sulourea
Thiourea
CAS: 62-56-6
Molecular Formula: CH4N2S
sulourea - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Thiourea |
| Synonyms | THU THIO Thiurea Thiourea sulourea SULFOUREA sulfouren sulphourea 2-Thiourea Isothiourea Thiourea(TU) thio arbamid Thiocarbamide THIOCARBAMIDE sulfocarbamide THIOUREA DIOXID AKOS BBS-00004390 carbamoylsulfamic acid Thiourea, reagent grade, ACS |
| CAS | 62-56-6 |
| EINECS | 200-543-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CH4N2O4S/c2-1(4)3-8(5,6)7/h(H3,2,3,4)(H,5,6,7) |
| InChIKey | UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
sulourea - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH4N2S |
| Molar Mass | 76.12 |
| Density | 1.405 |
| Melting Point | 170-176 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 263.89°C (estimate) |
| Water Solubility | 13.6 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | water: soluble137g/L at 20°C |
| Appearance | Crystals |
| Specific Gravity | 1.406 |
| Color | White to almost white |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Merck | 14,9367 |
| BRN | 605327 |
| pKa | -1.0(at 25℃) |
| PH | 6-8 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, metallic salts, proteins, hydrocarbons. May react violently with acrolein. |
| Refractive Index | 1.5300 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White or light yellow, lustrous, columnar or needle-like crystals with bitter taste |
| Use | Used in the manufacture of sulfonamides, dyes, resins, compression molding powder, etc., also used as rubber vulcanization accelerator, metal mineral flotation agent |
sulourea - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R38 - Irritating to the skin |
| Safety Description | S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | YU2800000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29309070 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in wild Norway rats: 1830 mg/kg (Dieke) |
sulourea - Upstream Downstream Industry
sulourea - Introduction
Open Data Unverified Data
White and glossy crystals. Bitter in taste. Density 1.405. The melting point was 180-182 °c. Decomposition is more hot. Soluble in water, heat can be soluble in ethanol, very slightly soluble in ether. During melting, the isomerization occurs partially to form ammonium thiocyanate. It is used as a raw material for producing drugs, dyes, resins, compression molding powder, and the like, and is also used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator, a metal mineral flotation agent, and the like. It is formed by the action of hydrogen sulfide and lime slurry to form calcium hydrosulfide, and then to react with cyanamide (based) calcium. It can also be prepared by melting ammonium thiocyanate, or by the action of cyanamide and hydrogen sulfide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:22
sulourea - Production method
Open Data Unverified Data
- hydrogen sulfide was absorbed with milk of lime under negative pressure and cooling to generate a calcium hydrosulfide solution. Calcium hydrosulfide and calcium cyanamide (lime nitrogen) according to 1:5 molar ratio, at about 80 ℃ reaction 3H, that is, thiourea solution, filtration, concentration, cooling crystallization, spin filter drying, the finished thiourea was obtained. In addition, the ammonium thiocyanate method and the diazomethane method can also be used.
- the preparation method is to react barium sulfide with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and the hydrogen sulfide gas is absorbed by milk of lime under negative pressure to obtain hydrogen sulfide calcium solution, and then react with calcium cyanamide, the molar ratio of calcium hydrosulfide to calcium cyanamide is 1 ∶ 5. Under constant stirring, the reaction temperature is (80±5)℃, the reaction time is 3H, and thiourea liquid can be generated by negative pressure filtration, after evaporation, filtration, cooling and crystallization, the Crystal thiourea is obtained, and the finished product is obtained by centrifugal dehydration and drying. Reaction equations such as: BaS H2SO4 & rarr;BaSO4 ↓ H2S & uarr; 2H2S Ca(OH)2 & rarr;Ca(SH)2 2H2O
- in the synthesis method, barium sulfide is reacted with hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid), absorbed under negative pressure with milk of lime, and then reacted with lime nitrogen, filtered, cooled, crystallized, centrifuged and dried to obtain a finished thiourea product. Its BaS 2HCl & rarr;BaC12 H2S & uarr; CaO H2O & rarr;Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 2H2S & rarr;Ca(SH)2 2H2O 2CaCN2 Ca(SH)2 6H2O & rarr;2(NH2)2CS 3Ca(OH)2
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:23
sulourea - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless or white crystal or crystalline powder. Bitter in taste. Soluble in 11 parts of water, soluble in ethanol, almost insoluble in ether. Under vacuum, sublimation was performed at 150-160 °c. Flammable in case of open flame and high heat. A strong reaction with an oxidizing agent can occur. Thermal decomposition, release of nitrogen, sulfur oxides and other toxic gases.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
sulourea - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
under negative pressure and cooling, the milk of lime is used to absorb hydrogen sulfide to generate a calcium hydrosulfide solution, and calcium hydrosulfide reacts with calcium cyanamide to obtain a thiourea solution. After filtration, concentration, cooling crystallization, drying, pure thiourea.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:51
sulourea - Supplementary Information
Open Data Unverified Data
category toxic substances
High toxicity grade
Acute oral toxicity-rat LD50: 125 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 100 mg/kg
Irritation data eye-rabbit 14% moderate
Flammability hazard characteristics toxic sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide gases emitted by heat
Storage and Transportation characteristics the warehouse was ventilated and dried at low temperature; Storage and transportation were separated from food raw materials
Extinguishing agent water, carbon dioxide, sand, foam
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:23
sulourea - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Analytical reagents. For bismuth, osmium, rhodium, selenium, lead, tellurium, nitrite, etc. Complexation indicator for determination of osmium.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:52
sulourea - Chemical properties
Open Data Unverified Data
- flammable in case of open flame and high heat. Thermal decomposition, release of nitrogen, sulfur oxides and other toxic gases. A strong reaction with an oxidizing agent can occur.
- deliquescence in air. Conversion to ammonium thiocyanate at 150 °c. Sublimation under vacuum at 150-160 °c and decomposition at 180 °c. It has reducibility and can reduce free iodine to iodide ions. This product is rich in reactivity, used to prepare a variety of compounds. It can react with a variety of oxidizing agents to produce urea, sulfuric acid and other organic compounds, and can also be made into soluble addition compounds with inorganic compounds.
- This product has little toxicity at one time, can be absorbed through the skin during repeated action, inhibits the function of thyroid and hematopoietic organs, and causes symptoms such as central nerve paralysis and decreased respiratory and cardiac functions. Production of this product 1~15 years of workers, there will be Head Pain, narcolepsy, general weakness, dry skin, bad breath, bitter mouth, abdominal pain, constipation, frequent urination and other symptoms. Typical symptoms are pale, facial swelling, abdominal distension, decreased basal metabolism, decreased blood pressure, slow pulse, ECG changes. There will also be symptoms such as skin diseases. The LD50 of this product is 10g/KG for the frog, and the D50 for the subcutaneous injection of the rat is 4g/kg. The lethal dose to humans is described in the literature as 10g/kg. Workers who produce this product should wear anti-virus masks and protective clothing, and pay attention to safety. Production equipment should be closed, no run, run, drop, leakage phenomenon.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:24
sulourea - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
wild Norwegian rat oral LD50: 1.83/kg. Inhalation of this product dust on the upper respiratory tract irritation, chest discomfort, such as Cough. Eye irritation. The product repeated action can inhibit the thyroid and hematopoietic organs. May cause allergic reactions. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from the oxidant, acid, alkali.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:52
sulourea - Role and use
Open Data Unverified Data
- raw materials for the synthesis of drugs such as sulfathiazole, methionine and fat pig slices. Used as dyes and dyeing auxiliaries, resin and compression molding powder of raw materials. It can also be used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, a flotation agent for metal minerals, a catalyst for phthalic anhydride and fumaric acid, and a metal corrosion inhibitor. In the photographic material, it can be used as a developer and a toner. It can also be used in the electroplating industry. Thiourea is also used in many aspects such as diazo-sensitive paper, synthetic resin coating, anion exchange resin, germination accelerator, bactericide and so on. Thiourea is also used as a fertilizer.
- raw materials for the production of drugs, dyes, resins, compression molding powders, rubber vulcanization accelerators, metal mineral flotation agents, and the like.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:25
sulourea - Precautions for use
Open Data Unverified Data
Overview of risk
- health hazards: a role in the toxicity of small, repeated action can inhibit the function of thyroid and hematopoietic organs. May cause allergic reactions. It can be absorbed through the skin. The dust on the eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, inhalation caused by Cough, chest discomfort. Oral stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure to Head Pain, lethargy, weakness, pale face, facial swelling, basal metabolism decreased, blood pressure decreased, pulse slowed, such as leukopenia. Damage to the skin, skin itching, palm sweating, dermatitis, chapped and so on.
- Environmental hazards: hazards to the environment.
- explosion hazard: This product is flammable, toxic and irritating.
first aid measures
- Skin Contact: remove contaminated clothing and rinse the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
- eye contact: lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or normal saline. The patient visited hospital.
- inhalation: rapid departure from the site to a place with fresh air. Keep airway unobstructed. Such as Dyspnea, to the delivery of oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. The patient visited hospital.
- ingestion: drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. The patient visited hospital.
fire fighting measures
- harmful combustion products: nitric oxide, sulfur oxide.
- fire extinguishing method: water, foam, carbon dioxide, Sand fire.
emergency treatment of leakage
- emergency treatment: Isolation leakage of contaminated area, restricted access. Cut off the fire source. Emergency personnel are recommended to wear dust masks (full face mask) and general work clothes. Do not come into direct contact with the leakage.
- small amount of leakage: collected in a dry, clean, capped container with a clean shovel.
- large leakage: collection and recovery or transport to waste disposal sites for disposal.
handling and storage
- precautions for operation: closed operation, partial ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter dust masks, chemical safety glasses and rubber gloves. Stay away from fire and heat source. No smoking is allowed in the workplace. The use of explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Dust should be avoided. Avoid contact with oxidants and acids. Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage. Fire fighting equipment and emergency treatment equipment for leakage shall be provided with corresponding varieties and quantities. Harmful substances may remain in the empty container.
- precautions for storage: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. The packaging is sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and edible chemicals, and mixed storage should not be avoided. With the corresponding varieties and quantity of fire fighting equipment. The storage area shall be provided with suitable materials for containment of the leakage.
safety terms
- wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves.
- avoid release into the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheets.
risk terms
- harmful if swallowed. A few reports have carcinogenic consequences.
- toxic to aquatic organisms, may have long-term adverse effects on the water environment.
- there is a risk of harm to the fetus.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:25
sulourea - Preparation Method
Open Data Unverified Data
The preparation method is to react barium sulfide with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and the hydrogen sulfide gas is absorbed by milk of lime under negative pressure to obtain hydrogen sulfide calcium solution, and then react with calcium cyanamide, the molar ratio of calcium hydrosulfide to calcium cyanamide is 1 ∶ 5. Under constant stirring, the reaction temperature is (80±5)℃, the reaction time is 3H, and thiourea liquid can be generated by negative pressure filtration, after evaporation, filtration, cooling and crystallization, the Crystal thiourea is obtained, and the finished product is obtained by centrifugal dehydration and drying. Reaction equations such as: BaS H2SO4 & rarr;BaSO4 ↓ H2S & uarr;
2H2S Ca(OH)2→Ca(SH)2 2H2O
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:26
sulourea - Impact on the environment
Open Data Unverified Data
health hazards
- invasive route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.
- health hazards: This product repeated action, can inhibit the thyroid and hematopoietic organs. May cause allergic reactions. Inhalation of this product dust on the upper respiratory tract irritation, chest discomfort, such as Cough. Eye irritation. Oral stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract.
- chronic effects: Head Pain, lethargy, weakness, pale face, facial swelling, decreased basal metabolism, leukopenia, etc. Damage to the skin, skin itching, palm sweating, dermatitis and chapped.
toxicological data and environmental behavior
- Toxicity: very low toxicity.
- irritation: rabbit eye: 2mg, severe irritation. Rabbit skin open stimulation test: 10mg/(24 hours), severe stimulation.
- mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 150ug/dish; Saccharomyces cerevisiae 52600umol/L.
- reproductive toxicity: The lowest oral toxic dose (TDL0) in rats: 40mg/kg (1 day after pregnancy), the central nervous system of fetal rats, muscle, there are effects on the skeletal system.
- carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogenicity comment: animal positive reaction.
- hazard characteristics: flammable in case of open flame and high heat. A strong reaction with an oxidizing agent can occur. Thermal decomposition, release of nitrogen, sulfur oxides and other toxic gases.
- combustion (decomposition) products: nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:50:27
sulourea - Reference Information
Open Data Unverified Data
| pH indicator color change ph range | 5-7 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. Sup 7,79) 2001 |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| use | thiourea is the main raw material for producing thiourea dioxide. In medicine (sulfathiazole, methyl thiouracil, tetrazolemide, nidazolemide, fluorouracil), pesticides (insecticide, sterilization, acaricide, weeding, virus control, etc.), chemical fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer synergist), silk industry, agriculture, metal beneficiation, etc. used for the manufacture of sulfonamide drugs, dyes, resins, compression molding powder, etc., also used as rubber vulcanization accelerator, metal mineral flotation agent, etc. used as analytical reagents, complexation indicators and chromatography analysis reagents used as intermediates in the production of drugs in medicine. Used as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry. Used as a flotation agent in the mining industry. Also used as fabric, paper treatment agent, printing and dyeing auxiliaries. Thiourea is an intermediate of fungicide dressing, herbicide acetochlor, tezaojin, etc. It is also the raw material of medicine thiamine thiazole, and can be used as a raw material for dyes, resins, and compression plastic powder. It can also be used as rubber vulcanization accelerator, metal mineral flotation agent, etc. This product is used to synthesize the raw materials of drugs such as sulfathiazole, methionine and fat pig tablets. Used as a raw material for dyes and dyeing auxiliaries, resins and compression molding powders. It can also be used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, a flotation agent for metal minerals, a catalyst for the production of phthalic anhydride and fumaric acid, and as an anti-corrosion agent for metals. In terms of photographic materials, it can be used as a developer and toner. It can also be used in electroplating industry. Thiourea is also used in diazo photosensitive paper, synthetic resin coatings, anion exchange resins, germination accelerators, fungicides and many other aspects. Thiourea is also used as a fertilizer. Strong denaturing agent, increase the solubility and recovery rate of protein Reducing agent. Precipitants for lead, thallium and cadmium. Verification and determination of bismuth, hunger, ruthenium, selenium, lead, tellurium, palladium and selenite. Organic synthesis, preparation of mercaptans from haloalkanes. |
| production method | use lime milk to absorb hydrogen sulfide under negative pressure and cooling to generate calcium hydrosulfide solution. Calcium hydrosulfide and calcium cyanamide (lime nitrogen) are reacted at a molar ratio of 1:5 at about 80 ℃ for 3h to obtain thiourea solution, which is filtered, concentrated, cooled and crystallized, filtered and dried to obtain finished thiourea. In addition, it can also be prepared by ammonium thiocyanate method and diazomethane method. The preparation method is to react barium sulfide with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide gas is absorbed by lime milk under negative pressure to prepare hydrogen sulfide calcium solution, and then react with calcium cyanamide. The molar ratio of calcium hydrosulfide to calcium cyanamide is 1:5. Under continuous stirring, the reaction temperature is (80±5)℃, and the reaction time is 3h. After negative pressure filtration, thiourea liquid can be generated, and then evaporated, filtered, cooled, and crystallized, the crystalline thiourea is obtained, and the finished product is obtained by centrifugal dehydration and drying. The reaction equation is as follows: BaS H2SO4 → BaSO4 ↓ H2S ↑ 2H2S Ca(OH)2 → Ca(SH)2 2H2O The synthesis method uses barium sulfide to react with hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid), uses lime milk to absorb under negative pressure, and then reacts with lime nitrogen. After filtration, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying, the finished product of thiourea is prepared. Its BaS 2HCl → BaC12 H2S ↑ CaO H2O → Ca(OH)2Ca(OH)2 2H2S → Ca(SH)2 2H2O2CaCN2 Ca(SH)2 6H2O → 2(NH2)2CS 3Ca(OH)2 |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50: 125 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 100 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 14% moderate |
| flammability hazard characteristics | toxic sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide gas released by heating |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from food raw materials storage and transportation |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, sand, foam |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 440°C Dust |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-17 16:13:53
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View History
Raw Materials for sulourea
Downstream Products for sulourea
Formamidinesulfinic acid
2-Amino-5-methylthiazole
2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acid
Buprofezin
Methomyl
2-Amino-5-methylthiazole
2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acid
Buprofezin
Methomyl