stevioside
stevioside
CAS: 57817-89-7
Molecular Formula: C38H60O18
stevioside - Names and Identifiers
| Name | stevioside |
| Synonyms | steviosin stevioside Stevia Sugar beta-d-glucopyranosylester kaur-16-en-18-oicacid,13-((2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)o (4alpha)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl 13-[(2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]kaur-16-en-18-oate 13-[(2-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]kaur-16-en-18-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester 1-O-{(5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,13alpha)-13-[(2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-18-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl}-beta-D-glucopyranose 1-O-[(5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,13alpha)-13-{[2-O-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-18-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl]-beta-D-glucopyranose 1-O-[(5bêta,8alpha,9bêta,10alpha,13alpha)-13-{[2-O-(bêta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-bêta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-18-oxokaur-16-én-18-yl]-bêta-D-glucopyranose beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1r,4as,7s,8ar,10as)-7-(2-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a-dimethyl-12-methyleneperhydro-7,8a-ethanophenanthren-1-carboxylate (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl-(1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylentetracyclo[11.2.1.0~1,10~.0~4,9~]hexadecan-5-carboxylat (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0~1,10~.0~4,9~]hexadecane-5-carboxylate (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxyméthyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}tétrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-5,9-diméthyl-14-méthylènetétracyclo[11.2.1.0~1,10~.0~4,9~]hexadécane-5-carboxylate de (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yle |
| CAS | 57817-89-7 |
| EINECS | 260-975-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C38H60O18/c1-16-11-37-9-5-20-35(2,7-4-8-36(20,3)34(50)55-32-29(49)26(46)23(43)18(13-40)52-32)21(37)6-10-38(16,15-37)56-33-30(27(47)24(44)19(14-41)53-33)54-31-28(48)25(45)22(42)17(12-39)51-31/h17-33,39-49H,1,4-15H2,2-3H3/t17-,18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,35-,36-,37-,38+/m1/s1 |
| InChIKey | ZBXJPXVJLBZBLI-IJGGXEOMSA-N |
stevioside - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C38H60O18 |
| Molar Mass | 804.88 |
| Density | 1.53±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| Melting Point | 198°C |
| Boling Point | 963.3±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | D25 -39.3° (c = 5.7 in H2O) |
| Flash Point | 290.3°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | White to yellowish crystalline powder |
| Color | white |
| Merck | 14,8810 |
| pKa | 12.51±0.70(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,2-8°C |
| Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
| Refractive Index | -39.3 ° (C=6, H2O) |
| MDL | MFCD00079561 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White to yellowish crystalline powder. Melting Point 198 °c. 1g of the product is soluble in 800ml water, ethanol-soluble. The optical rotation [α]20/D was -39.3 °(C = 5.7,H2O). Quickly wet in the air. High temperature, in acidic and alkaline solution is relatively stable. |
| Use | Used as a food flavor agent, especially suitable for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, dental caries, etc |
stevioside - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | NZ8175000 |
| HS Code | 29389090 |
stevioside - Upstream Downstream Industry
stevioside - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Yan Zhen, ni Jiyun, Li Zhixia, etc. Simultaneous determination of seven sweeteners in fruit juice by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Quality and safety of agricultural products, 2018, 000(004):25-30,39. 2. Jin Lei, Zhu Jingchao, Zhang Zeyu, Zheng Pinghan, Wang Hui, Kai Guo Yin, Zhang water conservancy, Yuan Qiang, Xi Ning. Optimization of preparation technology of Cornus officinalis yam jelly by Central composite design response surface methodology [J]. China Modern Applied Pharmacy, 2021,38(04):385-390. 3. [IF = 4.508] Qiwei Xu et al."Recovery of rebaudioside A from mother liquor sugar in industrial steviol glycoside production by adding inorganic salts." Sustain Chem Pharm. 2021 May;20:100360 |
stevioside - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless, strong sweet taste, sweet pure, sweetness is about 300 times of sucrose. Easy to absorb moisture in the air, soluble in water and ethanol. The heat-resistant, acid-resistant and alkaline properties are good, and there is no change in the solution with pH value of 4~10 after heating for 24 hours.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
stevioside - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
extracted from stevia, refined.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:13
stevioside - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is a mixture of glycosides based on steviol. The content of steviol (c38hfido 18) shall not be less than 95.0% calculated on a dry basis.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
stevioside - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is white or off-white powder; Odorless, sweet and slightly bitter.
- This product is soluble in ethanol and slightly soluble in water.
specific rotation
take this product, precision weighing, add water to dissolve and quantitatively dilute the solution containing 10.0 mg per lm l (if the solution is not clear, should be filtered). At 25°C, measured by law (General rule 0621 ) , the specific rotation should be -30 ° to -40 °.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:13
stevioside - Introduction
Pharmacological effects: The main stevia is a non-calorie natural sweetener, 300 times sweeter than sucrose. It interferes with the transepithelial transport of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) by interfering with the organic anion transport system.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:26:34
stevioside - Use
Open Data Verified Data
is a natural low-calorie sweetener. The calorific value of Stevia sugar is only 300/1 of sucrose, which is not absorbed by the human body and does not produce heat. It is a sweetener suitable for patients with diabetes and obesity. When stevia is mixed with sucrose fructose or isomerized sugar, it can increase its sweetness and improve taste. Can be used for candy, cakes, beverages, solid drinks, fried foods, spices, preserved fruit. According to the production needs of appropriate use.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:14
stevioside - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
10mg of this product and 10mg of steviol reference substance were respectively dissolved by adding anhydrous ethanol lm l to prepare the test solution and the reference solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions 1, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with chloroform-methanol-water (65 : 35 : 10) the lower layer of liquid as the developer, expand, take out, dry, spray with 30% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated at 110°C for about 15 minutes to clear spots, the position of the main spot displayed by the test solution should be the same as that of the control solution.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:14
stevioside - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
absorbance of impurities
take this product, precision weighing, adding water to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to make a solution containing 20.0 mg per lm l. UV-visible spectrophotometry (General 0401) at the wavelength of 370mn, absorbance should not be greater than 0. 10.
acidity
take 0.50g of this product, add 20ml of neutral ethanol (neutral to phenolphthalein indicator solution), shake to dissolve, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/L) titrated to red color and did not fade in 10 seconds, consuming sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/L) must not pass 0. 5ml.
loss on drying
take this product, dry to constant weight at 105°C, weight loss shall not exceed 5.0% (General rule 0831).
ignition residue
The l.O g of this product shall be taken for inspection according to law (General rule 0841), and the remaining residue shall not exceed.
Heavy metals
The residue left under the item of burning and flooding shall not contain more than 20 parts per million of heavy metals for examination by law (General rule 0821, Law II).
arsenic salt
take this product l.O g, add 10ml nitric acid to infiltrate the sample, place for a moment, add several glass beads, slowly heat, after the effect is relieved, slightly cold, add 5ml sulfuric acid along the bottle wall, then slowly heat, the solution in the bottle began to turn red-brown, keep slightly boiling, and added 2-3ml of nitric acid Dropwise, every time, until the solution was colorless or light yellow, continued to heat for 5 minutes, cooled, and added 10ml of water, boil to produce white smoke, cool, slowly add appropriate amount of water to make 0822, according to law inspection (General Principles 0.0002% the first law), should comply with the provisions ().
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:15
stevioside - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about 0 .3G, precision weighing, 250ml Erlenmeyer flask, add dilute sulfuric acid 2 5ml and water 25ml, shake dissolved, heated to micro boiling, hydrolysis for 30 minutes, cooling, filtering, after washing the residue with water until neutral, add 50ml of neutral ethanol (neutral to phenolphthalein indicator solution), dissolve it, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and make potassium hydroxide titration solution (0. 05inOl/L) titration to the solution is red, 10 seconds does not fade. Each l of ethanol to potassium hydroxide titrant (0.05 mol/L) corresponds to 40. 24mg of C38H60O18.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:15
stevioside - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, flavors and sweeteners.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:16
stevioside - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:25:16
stevioside - Reference Information
| FEMA | 4728 | GLUCOSYL STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES |
| stevia extract | Stevioside, commonly known as Stevioside, is a sweet component of stevia, in the leaves of Stevia root and other parts are distributed, but the highest content in the leaves, and its content changes with the growth process, in the bud stage reached the highest, stevia has been regarded as the third sugar source in the world because of its non-toxic, safe, low thermal energy and other characteristics. The biological activity of stevia and the research and development of products have attracted the interest of many scholars at home and abroad. stevia is a mixture of 8 types of glycobodies composed of the same diterpene ligand. No sugar and heat; Color white to yellowish, taste suitable, no smell, is a promising new sugar source. Steviol glycosides are sweeteners that have been discovered in the world and approved by the Ministry of Health in China. They have a natural low calorific value and are very close to the taste of sucrose. It is the third natural sweetener with development value and health promotion after sugar cane and beet sugar, and is internationally known as the "third sugar source in the world". Stevia, as a food sweetener and preservative, is widely used in food industry to produce high sweetness, low calorie, low salt and anti-caries food. |
| stevia | stevia is a perennial herb belonging to stevia species of Asteraceae. It is a valuable sugar crop originating in the amanbai mountains, which border Paraguay and Brazil in South America. China has introduced and cultivated. The whole plant contains sugar, and the sweetness of the leaves is the highest. Containing steviol glycosides 14%, the branch of the glycoside equivalent to half of the leaves. Leaves after dry grinding can be used as sugar, or heat alcohol treatment, ether precipitation can also be obtained 20 ~ 26% egg yellow crude extract, sweetness is 100~150 times of sugar, refined white, sweetness is equivalent to 250 to 300 times the sugar, and the heat is only 300/1 of the sugar. stevioside has six kinds of monomer substances, has proposed white powder diterpene glycoside (stevioside), sweetness is 300 times of sucrose; rebaudioside A, with the highest sweetness being 450 times that of sucrose; rebaudiosideB; Liquiritin A(dulcoside A) and liquiritin B (dulcosideB), etc, it can be used as a sweet taste additive. stevia is warm and wet, and the soil is not strict. In the soil moisture, sufficient fertilizer, temperature above 15 ℃ under the conditions of good growth, root oxygen consumption, high humidity resistance, drought resistance, early water shortage when the growth is inhibited. Early growth of nutrients absorbed less, the highest absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to absorb the most potassium, phosphorus less, moderate nitrogen, compost and lime can improve the yield. It is advisable to start the bud in the harvest period, because the contents of glycosides and monoglucyl steviol glycosides are the most at this time. stevia was originally a wild and cross-pollinated plant. After years of introduction and domestication, the offspring were widely separated, and the variation range was very large. There were large leaves, small leaves, thick leaves, thin leaves, late ripening, early maturity, disease resistance, no disease resistance, drought resistance, no drought resistance and other types, production application of large leaf late flower type. Figure 1 is a picture of stevia plants |
| The characteristics of stevia | because stevia has high sweetness, low calorie, not metabolized in the human body, non-toxic, safe and reliable, long aftertaste and other advantages, the world is actively used to replace sucrose. China's "health standards for the use of food additives" (GB2760-86), the maximum use of its "normal production needs". It has been widely used in the food industry. stevia is resistant to high temperature and has good stability, and is not a fermentable sugar. It is not only harmless to human body after eating, but also conducive to the regulation of blood sugar, and has an adjuvant therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases. The stability of Stevia sugar is very good, and it is not easy to be denatured and deteriorated when added to food, and there is no requirement for the pH value of the added food, and the storage time is very long. Stevia does not participate in the metabolism of the human body after entering the human body, and will not cause accumulation. Stevia has been applied to food, beverage, pharmaceutical and other industries by many manufacturers. It is a healthy, pollution-free and natural sugar source. Safety of stevia by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (ejfa), France AN-SES (national food environment and labor hygiene agency), Australia New Zealand food and Standards Authority (FSANZ), S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated the use of stevia extract for people with diabetes, children and pregnant women, it is safe for the general population, as well as people with side effects or allergies of unknown cause. As far as the current research results are concerned, stevioside has not been found to have adverse effects on human health. |
| steviol glycoside | steviol, also known as steviol, steviol, steviol, steviol, steviol, steviol, steviol, steviol and steviol contained in a strong sweet ingredient, is extracted from the leaves after the refined. Steviol glycosides are colorless crystals, 200 to 300 times the sweetness of sucrose, with a slight menthol flavor and a small amount of astringency, strong thermal stability, not easy to decompose. A large number of tests have proved that stevia has no toxic side effects, no carcinogenic, safe to use, with cooling and sweet properties, is the second to sugar cane, besides beet sugar, the third natural sucrose substitute with development value and health is known as the "third sugar source in the world". GB2760-1996: steviol glycosides can be used for candy, cakes, beverages, solid drinks, fried foods, preserved fruits, preserved fruits, spices, soft ice cream and pharmaceutical accessories, use the appropriate amount according to production needs. |
| Application of stevia in food industry | stevia has natural non-toxic, stable physical and chemical properties and excellent physiological properties, it is widely used in the field of food. Figure 2 is the effect of the application of stevia in the food industry |
| range of use and usage | (1) China's "Food additives Health Standards" (GB 2760-1996): stevia may be used in suitable amounts for candy, cakes, and beverages as needed for production. (2) Practical Reference: when stevia is mixed with sucrose fructose or isomerized sugar, it can increase its sweetness and improve taste. Stevia instead of about 30% of sucrose, the effect is better. The general dosage of orange water 0.75g/L; Fruit flavor Dew 0.1g/L; Ice cream 0.5g/L. Egg bread made by using 20g stevia instead of 3.2kg sucrose has good shape, color and softness, and good taste. Plum made by using 14.88kg instead of 0.75kg saccharin sodium is delicious and cool. (2) the calorific value of stevia is only 300 of sucrose, and it does not participate in metabolism in the body, so it is suitable for making health food for patients with diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. For candy, as well as anti-caries effect. (3) in recent years, the products of high purity Rebaudioside A (the second main component of ordinary stevia, 400 times sweetness of sucrose) and α-g-stevia converted by enzyme have better taste, for food, beverage, the effect is better. This product can also be used as a sweetener of liquiritin. And often used in combination with sodium citrate to improve taste quality. |
| basis of toxicology | 1. LD50 mice were orally administered with 34.77g/kg(bw). 2. NOEL rats were orally administered with 550mg/kg(bw)(Japan). The toxicity tests (including acute, subacute and chronic toxicity tests) of stevioside in China and Japan showed no teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, after ingestion, it was excreted through feces and urine as the original form. |
| storage | steviol glycosides are heat-resistant and light-resistant, very stable in the pH range of 3-10, easy to store. |
| Use | This product has cool and sweet taste, and the sweetness is about 200-300 times that of sucrose. When the concentration is high, the taste is slightly bitter, and the sweet taste is not easy to disappear in the mouth. This product is one of the closest natural sweeteners to sucrose. As an anti-calorie food sweetener, it has the effect of reducing the pressure. Often used in combination with sodium citrate to modify the sweetness. As a sugar substitute for sucrose, the maximum amount should not exceed 1/3, so as to avoid the taste. According to the provisions of GB2760-86, can be used for liquid and solid beverages, candy and cakes dosage according to the normal production needs. The disadvantage of this product is large molecular weight, poor permeability. Mouse and Rat oral toxicity LD50>8.2g/kg. stevia is a non-calorie natural sweetener, 300 times more sweet than sucrose. It interferes with the transport of p-amino hippuric acid (PAH) by interfering with the transport system of organic anions. At 0.5-1mm, this does not interact with any organic anion transporter (OAT). By studying human breast cancer cells, it was found that stevioside induced ROS-mediated apoptosis. A non-caloric natural sweetener that is 300 times more sweet than sucrose. It inhibits the trans-epithelial transport of p-aminohippuric acid salt (PAH) by interfering with the organic anion transport system. At 0.5-1 mM, it did not interact with any organic anion transporter (OAT). used as a food flavor agent, especially suitable for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, dental caries, etc. |
| production method | the leaves of Stevia rebaudana Bertoni, a small shrub plant in the Asteraceae family, after drying, it is extracted with ethanol, and the sweet substance is precipitated by adding ether to the extract, and then recrystallized from methanol. Based on dry leaves, the yield was about 6%. China's Jiangsu, Fujian, Xinjiang and other places have a large area of cultivation of stevia. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
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Raw Materials for stevioside