Carbohydrazide

Carbohydrazide - Names and Identifiers

Name	Carbohydrazide
Synonyms	CBH Cabazide Carbazide Carbohydrozide Carbohydrazide 1,3-diaminourea 1,3-diamino-ure 1,3-DIAMINOUREA carbonohydrazide 1,3-Diaminomocovina Carbonic dihydrazide 4-amino-semicarbazid CHZ Oxygen Scavenger cardonic dihydrazide 4-aminosemicarbazide 4-Aminoisosemicarbazide
CAS	497-18-7
EINECS	207-837-2
InChI	InChI=1/CH6N4O/c2-4-1(6)5-3/h2-3H2,(H2,4,5,6)
InChIKey	XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Carbohydrazide - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	CH6N4O
Molar Mass	90.08
Density	1.02
Melting Point	150-153 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	167.26°C (rough estimate)
Water Solubility	Soluble in water.
Solubility	DMSO (Slightly), Water (Slightly)
Vapor Presure	0Pa at 25℃
Appearance	White powder
Color	White
Merck	14,1804
BRN	1747069
pKa	11.81±0.20(Predicted)
Storage Condition	Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Stability	Stable, but may explode if heated. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Refractive Index	1.4164 (estimate)
MDL	MFCD00007591
Physical and Chemical Properties	character White fine short columnar crystals solubility insoluble in ethanol, easily soluble in water, dissolved endothermic
Use	Widely used in the production of drugs, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes, etc (1) carbohydrazide is a derivative of hydrazine, which has strong reducibility and can be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of energetic materials, and can also be directly used as a component of explosives and propellants. (2) refinery equipment preservatives, can be used as boiler water treatment agent oxygen scavenger. (3) the chemical fiber industry as a cross-linking agent for elastic fibers. (4) as chemical raw materials and chemical intermediates, it is widely used in medicine, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes and other industries.

Carbohydrazide - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R5 - Heating may cause an explosion R22 - Harmful if swallowed R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R38 - Irritating to the skin
Safety Description	S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
UN IDs	UN3077
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	FF2625000
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29280000
Hazard Class	9
Packing Group	III

Carbohydrazide - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

white crystalline powder obtained by crystallization from aqueous ethanol. It had a melting point of 153 °c and began to decompose upon dissolution. Very soluble in water, 1% aqueous solution of pH 7.4. Almost insoluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. It reacts with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid to form salts. The generated chloride is very soluble in water, while the generated sulfate and oxalate are only slightly soluble in water, phosphate and nitrate can not be precipitated and crystallized. In the presence of nitrous acid, the carbohydrazide is converted to the compound carbonyl azide which is highly explosive. The aqueous solution of carbohydrazide gradually decomposes when it is heated with an acid or a base.

Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16

Carbohydrazide - Application

Open Data Verified Data

carbohydrazide is useful in the field of water treatment as an oxygen scavenger for boiler water and also as a passivating agent for metal surfaces to reduce the corrosion rate of metals. Carbohydrazide can react with dissolved oxygen in water to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water. When used, powdered carbohydrazide may be directly put into water, or an aqueous solution thereof may be used. They can be used alone or in combination with redox catalysts such as hydroquinone or other Quinones, and cobalt complexes. The carbohydrazide is suitably used at a temperature in the range of 87.8 to 176.7 ° C., I .e., below the vaporization temperature of water.

Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40

Carbohydrazide - Reference Information

LogP	-2.94 at 21.6℃
NIST chemical information	Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical information	Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link)
properties	white columnar crystal, dissolved and endothermic. 62.18% nitrogen content, 1% aqueous solution PH = 7.4, no moisture absorption, extremely strong reducibility. Reacts with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid to form salts. The chloride produced is very soluble in water; sulfate and oxalate are slightly soluble in water; phosphate and nitrate cannot precipitate and crystallize. In the presence of nitrous acid, carbonyl hydrazide will be converted into a highly explosive compound-carbonyl azide CO(N3)2. Carbohydrazide will be decomposed when the aqueous solution is heated with the acid.
Product characteristics	Carbohydrazide (English Carbohydrazide) is also known as carbazide, 1,3-disemicarbazide, Carbohydrazide, white fine short columnar crystals or white crystalline powder at room temperature, insoluble in ethanol, easily soluble in water, soluble in endotherm, insoluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, because it is a derivative of hydrazine, it has strong reducibility, non-toxic, and can replace hydrazine hydrate and oxime. It has a wide range of uses in industry. It can be used as a deoxidizer for boiler water in the field of water treatment. It is the most advanced material used for deoxidizing boiler water in the world today. It has low toxicity, high melting point, and far greater deoxidizing efficiency. The material used is an ideal safe and environmentally friendly product; it can also be used as a component of rocket propellant; and because the hydrogen atom connected to the nitrogen atom is easily replaced by other groups, in the textile industry, it can also be used as a crosslinking agent for elastic fibers, a trap for formaldehyde, and an antioxidant for pigments such as carotene. In addition, adding an appropriate amount of carbohydrazide to the soap containing phenol fungicides can prevent discoloration and rancidity. As chemical raw materials and chemical intermediates, it is widely used in medicine, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes and other industries.
boiler deoxidizer	when used as boiler deoxidizer, carbazide can be put into water or its aqueous solution can be used. The dosage of 1 molO2 carbonyl hydrazide is 0.5mol and is appropriately excessive. The applicable temperature range is 87.8-176.7 ℃. The timing of the use of carbohydrazide is after thermal oxygen removal. The reaction of carbohydrazide and oxygen is as follows: CON4H6 2O2=2N2 3H2O CO2
reference quality standard	item index appearance white crystal or white thin short columnar crystal purity% ≥ 98.0% free hydrazine ≤ 250.0mg/L loss on drying ≤ 0.2% PH(12% aqueous solution) 8.45±1.25
Uses	Widely used in the production of medicines, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes, etc. (1) Carbohydrazide is a derivative of hydrazine with strong reducibility. It can be used as an intermediate for manufacturing energetic materials, and can also be directly used as a component of explosives and propellants. (2) Preservatives for refinery equipment can be used as oxygen scavengers for boiler water treatment agents. (3) The chemical fiber industry is used as a cross-linking agent for elastic fibers. (4) As chemical raw materials and chemical intermediates, it is widely used in medicine, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes and other industries. It can be used as a component of rocket propellant, a stabilizer for color development and soap quality, an antioxidant for rubber, a boiler water deoxidizer, and a metal deactivator. Carbohydrazide is a derivative of hydrazine with strong reducibility. It can be used as an intermediate for the manufacture of energetic materials, and can also be directly used as a component of rocket explosives and propellants. As a deoxidizer for boiler water, it is the most advanced material for deoxidizing boiler water in the world today. It has low toxicity, high melting point, and deoxidizing efficiency is far greater than the currently used materials. It is an ideal product for safety and environmental protection. In addition, carbon hydrazide can also be used as a cross-linking agent for elastic fibers in the chemical fiber industry. As chemical raw materials and chemical intermediates, it is widely used in medicine, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes and other industries.
production method	1.354g of diethyl carbonate (3.0mol) and 388g of 85% hydrazine hydrate (6.6mol) are mixed in one step and placed in a 1L round bottom flask (with thermometer). At the beginning, there is only partial mutual dissolution, shaking the flask until the contents become a single phase. The reaction in the bottle is as follows: heat is released during the reaction, which makes the temperature rise to about 55 ℃. Then connect the flask to the fractionation column with a standard sleeve joint. The fractionation column is filled with Raschig ring. The thickness of the filler layer is 22cm. A thermometer is inserted into the column with a water-cooled condenser. A heating electric furnace with a pressure regulator was used to heat the reaction mixture. Within 30min after the start of the reaction, the generated ethanol and water are rapidly evaporated, and the subsequent distillate rate slows down. Continuous heating for 4 hours, distillate 325~350ml of distillate (temperature 85~96 ℃). The temperature in the bottle rose from 96 ℃ to 119 ℃. Cool the liquid in the bottle to 20 ℃ and let it stand for at least 1h. The precipitated carbonyl hydrazide crystals are filtered and separated, and the wet separation is drained as much as possible. The prepared crude product is about 165g with 60% yield. If refining is required, it can be processed by recrystallization and the refined product can be washed with ether. 2. Semi-continuous method This method is an improvement of one-step method. The mother liquor after crystallization is recycled and some new raw materials are added, thus significantly improving the yield. The reaction and the separation of volatile products are still carried out with the device in the one-step process. The method is briefly described as follows: 856g diethyl carbonate 7.25mol) and 938g 85% hydrated 15.95mol) are shaken and mixed into a single phase liquid to prepare a raw material liquid. In the initial stage of synthesis, 700g of raw material liquid is taken, fractionation is carried out under the above conditions, alcohol and water mixture (liquid) is distilled, and heating is continued to 119 ℃. The reaction mixture is cooled and filtered to recover the resulting crude carbohydrazide product. Weigh the separated mother liquor, add fresh raw liquid to 700g, and recycle. The cumulative yield reached 87%. 3. Other preparation methods ① from urea and excess hydrazine reaction. ② Hydrazine reacts with carbonyl chloride (phosgene). (3) The mixture of isocyanuric acid and hydrazine hydrate was heated and refluxed for 17h to obtain carbonyl hydrazide, and the yield reached 7 1%.
category	toxic substances
toxicity classification	poisoning
acute toxicity	abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 167 mg/kg; Intravenous-mouse LD50: 120 mg/kg
Explosive hazard characteristics	It can explode when heated; it can react with nitrous acid to form explosive diazide
flammability hazard characteristics	thermal decomposition of toxic nitrogen oxide gas
storage and transportation characteristics	warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Separate storage and transportation from strong acid and strong oxidant
fire extinguishing agent	water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam