| Name | Sorbitan |
| Synonyms | Sorbitan D(-)-1,4-Sorbitan |
| CAS | 12441-09-7 |
| EINECS | 235-671-0 |
| Molecular Formula | C6H12O5 |
| Molar Mass | 164.15648 |
| Melting Point | 113 °C(Solv: ethyl acetate (141-78-6); ethanol (64-17-5)) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Chemical properties Sorbitol is a white crystalline powder, odorless, sweet and hygroscopic. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in chloroform and ether. specific rotation +4.0 ° +7.0 °, melting point 95 ℃. 5.48% aqueous solution and serum isotonic. Sorbitol and mannitol are isomers, and their efficacy is similar to mannitol. They are effective osmotic diuretics. Because sorbitol enters the human body, more parts are converted into glycogen and lose their osmotic activity, so the effect is weaker than mannitol. But the solubility is larger than that of mannitol, it can be made into a solution with a higher concentration, and the price is lower, so it can be used as a substitute for mannitol. Sorbitol injection is a sterilized aqueous solution of sorbitol, which is a colorless and clear liquid. |
| Use | Use diuretic dehydrating agent. For the treatment of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, the treatment of glaucoma intraocular pressure increased, but also for normal heart and kidney function edema, Oliguria. |
| Raw Materials | Sodium hydroxide Styrene Sorbitol ANION EXCHANGE RESIN 717 AMBERLITE IR-120 AMBERLYST(R) 15 |
| Downstream Products | Span 80 Tween 80 |
| EPA chemical information | Sorbitan (12441-09-7) |
Method 1. hydrogenation reduction method
Hydrogenation Add water to glucose (for oral administration), dissolve it at 90 ℃, and prepare 530g/L(53%) aqueous solution with a relative density of 1.25. Add 1-5g/L(0.1%-0.5%) activated carbon according to glucose while hot, and stir and filter to obtain clarified liquid. Then 0.1% nickel catalyst (R-20) is added according to glucose weight and reacted in a 250L hydrogenation tank at a pressure of 4903kPa(50kgf/cm2) or 7848kPa(80kgf/cm2). The reaction is carried out at 146 ℃ for 2-4h or 45min. When the reducing sugar content is below 0.5%, the hydrogenation reaction end point is reached to obtain hydrogenation liquid. The yield is 99.8%-100% and the pH is about 5.
Glucose [water, activated carbon, R-20, H2]& rarr;[490.5kPa(50kgf/cm2), 146 ℃, 2-4h] hydrogenation solution
The crude hydrogenation solution is left standing in a precipitation tank to precipitate solid impurities. The upper layer solution is ion exchanged with 732 strongly acidic cation exchange resin H + type (250L column filled with 180kg resin) to make the nickel salt content below 5 × 10-6 and pH4 or so. The pH value is adjusted to 5-6 with sodium hydroxide to obtain crude sorbitol. The content is 50%, the refractive index is 1.419, the reducing sugar is lower than 0.5%, the nickel content is lower than 5 × 10-6, and the yield is about 97% based on the mass of glucose.
Hydrogenation liquid [732 resin; NaOH]& rarr;[pH4; pH5-6] crude sorbitol
Refined and take 50% sorbitol solution, pass through a 1:2 mixed bed composed of styrene sulfonic acid type strong cation exchange resin and quaternary ammonium salt salt type strong anion exchange resin (the exchange equivalent of the two resins is about 2.30 according to the volume). During the exchange process, it is often checked that the chloride and nickel salt should remain negative. Any positive reaction occurs and the exchange operation stops. Take 2kg of exchange liquid each time and place it in a 3L round bottom distillation bottle for vacuum distillation to maintain the water temperature below 90 ℃ until all the water contained is removed. Pour 1kg of anhydrous ethanol while hot, shake and mix strongly, dehydrate, keep the temperature at 45-50 ℃ for more than 8 hours, precipitate sorbitol crystals, filter under reduced pressure in a vertical melting funnel, drain, remove residual ethanol, vacuum dry or dry below 60 ℃ to obtain sorbitol fine products. The content is 98%-100%, chloride is lower than 50 × 10-6, residue is lower than 0.1%, and heavy metals are lower than 10 × 10-6.
Sorbitol crude [resin mixed bed, anhydrous ethanol] & rarr;[45-50 ℃,8h] sorbitol boutique
Methods 2. electrolytic reduction method
Preparation of electrolysis, neutralization, decolorization, concentration, desalination and crystallization electrolyte: when glucose is used as raw material, 140kg of glucose is added with 150kg of distilled water for hot dissolution, 50kg of crystalline sodium sulfate is added, stirred and dissolved, cooled to 20-25 ℃, diluted to 300kg for later use. The mass concentration of sugar solution is 450g/L(45%) and sodium sulfate is 60-80g/L(6%-8%).
When sucrose is used as raw material, 120kg of sucrose is taken, 150kg of distilled water is added for hot dissolution, filtered, heated to 85 ℃, 1L of sulfuric acid solution (containing 198 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid) is added for stirring, kept for 45min, cooled immediately, and 25kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate is added as conductivity medium at the same time. When the temperature drops to 20-25 ℃, 5mol/L sodium hydroxide is used. The conversion rate is 98%-99%.
Take the sugar solution to adjust the pH to 7, use the lead plate coated with mercury on the surface as the cathode in the electrolytic cell, use the lead plate as the anode, and place the anode in a diaphragm made of plain-fired porcelain. The diaphragm is filled with 1mol/L sulfuric acid, voltage 5-6V, and current density 1-1.2 A/cm2 for electrolysis. At the beginning, the pH value is about pH7, and then the pH value naturally rises. After 30 hours, the alkali concentration is adjusted to 0.7mol/L with 30% sodium hydroxide solution, and the temperature in the heat preservation tank is between 15-25 ℃. After 80-100h, electrolysis can be stopped when the residual sugar is about 15%. The reduction rate is 85%. The total alcohol is calculated to contain mannitol 1/5 and sorbitol 4/5. Current effect 45%.
The electrolyte is neutralized with diaphragm acid to pH4.8-5.1, then decolorized with activated carbon at 80 ℃, filtered, decolorized liquid is concentrated in vacuum, the temperature is gradually increased from 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, the amount of water is very small, and evaporation is stopped. While hot, 160kg of 85% ethanol is inhaled into a pan under stirring, heated to 70 ℃ under normal pressure, kept warm for 1h, extracted, filtered to remove sodium sulfate, and obtained about 330L filtrate. The crystallization is complete after cooling to 15 ℃, centrifugation and separation to obtain crude mannitol (about 30kg), and the mother liquor recovers ethanol to obtain crude sorbitol solution.