钒(酸)酐
Vanadium pentoxide
CAS: 1314-62-1
Molecular Formula: O5V2
钒(酸)酐 - Names and Identifiers
钒(酸)酐 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | O5V2 |
| Molar Mass | 181.88 |
| Density | 3.35 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 690 °C |
| Boling Point | 3380°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 1750°C |
| Water Solubility | 1 g/125 mL |
| Solubility | H2O: soluble |
| Vapor Presure | 8 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Appearance | turnings |
| Specific Gravity | 3.357 |
| Color | Orange |
| Exposure Limit | OSHA: Ceiling 0.5 mg/m3; Ceiling 0.1 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 3 mg/m3; Ceiling 0.05 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,9921 |
| PH | 4 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry) |
| Storage Condition | Poison room |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with chlorine, chlorates, acids, alkali metals, interhalogens. |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Vapor pressure: 8mm Hg ( 20 ° C) solubility: H2O: soluble storage conditions: pot room WGK Germany:3 RTECS:YW1355000 |
钒(酸)酐 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R48/23 - R37 - Irritating to the respiratory system R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R48/20 - R34 - Causes burns R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R26/27/28 - Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S38 - In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
| UN IDs | UN 3289 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | YW1355000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28253010 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 400 - 500 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 2000 mg/kg |
钒(酸)酐 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
orange-yellow or red-brown crystalline powder or rust-brown orthorhombic products. Melting point 69 0 deg C; d3. 35. About 700 to 1125 degrees C decomposition. The product is soluble in about 125mL water, soluble in concentrated acid and alkali solution, insoluble in ethanol. Its acidic solution can be reduced by sulfur dioxide. Non-combustible. Contact with chlorine trifluoride and lithium reacted vigorously.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
钒(酸)酐 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
ammonium metavanadate was heated to 350 to 500 ° C. And subjected to roasting decomposition to obtain vanadium pentoxide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:41
钒(酸)酐 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
is used as a spectral analysis reagent, a catalyst, an ultraviolet blocking agent for glass, and a developer.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:41
钒(酸)酐 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LDso: 10 mg/kg. Damage to the respiratory system and skin. Staff should be protected. If the skin and eyes are touched, they should be immediately rinsed with plenty of water. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. The packaging must be sealed and free from moisture. Should be stored separately from the alkali, acid, oxidant, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:42
钒(酸)酐 - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 86) 2006 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| The most important and stable oxide of vanadium | Vanadium pentoxide, also known as "vanadic anhydride", is the most important and stable oxide of vanadium. Chemical formula V2O5. Odorless, colored (orange to dark red), toxic solid powder, relative density of 3.357, melting point of 690 ℃ (lower than titanium dioxide), decomposition at 1750 ℃. Amphoteric oxides, but mainly acidic. Vanadium pentoxide is only slightly soluble in water. If it is soluble in acid, it forms vanadoxy salt VO 2 or VO3; it is easily soluble in alkali and can form vanadate: V2O5 6NaOH = 2Na3VO4 3H2O. Vanadium pentoxide has oxidizing properties and is a strong oxidant. It can oxidize hydrochloric acid and release chlorine gas, especially in alkaline medium tetrahydroxyvanadium [V(OH)4] also has strong oxidizing properties. Vanadium pentoxide is an important industrial catalyst. For example, in the contact method of sulfuric acid, it can replace metal platinum as a catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. It is also a catalyst for the preparation of phthalic anhydride, cis-butadiene anhydride, and aniline black. Vanadium pentoxide and mild reducing agents (such as oxalic acid) can be co-melted to obtain dark blue solid vanadium dioxide, which is amphoteric and soluble in both acid and alkali. Vanadium dioxide can be regenerated by heating in air or interacting with concentrated nitric acid. Vanadium pentoxide is heated with a strong reducing agent to obtain black solid vanadium trioxide. Vanadium trioxide can be gradually oxidized to vanadium dioxide by air at room temperature, and the oxidation reaction intensifies when the temperature rises. Vanadium pentoxide or vanadium oxychloride VOCl3 is heated to 1 627 ℃ in a hydrogen stream to obtain black vanadium oxide. Vanadium oxide has a metallic luster, can conduct electricity, and is insoluble in water. Vanadium oxide is alkaline and soluble in acid. After dissolving in acid, it forms a salt of V (II). The red powder of vanadium pentoxide can be obtained by heating and decomposing ammonium vanadate: 2NH4VO3 = V2O5 2NH3 H2O. Vanadium pentoxide can also be extracted from potassium vanadium uranium ore and phosphate rock. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis and sulfuric acid industry, and is also used in the manufacture of ceramics and red glass. Figure 1 is the molecular structure of vanadium pentoxide. |
| history of use | the industrial production of vanadium began in 1882 with low-temperature hydrochloric acid treatment to produce vanadium from acidic converter slag containing 1.1% vanadium. it was only developed in the metallurgical industry decades later. After Peru's high-grade green sulfur vanadium ore was discovered in 1906, the United States has been mining and smelting for 50 years, and its output accounted for 1/4 of the world's total output during this period. The United States produces vanadium products mainly from potassium vanadium uranium mines in China. In 1955, Finland began to produce vanadium pentoxide from magnetite. In 1957, South Africa also produced vanadium slag and vanadium pentoxide from titanomagnetite. The Soviet Union first obtained vanadium slag from vanadium-poor iron ore in 1936, and then produced vanadium products. In the 1960s and 1980s, the United States, Canada, Japan, Peru and other countries have successively started the recovery of vanadium pentoxide from petroleum ash and spent catalysts. The production of vanadium pentoxide in China began in the Jinzhou Ferroalloy Plant in the 40s. It began to use vanadium concentrate as raw material and then switched to vanadium slag. In the early 1960s, China's self-designed vanadium pentoxide production workshop was built in Shanghai. Around the 1970s, with the continuous increase of vanadium resources, new plants using vanadium slag as raw materials were successively built in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Hebei, Hunan and other places. In the 1970s and 1980s, using the abundant vanadium-containing stone coal resources in southern China, some local small stone coal vanadium extraction plants were built. Vanadium pentoxide is widely used in metallurgy, printing and dyeing, ceramics and petroleum industry. It is used in the metallurgical industry to manufacture intermediates of steel alloys, metallic vanadium and other vanadium-based alloys. Catalyst for sulfuric acid production and aniline black dye synthesis, desulfurizer and decarburization agent for synthetic ammonia production, corrosion inhibitor for equipment corrosion protection in chemical plants, coloring dyes for printing and dyeing, ceramics, developer for film, and paint, medicine and Glass and other industries. |
| sodium oxidation roasting method | due to the complex and diverse types of vanadium raw materials, the production process is also different. However, the main process is still no more than sodium oxidation roasting and acid leaching. Sodium oxidation roasting method: The method of converting vanadium in the raw material into soluble sodium vanadate is mostly used to treat vanadium-containing iron concentrate or vanadium slag. Vanadium slag is a by-product produced in the steelmaking process of vanadium-containing iron ore. Before roasting, it must be crushed, ground, and magnetic separation to remove iron. When using vanadium-containing iron concentrate as raw material, the method of mixing with sodium salt additives is generally used. The additives are usually salt, sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate, and a mixture of two sodium agents is often used. The water immersion solution of the roasting product is concentrated, filtered, ammonium salt converted, and precipitated by adding acid to precipitate ammonium vanadate and sent for filtration. The filter cake is dried and deamized to obtain a powdered vanadium pentoxide product, or the filter cake is directly melted to obtain a flaky vanadium pentoxide product. Other vanadium-containing raw materials (such as waste catalyst, stone coal or ash obtained by burning stone coal) can also be treated by sodium oxidation roasting method. Generally, after roasting and leaching, hydrolysis of vanadium, alkali dissolution, ammonium salt conversion, or after sodium oxidation roasting, dilute acid leaching-extraction method is used. Vanadium-containing phosphorus iron can also be roasted with sodium carbonate and salt for sodium oxidation. After immersion, phosphate is removed from the solution and then hydrolyzed and precipitated. In addition, the sodium oxidation baking caustic soda leaching process is also used to treat potassium-vanadium uranium ore. The sodium oxidation roasting method is the most important process for the production of vanadium pentoxide. The technology is mature. In the industry, cheap salt is used as a sodium agent, and the economic benefits are better. However, a large amount of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and other chlorides are produced during the roasting process, which is easy to corrode equipment and buildings and pollutes the environment. Moreover, due to the complexity of vanadium-containing raw materials, the conversion effect of sodium roasting is affected. Therefore, the choice of process flow must be determined after technical and economic comparison of the results of smelting tests on raw materials. Figure 2 is a flow chart of the sodium oxidation roasting process. |
| health hazards | vanadium is easy to combine with organic compounds in coal and petroleum. the soot of burning coal and petroleum contains vanadium pentoxide and vanadium trioxide dust. the cleaner of the boiler is in danger of inhaling this product. Vanadium pentoxide is absorbed through the respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin in the form of steam and dust. It is excreted in urine through the kidneys. The oral LD50 of mice is 23mg/kg. Rabbits died after short-term inhalation of high concentration (205mg/m3) for 7 hours. Rabbits can cause respiratory tract inflammation, emphysema and pyelonephritis after long-term inhalation of dust 20~40mg/m3, 1h per day and several months. exposure to vanadium pentoxide dust can cause nasopharyngeal irritation. cough, asthma, fatigue and increased urinary vanadium (>0.012mg/L) can be diagnosed as acute poisoning after 6~12 hours. Skin damage can be used as sodium vanadate skin patch test, positive reaction can be diagnosed as vanadium dermatitis. Chronic inflammation of eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract may occur when exposed to vanadium pentoxide aerosol or smoke for a long time. High-dose vitamin C(125mg/kg) or disodium calcium edetate can be used for treatment. Maximum allowable concentration in workshop air: 0.1mg/m3 for vanadium combined dust (calculated by v); Vanadium compound smoke (calculated by v) is 0.02mg/m3. This product is a toxic product. It should be stored in a dry and ventilated place, away from food, acids and other reducing agents, avoid sun, high temperature and humidity, and prohibit contact with easily oxidized organic matter. The fire fighting method can be carbon dioxide, sand or water. Rinse with water when in contact with skin. The main producing areas of our country are Sichuan and Henan provinces. Mainly sold in the United States, Japan and Western Europe. UN No. 2862/6197-7, category 6.1. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolved grams per 100ml of water: 0.8g/20 ℃ |
| toxicity | this product is a poison that has many effects on the body. Early symptoms of acute poisoning runny nose, tears, dry throat, chest pain, severe breathing difficulties. Acute allergic reactions include bronchial asthma, bronchial asthma, acute rhinitis and nosebleeds. It has strong irritation to the ocular mucosa and often suffers from conjunctivitis. Papules and eczema appear on the skin. The maximum allowable concentration of smoke in this product is 0.1 mg/m3; Dust is 0.5 rng/m3. In the United States, the allowable concentration of smog is 0.05 nlg preserved. Use a gas mask to protect the respiratory organs, and prevent the production and excretion of dust during the production process. Strict airtightness and isolation. There should be comprehensive ventilation equipment and shelter equipment at local sites. When crushing, spray the material wet. When operating to wear closed glasses and rubber gloves, and wear dust cloth work clothes. |
| Use | Used as a catalyst for sulfuric acid production and organic synthesis, and also used in ceramics, glass industries, etc. Used in metallurgical industry to produce ferrovanadium alloy steel, decarburization, desulfurization and catalyst in synthetic ammonia industry. It is used as a coloring material for printing and dyeing, ceramics, a corrosion inhibitor for equipment corrosion in petrochemical plants, and a raw material for preparing vanadium compounds. Used as analytical reagent, catalyst, ultraviolet blocking agent and developer for glass |
| production method | direct method vanadium refined powder and soda ash are roasted at high temperature to generate sodium metavanadate, and sulfuric acid is added for neutralization under heating and stirring to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Its 4(FeO?V2O5) 4Na2CO3 3O2 → 2Fe2O3 8NaVO3 4CO2 ↑ 2NaVO3 H2SO4 → Na2SO4 V2O5 H2O indirect method vanadium ore is balled with sodium chloride and then oxidized and roasted to obtain sodium metavanadate, which reacts with hydrochloric acid to generate crude vanadium pentoxide, and then is treated with sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride to obtain ammonium metavanadate. ammonium metavanadate is heated to 500 ℃ for roasting and decomposition to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Its 4(FeO?V2O5) 8NaCl 3O2 → 2Fe2O3 8NaVO3 4C12 ↑ 2NaVO3 2HCl H2O → 2NC1 V2O5 2H2OV2O5 2NaOH → 2NaVO3 H2ONaVO3 NH4C1 → NaCl NH4VO3 ↓ 2NH4VO3 → 2NH3 ↑ V2O5 H2O ↑ |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 10 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 23 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | toxic vanadium compounds emitted from fire sites |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Separate storage and transportation from acids and food |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, sand |
| occupational standard | TLV-TWA 0.05 mg (vanadium pentoxide)/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentration | 35 mg V/m3 |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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