甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)
tert-Butyl methyl ether
CAS: 1634-04-4
Molecular Formula: C5H12O
甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE) - Names and Identifiers
| Name | tert-Butyl methyl ether |
| Synonyms | MTBE Methyl-tert-bu tert-Butyl methyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether, for residue analysis |
| CAS | 1634-04-4 |
| EINECS | 216-653-1 |
| InChIKey | BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H12O |
| Molar Mass | 88.15 |
| Density | 0.7404 |
| Melting Point | -110 °C |
| Boling Point | 55-56°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | -27°F |
| Water Solubility | 51 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 42g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 4.05 psi ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.1 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Powder or Needles |
| Specific Gravity | 0.740 |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | Characteristic ethereal odor |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 50 ppm |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 210 nm Amax: 1.0', , 'λ: 225 nm Amax: 0.50', , 'λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.10', , 'λ: 300 |
| Merck | 14,6032 |
| BRN | 1730942 |
| Storage Condition | Store at +2°C to +25°C. |
| Stability | Stable, but may form explosive peroxides in contact with air. Extremely flammable - note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Explosive Limit | 1.5-8.5%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.369(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | A colorless, low-viscosity liquid with a terpene-like odor. Slightly soluble in water, but miscible with many organic solvents. |
甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE) - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R38 - Irritating to the skin R11 - Highly Flammable R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN 2398 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | KN5250000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2909 19 90 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | . LC50 in mice (15 min): 1.6 mmol/liter of atmosphere (Marsh) |
甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE) - Reference Information
Open Data Unverified Data
| relative polarity | 0.124 |
| freezing point | -108.6 ℃ |
| LogP | 1.06 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 73) 1999 |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was considered to be an irreplaceable high octane gasoline component for a period of time, and was called the "third generation petrochemical" in the 80s ". Because it can increase the oxygen content of unleaded gasoline, make gasoline burn more fully, reduce the emission of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and benzene, and can replace tetraethyl lead as an anti-riot agent, which meets the production of high-octane number unleaded gasoline The requirements have led to a rapid increase in demand and are ideal high-octane gasoline additives. MTBE is an ideal blending component for the production of lead-free, high-octane, and oxygenated gasoline. It can not only effectively increase the gasoline octane number, but also improve automobile performance, reduce the CO content in exhaust gas, and reduce gasoline production costs. In addition, methyl tert-butyl ether is also an important chemical raw material, which can be re-cracked into isobutylene as a raw material for rubber and other chemical products. However, the current MTBE de-capacity is obvious. |
| application | currently MTBE has three main applications: as a gasoline additive; Cracking into high-purity isobutylene, used to produce MMA and butyl rubber; Pharmaceutical use. More than 90% of them are used as gasoline additives, and blending gasoline is still the leading direction of MTBE industry development. |
| use | methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is mainly used as a gasoline additive and has excellent anti-knock properties. It has good miscibility with gasoline, less water absorption, and no pollution to the environment. MTBE can improve the cold start characteristics and acceleration performance of gasoline, and has no adverse effect on air resistance. Although the calorific value of methyl tert-butyl ether is low, the driving test proves that the use of gasoline containing 10% MTBE can reduce fuel consumption by 7%, and significantly reduce the lead content and CO content in the exhaust gas, especially the emissions of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As a raw material for organic synthesis, high-purity isobutylene can be produced. It can also be used to produce 2-methacrolein, methacrylic acid and isoprene. In addition, it can also be used as an analytical solvent and extractant. It is mainly used as a gasoline additive to increase the octane number, and it can also be cracked to produce isobutylene This product is mainly used as a gasoline additive and has excellent anti-knock properties. It has good miscibility with gasoline, less water absorption, and no pollution to the environment. MTBE can improve the cold start characteristics and acceleration performance of gasoline, and has no adverse effect on air resistance. Although the calorific value of methyl tert-butyl ether is low, the driving test proves that the use of gasoline containing 10% MTBE can reduce fuel consumption by 7%, and significantly reduce the lead content and CO content in the exhaust gas, especially the emissions of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As a raw material for organic synthesis, high-purity isobutylene can be produced. It can also be used to produce 2-methacrolein, methacrylic acid and isoprene. In addition, it can also be used as an analytical solvent and extractant. Used as a gasoline additive instead of unleaded gasoline It can be used as a gasoline additive instead of tetraethyl lead to increase the octane number. Slightly soluble in water. It is miscible with many organic solvents and gasoline. It forms an azeotrope with some polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, etc. It has mild anesthetic effect. Solvent. Used as a stripping agent in chromatography, especially in high pressure liquid chromatography. Organic synthesis. Octane detonation agent in unleaded gasoline. |
| Production method | Using mixed butene and methanol as raw materials, it is obtained by exothermic reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Representative processes are the German Hess and Italian Snaprogiti. A new catalytic distillation process developed by American Chemical Research, Licensing Company and New Chemical Company has been applied in 1981. This method integrates the catalytic fixed bed reactor and the distillation tower in the same equipment, and uses the heat release of the reaction to the distillation and purification of methyl tert-butyl ether to reduce the energy consumption of the process. Raw material consumption quota: 361kg/t methanol and 650kg/t isobutylene (100%). It is obtained by exothermic reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst using mixed butene and methanol as raw materials. Representative processes are the German Hess and Italian Snaprogiti. A new catalytic distillation process developed by American Chemical Research, Licensing Company and New Chemical Company has been applied in 1981. This method integrates the catalytic fixed bed reactor and the distillation tower in the same equipment, and uses the heat release of the reaction to the distillation and purification of methyl tert-butyl ether to reduce the energy consumption of the process. Raw material consumption quota: 361kg/t methanol and 650kg/t isobutylene (100%). |
| Hazard | The impact of MTBE on the environment is that the ozone formed by MTBE and NOX in the sun produces photochemical smog. The United States Clean Air Amendment Act of 1990 has listed MTBE as a harmful air pollutant. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a substance that is very soluble in water and difficult to degrade. Once oil leaks, it will pollute groundwater and is difficult to be biodegraded. Its pollution of groundwater mainly comes from the leakage of underground oil storage tanks and oil pipelines. Because MTBE has strong water solubility, MBTE leaked from underground oil storage tanks and seeps from pipelines will quickly penetrate into groundwater and spread around in the form of radiation. In addition, many studies have shown that MTBE has a strong stimulating effect on human respiratory tract and mucosa, which is easy to cause dizziness, headache and stimulation. Methyl tert-butyl ether has a harmful effect on the kidney and liver. It may cause cancer after being absorbed by the human body. It is tentatively designated as a carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency. For our country, MTBE is not restricted, but while domestic refineries continue to use MTBE, they should also consider their prohibited substitutes according to the current actual situation. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50: 4000 mg/kg; Inhalation-mouse LC50: 141g/m3/15 min |
| stimulation data | skin-rabbit 10 mg/24 hours mild; Eye-rabbit 50 micrograms severe |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mix with air to form explosive mixture |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable; spicy and irritating smoke emitted from the fire site |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from oxidant storage and transportation |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, carbon dioxide; 1211; Foam |
| occupational standard | TWA 100 mg/m3; STEL 200 mg/m3 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 705 °F |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
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