脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)
CAS: 23593-75-1
Molecular Formula: C22H17ClN2
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES) - Names and Identifiers
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C22H17ClN2 |
| Molar Mass | 344.84 |
| Density | 1.1095 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 147-149°C |
| Boling Point | 501.14°C (rough estimate) |
| Solubility | Soluble in chloroform, DMSO, DMF and alcohols |
| Appearance | neat |
| Color | White to Almost white |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['556nm(Phosphate buffer sol.)(lit.)'] |
| Merck | 14,2417 |
| pKa | pKa 4.7(EtOH 50%aq ) (Uncertain) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.5940 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White powder or colorless crystalline powder. Melting point 147-149 ℃. Soluble in anhydrous ethanol, acetone, chloroform, almost insoluble in water. Odorless, tasteless, rapidly decomposing in acid solution. Clotrimazole hydrochloride, melting point 159 ℃. |
| Use | This product is for scientific research only and shall not be used for other purposes. |
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES) - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | NI4377000 |
| HS Code | 29332900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in male mice, rats (mg/kg): 923, 708 orally (Tettenborn) |
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES) - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| broad-spectrum antifungal agents | Clotrimazole is a synthetic pyrrole antifungal agent that has inhibitory effects on a variety of pathogenic fungi, high concentrations can also have a bactericidal effect. Clotrimazole inhibits the biosynthesis of sterols such as ergosterol in fungi by interfering with the activity of cytochrome P450, damages the cell membrane of fungi and changes its permeability, causing the leakage of important substances in cells; can also inhibit fungal triglyceride and phospholipid biosynthesis; The product can also inhibit oxidation and peroxidase activity, causing excessive accumulation of peroxide in the cell, cause fungal subcellular structure degeneration and necrosis. Clotrimazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity, the epidermal ringworm, Trichophyton, Aspergillus, coloring fungi, Cryptococcus and Candida have good antibacterial effect, sporothrix schenckii, blastomycetes dermatitis, crude coccidia, Histoplasma has some antibacterial activity. |
| pharmacological activity | in vivo and in vitro clotrimazole against Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, dermatophytes have good antibacterial effect, the efficacy of Superficial mycosis and griseofulvin similar to the efficacy of deep fungal disease and amphotericin B similar to the visceral pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, coccidiococcus and Histoplasma, etc., have a good effect on Candida albicans than nystatin strong. Fungal resistance to this product is not easy to produce. This product is easy to absorb, can be taken to treat systemic and deep fungal infections, such as aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis (dogs, cats) and fungal sepsis. For severe deep fungal infection, it is advisable to combine with amphotericin B. External use can also treat superficial fungal infections, such as tinea cricoides and Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, etc. Not effective for tinea capitis. Clotrimazole is also effective against certain Gram-positive bacteria and Trichomonas vaginalis. |
| pharmacokinetics | Clotrimazole is rarely absorbed after oral administration and 3G after oral administration in adults, the peak plasma concentration of 2 hours was only 1.29mg/L, and 6 hours was 0.78mg/L. On the other hand, the blood concentration decreased due to the induction of liver enzymes during continuous administration. The elimination half-life was 4.5 to 6 hours. Most of this product is metabolized in the liver and is excreted by bile, and only a small amount (less than 1% of the dose) is excreted from the urine in the prototype, excreted in the urine are mostly inactive metabolites. This product is in high concentration in feces, including oral non-absorption part and bile excretion part. Clotrimazole is widely distributed in the body, in the liver, high concentration in adipose tissue, can not penetrate the normal meninges into the cerebrospinal fluid. The serum protein binding rate of this product is 50%. |
| Clinical application | Clinical topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream or solution in the treatment of Candida, tinea versicolor, tinea pedis, tinea pedis, refers to onychomycosis and other skin infections. Vaginal infections with Candida and Trichomonas can be treated with Clotrimazole Vaginal Tablets (100mg) administration. Side effects include local irritation and burning sensation. Oral administration in the treatment of deep fungal infection, but the toxicity is serious, there are gastrointestinal stimulation, neutropenia and abnormal liver function. 1. Oral Administration:(1) for the treatment of oropharyngeal Candida infection. (2) for chemotherapy, immune dysfunction or defects in patients with oropharyngeal Candida infection prevention. 2. Topical application:(1) skin Candida infection. (2) Tinea pedis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris and Tinea corporis caused by Tinea pedis, Microsporum and epidermidis; Tinea versicolor caused by pityrosporum, etc. 3. Vaginal administration:(1) vaginitis caused by Candida or other fungi. (2) infectious leucorrhea caused by yeast. (3) the drug-sensitive bacteria caused by vaginal double infection. |
| mechanism of action | (1) by reducing the activity of cytochrome P450, so as to inhibit the fungal cell membrane ergosterol and other sterols biosynthesis, damage the fungal cell membrane and change its permeability, so that important substances in the cell leakage. (2) clotrimazole also inhibited triacylglycerol and phospholipid biosynthesis in fungi. (3) can inhibit the activity of oxidase and peroxidase, leading to excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in cells, causing subcellular degeneration and cell necrosis of fungi. (4) Candida albicans can inhibit the process from spores to invasive hyphae. |
| drug interaction | clotrimazole inhibits sirolimus, the metabolism of dofetilide and other drugs increases the blood concentration of these drugs, and the combination with tacrolimus, trimethyltrosa and the like can slow down the metabolism of these drugs and increase their toxic reactions; clotrimazole in combination with betamethasone can make the skin susceptible to infection or increase the chance of microbial reproduction, the possible mechanism is the inhibition of local inflammatory response; Combined with Nystatin, amphotericin B and flucytosine, it has no synergistic antibacterial effect on Candida albicans, and has antagonistic effect on pharmacodynamics when combined with amphotericin B. |
| adverse reaction | 1, oral administration:(1) gastrointestinal reaction: visible loss of appetite, Nausea, Vomit, Abdominal Pain, diarrhea, et al. (2) hepatotoxicity: as most of Clotrimazole is metabolized in the liver, liver damage may occur, causing the increase of serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase, which can be recovered after drug withdrawal. (3) occasional temporary neuropsychiatric abnormalities, manifested as depression, hallucinations and disorientation. Once such a reaction occurs, treatment must be discontinued. (4) occasional leukopenia. (5) part of the patients after taking medicine can cause Urethral burning sensation, at this time should drink more water, ensure more urine, do not stop. 2. With local medication, local irritation, itching or burning sensation may occur, and erythema, papules, blisters, Desquamation and so on may appear. Contact dermatitis has also been reported. 3, a small number of vaginal administration may appear vaginal burning sensation, lower abdominal spastic pain, abdominal distension, urinary frequency and so on. Also visible varying degrees of allergic reactions, such as skin itching and erythema, shortness of breath, low blood pressure or transient feeling decreased, Nausea, Diarrhea, etc. |
| instructions for administration | 1. The drug should not be used for systemic fungal infection. Due to poor oral absorption and common adverse reactions, local external use or vaginal administration is currently used. 2, the use of this drug should avoid drug contact eyes. oral use was prohibited in Clotrimazole Vaginal Tablets. 4. Take the lozenge for 15-30 minutes once to dissolve the medicine slowly and completely, and do not chew the lozenge or swallow the whole lozenge. 5. No vaginal treatment during menstruation. 6. In case of temporary neuropsychiatric abnormality, severe gastrointestinal reaction and local skin allergic reaction, the drug should be discontinued immediately. |
| Use | broad-spectrum antifungal. For systemic fungal infections, but also for topical fungal infections. antimycotic drugs for the treatment of epidermal and deep fungal infections, such as |
| production method | from O-chlorobenzoic acid by esterification, addition, hydrolysis, chlorination, condensation. It can also be obtained by chlorination of O-chlorotoluene, condensation with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce diphenyl-(2-chlorophenyl) chloromethane, and finally condensation with imidazole to obtain clotrimazole. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:54:55
