0 ℃;80.8g/10 ℃;87.6g/20 ℃;94.9g/30 ℃;102g/40 ℃ 122g/60 ℃;148g/80 ℃;180g/100 ℃ |
| identification test | positive for nitrate test (IT-23) and sodium salt test (IT-28). |
| content analysis | GB 1891-86 method principle when nitrate and nitrogen-fixing alloy (45A150(;u5Zn) are boiled in strong alkaline solution, the reaction releases hydrogen from the new ecology and reduces the nitrogen in nitrate (or other nitrogen-containing compounds) to ammonia. The ammonia evolved from the reaction is absorbed with sulfuric acid and the excess sulfuric acid is titrated with a standard alkali solution. Preparation of reagent and solution mixture indicator solution 0.12g of Methyl red and 0.08g of methylene blue were weighed and homogeneously mixed and then dissolved in 100mi. 95% ethanol. The definite nitrogen alloy shall be crushed to a mixed alloy of less than 20 mesh, wherein the alloy of less than 80 mesh shall not exceed 20%. 14g of well-mixed sample (0.0002g) was placed in a beaker, dissolved with water, transferred to a mL volumetric flask, diluted to the scale, and used after shaking. A distillation apparatus as shown in the figure was used. 50ml of a 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution was aspirated with a pipette, placed in a ML Erlenmeyer flask, and 50ml of water was added. 50ml of the prepared sample solution was aspirated with a pipette and placed in a 7.5 ml flat-bottom distillation flask. g of the nitrogen alloy was added thereto, and of water was added along the wall of the flask. The distillation device is connected as shown in the figure, and the end of the tube 4 is touched to the bottom of the bottle. 70ml of sodium hydroxide solution (300g/L solution) was rapidly added to the distillation flask 1, and a rubber stopper was immediately inserted. After 20min of reaction at room temperature, the reaction mixture was slightly heated for 10min, and then distilled at high temperature. After 50~60min From the beginning of boiling, the volume of the solution in the absorption bottle is about 270ml (the volume of the residual liquid is about 1/3 of the initial volume), and the conical flask is reduced, the tip of the absorption tube 4 is removed from the liquid level of the solution in the conical flask, and the tube 4 is washed with water to stop heating. At the same time, a blank test is carried out, which is the same as the sample measurement except that the sample solution is replaced by water of the same volume. Where c -- concentration of sodium hydroxide standard solution (0.5mol/L)V. -- Blank consumption volume of sodium hydroxide standard solution, ml;V -- Sample consumption volume of sodium hydroxide standard solution, ml;m -- mass of sample, g;z -- moisture content measured according to this standard, -- According to the standard measured sodium nitrite content, Y; 0.08499-sodium nitrate mmol mass, g;1.232-sodium nitrite converted to the coefficient of sodium nitrate. Parallel determination of the difference between the two results should not be greater than 0.3%. The arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results was taken as the measurement results. The difference between the results of different laboratories is not more than 0.5%. Note general matters before making the sample, the reference potassium nitrate should be used to replace the sample for verification, and the verification method is the same as the sample method. The calculation method is as follows. In the formula G a reference mass of potassium nitrate, g; 0.10111-millimolar mass of potassium nitrate, g. The results of several analyses of the standard potassium nitrate were between 99.95% and 100.05%, that is, the test device was considered to be in good condition (at least between 99.80% and 100.10%). II. Accurate weighing by FAO/WHO method about 105g of the sample, which had been pre-dried at 0.4 ℃ for 4H, was transferred into a 500ral round-bottom flask and dissolved by adding water 300m]. Devardas alloy powder (3G) and 40% sodium hydroxide solution (15ml) were added, and the flask was attached with an anti-splash ball and a condenser. Stand for 2H. 0.1mol/L sulfuric acid 50ml in a receiving bottle, to contain TS-150 ml distillate, and three drops of Methyl red-methyl blue test solution (), excess sulfuric acid was titrated with 0 ~ mol/L sodium hydroxide. A blank test was also performed. Each ml of 0.1mol/L sulfuric acid corresponds to 8.5mg of sodium nitrate (NaNO3). |
| toxicity | ADI 0~3.7mg/kg, but not for infants under 3 months of age FAO/WHO,2001). LD50 1100 ~ 2000mg/kg (rat, oral). Six months after birth children are particularly sensitive to nitrate, it is not suitable for children's food. HACSG (EC child protection group) recommends food restrictions for infants and young children. The dust has irritative effects on respiratory organs and skin. Sodium nitrate in the body to reduce the characteristics of sodium nitrite, often resulting in the formation of denatured hemoglobin, in drinking water containing 50~100 rng/L sodium nitrate, blood denatured hemoglobin increased significantly. Production workers should wear work clothes, protective masks, latex gloves and other labor protection articles to prevent dust inhalation and protect the respiratory organs and skin. Production equipment should be closed and the workshop should be well ventilated. Take a shower after work. The toxic effect of sodium nitrate is mainly due to its reduction to nitrite in food, in water or in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the gastrointestinal tract of infants. LD50 1100 ~ 2000mg/kg (rat, oral). Adl 0~5 mg/kg. In accordance with China's GB 2760-86, as a color agent can be used in meat products, the maximum use of 0.5g/kg; Residues in sodium nitrite, meat can not exceed 0.05g/kg, meat products should not exceed 0.03g/kg. 6 months after birth children are particularly sensitive to nitrate, it is not suitable for children's food. |
| usage limit | GB 2760-1996: same as "17301, potassium nitrate". FAO/WHO(1984,mg/kg): cooked ham, cooked pig front leg, the maximum use of 500; General cheese 50. FDA,§ 172.170(2000,mg/kg): total sodium nitrate 500, total sodium nitrite 200. |
| Use | used in the preparation of potassium nitrate, explosives, picric acid, dyes, etc., used in medicine as osmotic pressure regulator Meat coloring agent; antimicrobial Agents; Preservatives. sodium nitrate is one of the early nitrogen fertilizer varieties. Chile in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, large-scale mining of sodium nitrate for the world as a nitrogen fertilizer. Farmers in Shanshan county, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China, dig the Gobi beach surface soil containing NaNO3 as fertilizer, planted grapes, fruits and so on, and the fertilizer effect is remarkable. Sodium nitrate is a mineral raw material for the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizer, nitric acid, picric acid, explosives, dyes and other nitrogen compounds. It is also used in glass, metallurgy, light industry and other industrial sectors. sodium nitrate is also the color-developing agent permitted in China. It in meat products due to the role of bacteria and reduced to sodium nitrite and the role of color protection and antibacterial. China's provisions can be used for meat products, the maximum use of 0.5g/kg, residues should not exceed 0.03g/kg. used as a coloring agent in the processing of meat products, it can prevent the deterioration of meat and play a role in flavoring. Also used as antimicrobial agents, preservatives. is a raw material for the manufacture of potassium nitrate, mine explosives, picric acid, dyes, etc. Nitrating agents for the manufacture of dye intermediates. The glass industry is used as a defoamer, a decolorizing agent, a fining agent and an oxidation flux for the production of various glasses and their products. The enamel industry is used as an oxidant and flux for the preparation of enamel powder. The machinery industry is used as a metal cleaning agent, and is also used for the preparation of black metal bluing agent. The metallurgical industry is used as a heat treatment agent for steel making and aluminum alloy. A combustion improver used in the light industry in the manufacture of cigarettes. The pharmaceutical industry is used as a medium for penicillin. The chemical fertilizer industry is used as a rapid-acting fertilizer for acid soils, especially for root crops such as sugar beet and radish. It is also used as a decolorizing agent for molten caustic soda. used as analytical reagents, oxidants, but also for the production of nitric acid, explosives and pyrotechnic |
| production method | tail gas (containing NO + NO2 0.5% ~ 1.5%) from dilute nitric acid production by absorption method through the bottom of the absorption tower, a solution of sodium carbonate having a relative density of 1.240 to 1.3 and a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C. Is used to absorb nitrogen oxide in the gas from the top of the absorption tower to obtain a neutralized liquid. The neutralized solution is sent to the converter, and nitric acid is added to convert sodium nitrite into sodium nitrate, and the conversion reaction temperature is maintained at 90-105 ° C. While being stirred by air. After the conversion of the solution, the free acid is neutralized with soda ash solution to keep the alkalinity below 0.3g/L, evaporated at atmospheric pressure until the boiling point of the solution reaches 123~125 °c, crystallized by cooling, centrifugal separation, drying, preparation of sodium nitrate products. The Na2CO3 + NO + NO2 → 2NaNO2 + CO2 + Na2CO3 +2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + CO2 +3NaNO2+2HNO3 → 3NaNO3 + H2O + 2NO + nitrogen oxide gas released during the reaction, can be returned to the nitric acid production system, the production of nitric acid. In the production of cadmium nitrate, cobalt, nickel, silver and other nitrates, the nitrogen oxide gas released during the reaction is absorbed by the caustic soda solution commonly used in industry, because of its faster absorption speed, for the production of sodium nitrate. Double decomposition method 50% ~ 52% calcium nitrate solution and industrial sodium sulfate and circulating sodium nitrate solution were added into the reactor with stirring, and the reaction was carried out at 50~55 ℃ for 3~4H under stirring, the gypsum is filtered off with a vacuum filter, and the filtrate is further filtered to remove impurities. The gypsum is washed with water and then discharged. The washing water is combined with the filtrate, after cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying, sodium nitrate product was prepared. Its Ca(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → 2NaNO3 + CaSO4 ↓ direct extraction method to break the sodium nitrate ore to a certain particle size, with fresh water (or brine) Spray heap leaching to obtain a certain concentration of sodium nitrate brine, and the salt is separated by cold-cooled salt, and the brine is sent to the salt field for evaporation in the sun. When sodium nitroalum (NaNO3 · Na2SO4 · H2O) crystals appear, after filtration, the brine after by-production of sodium chloride is continued to be evaporated in the sun to obtain a semi-finished product containing sodium alum and sodium alum. Then, the semi-finished product is heated and dissolved with a certain amount of brine (or crystallization mother liquor), and impurities are removed by filtration. The filtrate is cooled to crystallize, centrifuged and dried to prepare a sodium nitrate finished product. The mother liquor is returned for heating to dissolve the semi-finished product. conversion method sodium nitrite concentrated mother liquor and dilute nitric acid are sent to the conversion Tower together, heated by steam and stirred with compressed air to convert into sodium nitrate solution, then add soda ash solution and micro-alkaline sodium nitrate solution, and then after purification, filtration, remove arsenic and heavy metals, and then by evaporation concentration, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying, prepared edible sodium nitrate products. Its 3NaNO2+2HNO3 → 3NaNO3 + H2O + 2NO absorption method using soda ash solution with relative density of 1.24~1.30 to absorb nitrate or discharge from nitric acid production containing 0.5% ~ 1.5% NO and tail gas of NO2 mixture, the content of NaNO3/NaNO2 in the neutralization solution can be controlled by the ratio of N02/NO in the tail gas. Na2CO3 + NO + NO2 → 2NraNO2 + CO2 ↑ Na2CO3 +2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + CO2 ↑ simultaneously, nitric acid is added to the neutralization solution to convert NaNO2 into NaNO3: after the conversion of 3NaNO2+2HNO3 → 3NaN03 + H2O + 2NO, the neutralized liquid is neutralized with soda ash solution until the free alkali is below 0.3g/L, and the absorbed liquid is evaporated and concentrated at 132 ℃, It was then cooled to 75 °c for crystallization, and the product was isolated and dried. Industrial sodium sulfate, 50% ~ 52% calcium nitrate solution and circulating sodium nitrate solution were added to the reactor by double decomposition method, and the reaction was stirred at 50~55 C for 3~4H; Then filtered, the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation, cooled to crystallize, separated and dried to obtain a product, and the mother liquor is recycled for use. Ca(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → 2NaNO3 + CaSO4 ↓ with few mining points and small scale, open-pit mining method is used. After the ore is broken, it is put into the processing program. Xinjiang Shanshan County chemical plant (sodium nitrate mine) mineral processing process is as follows: The tail gas in nitric acid production is absorbed by alkali solution, converted by nitric acid, and then neutralized by alkali solution, evaporated and crystallized, isolated. |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1267 mg/kg; Intravenous cavity-mouse LD50: 175 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive mixture with sulfur, phosphorus, charcoal and other combustible materials |
| flammability hazard characteristics | oxygen is decomposed by heat; Combustible materials such as organic matter, reductant, charcoal, sulfur and phosphorus are encountered; toxic NOx smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation; Light loading light unloading; And organic matter, reducing agent, charcoal, separate storage of sulfur and phosphorus combustibles |
| fire extinguishing agent | water and sand mist |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-09-04 09:18:24
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