于谷氨酸中有不对称碳原子,故形成几种立体异构体,较重要的是左旋谷氨酸(I谷氨酸)和外消旋谷氨酸(d/-谷氨酸),均无毒,其物化性质分述如下。左旋谷氨酸为白色鳞片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。200℃升华,247~249℃分解。相对密度1. 538。本品与盐酸作用生成I一谷氨酸盐酸盐,与碱作用生成I一谷氨酸一钠。外消旋谷氨酸为白色结晶。微溶于乙醚、乙醇和石油醚。相对密度(d20)1. 4601。熔点225~227℃(分解)。右旋谷氨酸,由水析出为片状结晶体,熔点247~249℃(分解)。
本品主要用发酵法生产。以糖蜜或淀粉为原料,用谷氨酸棒杆菌,或小球菌,或节杆菌作菌种,以尿素为氮源,在30~32℃下进行发酵,发酵完毕,将发酵液分离出菌体后,用盐酸调节pH值至3.O时,作等电点提取,经分离得谷氨酸结晶,母液中的谷氨酸再经732离子交换树脂提取,经结晶、烘干,得成品。
左旋谷氨酸本身为药品,能治疗肝昏迷症,但疗效差。主要用于生产味精、香料,以及用作代盐剂、营养增补剂和生化试剂等。外消旋谷氨酸用于生产药物,也用作生化试剂等。
中文名 | 谷氨酸 |
英文名 | L-Glutamic acid |
别名 | 麸氨酸 谷氨酸 谷氨酸杂质 L-谷氨酸 L-谷氨酸杂质 L-谷氨酸价格 α-氨基戊二酸 谷氨酰胺杂质Ⅰ 谷氨酸 |
英文别名 | H-Glu-OH Glutamic Acid L-Glutamic acid L(+)GLUTAMIC ACID L-Glutamine Acid Glutamic Acid (200 mg) L-2-Aminoglutaric acid L-Glutamic Acid (Alpha) L-GLUTAMIC ACID extrapure 4-amino-5-hydroxypentanamide L-GLUTAMIC ACIDRESEARCH GRADE (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Glu L-Glutamic acid, extra pure, Ph Eur, FCC L-Glutamic acid (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid L-Glutamic acid,(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Glu (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Acidum glutamicum, Glu L-Glutamic acid,(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Acidum glutamicum, Glu |
CAS | 56-86-0 |
EINECS | 200-293-7 |
化学式 | C5H9NO4 |
分子量 | 147.13 |
InChI | InChI=1/C5H12N2O2/c6-4(3-8)1-2-5(7)9/h4,8H,1-3,6H2,(H2,7,9) |
InChIKey | WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N |
密度 | 1.54 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
熔点 | 205 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
沸点 | 267.21°C (rough estimate) |
比旋光度 | 32 º (c=10,2N HCl) |
闪点 | 207.284°C |
水溶性 | 7.5 g/L (20 ºC) |
蒸汽压 | 0mmHg at 25°C |
JECFA Number | 1420 |
溶解度 | 1 m HCl: 100mg/ml |
折射率 | 1.4300 (estimate) |
酸度系数 | 2.13(at 25℃) |
PH值 | 3.0-3.5 (8.6g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
存储条件 | 2-8°C |
敏感性 | Easily absorbing moisture |
外观 | 粉末 |
颜色 | White |
最大波长(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1'] |
Merck | 14,4469 |
BRN | 1723801 |
物化性质 | 左旋谷氨酸为白色磷片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。 微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。 |
MDL号 | MFCD00002634 |
危险品标志 | Xi - 刺激性物品 |
风险术语 | 36/37/38 - 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。 |
安全术语 | S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 S36 - 穿戴适当的防护服。 S26 - 不慎与眼睛接触后,请立即用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。 |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | LZ9700000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
TSCA | Yes |
海关编号 | 29224200 |
上游原料 | 淀粉 核糖核酸 芥酸酰胺 维生素 |
下游产品 | 左旋咪唑 磷酸左旋咪唑 L-谷氨酰胺 |
参考资料 展开查看 | 1. 王建民 周冬亮 谭宏伟 等. 7 8-二羟基-4-甲基香豆素对谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞损伤的神经保护作用[J]. 中南药学 2017 015(004):450-454. 2. 宋兰兰, 马春丽, 屈倩,等. 改善低盐干酪苦味附属发酵剂菌株的筛选[J]. 食品科学, 2017(18):35-41. 3. 彭晓明, 霍仕霞, 高莉,等. 类叶升麻苷对谷氨酸损伤PC12细胞的保护作用[J]. 医药导报, 2015(3). 4. 王艳, 邱树毅, 王啸,等. 紫色红曲霉FBKL3.0018液态发酵产红曲色素条件的优化研究[J]. 中国酿造, 2017(12):57-62. 5. 钟广明, 黄小娟, 付玉丽,等. 苯乙烯系谷氨酸树脂的合成及对铅和汞离子的吸附性能[J]. 湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2016(6). 6. 王进, 王刚, 罗丽娟,等. 茚三酮比色法测定聚谷氨酸含量的研究[J]. 食品与发酵科技, 2019, 55(02):103-106. 7. 徐慢, 张晓鸣. 谷氨酸—木糖美拉德中间体的水相制备及其在桃酥中的应用[J]. 食品与机械, 2019(4):7-13. 8. 郑蔚. 针刺结合音乐疗法对焦虑模型大鼠海马Glu/GABA兴奋/抑制平衡系统的影响[D]. 云南中医学院, 2015. 9. 王昕,张宇翔,任婷婷,赵倩囡,岳田利,袁亚宏.茯砖茶中冠突散囊菌的分离鉴定及其在液态发酵中的应用[J].食品科学,2019,40(14):172-178. 10. 侯丽娟 严超 齐晓茹 王颉. 不同品种红枣酿制枣酒的香气差异性研究[J]. 食品工业 2017(5):208-212. 11. 黎敏 庞月兰 杨春 等. 兴安六垌茶白茶萎凋工艺研究[J]. 南方农业 2020 v.14(12):194-196. 12. 罗少华 邵伟 仇敏. 包埋-交联法固定大肠杆菌细胞制备γ-氨基丁酸的研究[J]. 中国酿造 2011(11):142-145. 13. 孙时光, 左勇, 徐佳, et al. 外源添加物对桑椹果酒高级醇的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2019, 045(019):180-187. 14. 严超, 侯丽娟, 齐晓茹,等. 红枣白兰地发酵过程中酒醅氨基酸和有机酸的变化分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2017, 38(014):121-125. 15. 毕欣宁,戚婧,黄运芳,魏桂杰,张婷,王宏雅,王淑琪,李志慧,郑伟,汪祺,张玉杰.UPLC-MS/MS同时快速检测大鼠组织及血、尿样品中8种神经递质含量[J].中国中药杂志,2019,44(22):4918-4923. 16. 张丽, 刘文静, 刘腾飞,等. 基于主成分分析法建立洞庭碧螺春质量评价模型[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2018. 17. 李志强, 杜盼盼, 武慧欣,等. 孕鼠常见微波暴露对仔鼠行为发育及认知的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 035(005):438-442. 18. 王小琴, 邹玉安, 薛茜,等. 缺血预处理对大鼠脑组织及血清氨基酸水平的影响[J]. 山东医药, 2016, 56(010):31-32. 19. 王小琴, 邹玉安, 郭春燕,等. 脑缺血预处理对大鼠脑组织中氨基酸及肿瘤坏死因子-α含量的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2016, 32(005):424-426. 20. 张云娟, 田洋, 周学,等. 辣木叶毛霉固态发酵过程中主要营养成分及其抗氧化活性的动态变化研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 032(008):1773-1778. 21. 梁浩明, 龙晓英, 卢耀文,等. 鼻吸入薄荷油对小鼠精神疲劳行为及脑内氨基酸类神经递质的影响[J]. 中药新药与临床药理, 2015(05):649-654. 22. 王婷婷,郜玉钢,臧埔,赵岩,何忠梅,祝洪艳,张连学.复方麦鹿芪人参制剂主要成分变化及其在肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2017,43(04):698-704+858-859. 23. 李婉斯, 李婷, 陆春怡,等. 基于HPLC指纹图谱及聚类分析评价市售阿胶的质量[J]. 上海中医药大学学报, 2017, 031(006):91-96. 24. 殷朝敏 范秀芝 史德芳 等. HS-SPME-GC-MS结合HPLC分析5种食用菌鲜品中的风味成分[J]. 食品工业科技 2019 040(003):254-260. 25. 余鹏辉 陈盼 黄浩 等. 保靖黄金茶1号工夫红茶加工工序对主要滋味物质形成的影响[J]. 食品科学 2020 v.41;No.623(10):194-200. 26. 谈梦霞, 陈佳丽, 邹立思,等. 不同贮藏条件对麦冬药材质量的影响[J]. 中药材, 2018(11). 27. 马长中, 罗章, 辜雪冬. 林芝砖红绒盖牛肝菌的营养成分分析及评价[J]. 食品科学, 2016, 37(024):124-129. 28. 陈思, 郜玉钢, 臧埔,等. 鹿角脱盘及其5种提取部位21种氨基酸含量对比分析[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2017(10):1851-1857. 29. 祝洪艳, 张荻, 张力娜,等. 柱前衍生化HPLC法检测紫苏子和紫苏叶中氨基酸的含量[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2017(10):1858-1864. 30. 王蓉蓉,胡争艳,吴平谷,单乐天,黄家卫,王春雷.超高效液相-串联质谱分析法同时测定蕲蛇提取物中核苷及氨基酸的含量[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2020,30(15):1793-1797+1803. 31. 李良清,郑文俊,吴小凤,刘德喜.武夷岩茶标准样品质及化学成分比较[J].广东茶业,2021(01):5-8. 32. Wen, Zhiqi, et al. "Metabolomics and 16S rRNA Gene sequencing analyses of changes in the intestinal flora and biomarkers induced by gastrodia-uncaria treatment in a rat model of chronic migraine." Frontiers in pharmacology 10 (2019): 1425.https://doi.org/1 33. Xinru Xu, Mingguang Yu, Junaid Raza, Huanlu Song, Lin Gong, Wenqing Pan, Study of the mechanism of flavor compounds formed via taste-active peptides in bovine bone protein extract, LWT, Volume 137, 2021, 110371, ISSN 0023-6438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lw 34. Zhao, Zheng, et al. "Cholinium amino acids-glycerol mixtures: New class of solvents for pretreating wheat straw to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis." Bioresource technology 245 (2017): 625-632.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.209 35. Wang, Chengcheng, et al. "Distribution patterns for metabolites in medicinal parts of wild and cultivated licorice." Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 161 (2018): 464-473.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.004 36. Li, Lei, et al. "A TIMS-TOF mass spectrometry study of disaccharides from in situ ESI derivatization with 3-pyridinylboronate." Analyst 146.1 (2021): 75-84.DOI: 10.1039/D0AN01677B 37. Ai-Yue Hao, Xue-Qing Wang, Yan-Zhen Mei, Jun-Fang Nie, Ya-Qiong Yang, Chuan-Chao Dai,A smartphone-combined ratiometric fluorescence probe for specifically and visibly detecting cephalexin,Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscop 38. [IF=6.079] Tian Luo et al."Determination of underivatized amino acids to evaluate quality of beer by capillary electrophoresis with online sweeping technique."J Food Drug Anal. 2017 Oct;25:789 39. [IF=4.952] Fengfeng Qu et al."Effect of different drying methods on the sensory quality and chemical components of black tea."Lwt Food Sci Technol. 2019 Jan;99:112 40. [IF=4.411] Cuihua Chen et al."Quality Evaluation of Apocyni Veneti Folium from Different Habitats and Commercial Herbs Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis."Molecules. 2018 Mar;23(3):5 41. [IF=4.411] Yujiao Hua et al."Quality Evaluation of Pseudostellariae Radix Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Components Combined with Grey Relational Analysis."Molecules. 2017 Jan;22(1):13 42. [IF=4.098] Chunlin Li et al."Rapid and non-destructive discrimination of special-grade flat green tea using Near-infrared spectroscopy."Spectrochim Acta A. 2019 Jan;206:254 43. [IF=3.535] Tian Luo et al."Establishing a sensitive capillary electrophoresis-UV method for direct determination of amino acids to evaluate vinegar quality."Electrophoresis. 2018 Jun;39(11):1410-1416 44. [IF=2.896] Jing Ke et al."Development of a gradient micellar liquid chromatographic method eluting from micellar mode to high submicellar mode for the rapid separation of free amino acids."Anal Methods-Uk. 2017 Mar;9(11):1762-1770 45. [IF=2.896] Ya-yun Chen et al."Determination of free amino acids and nucleosides and nucleobases in Annona squamosa L. fruitages from different regions in China by LC-QTRAP-MS/MS."Anal Methods-Uk. 2017 Jun;9(25):3862-3869 46. [IF=2.727] Tian Luo et al."Quality assessment of soy sauce using underivatized amino acids by capillary electrophoresis."International Journal Of Food Properties. 2018 Jan 08 47. [IF=2.227] Zhang Jie et al."Preparation and characterization of L-phenylalanine modified chitosan resin for aromatic amino acid adsorption."Macromol Res. 2014 May;22(5):515-522 48. [IF=11.413] Zhenhao Tian et al."A NIR fluorescent probe for Vanin-1 and its applications in imaging, kidney injury diagnosis, and the development of inhibitor."Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Jun;: 49. [IF=7.79] Ye Lu et al."Enhancing hydrogel-based long-lasting chemiluminescence by a platinum-metal organic framework and its application in array detection of pesticides and D-amino acids."Nanoscale. 2020 Feb;12(8):4959-4967 50. [IF=6.785] Xiangge Tian et al."Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Drug-Induced Acute Liver Injury."Anal Chem. 2019;91(24):15840–15845 51. [IF=6.057] Mengnan Jiang et al."Rapid electrochemical detection of domoic acid based on polydopamine/reduced graphene oxide coupled with in-situ imprinted polyacrylamide."Talanta. 2022 Jan;236:122885 52. [IF=5.81] Wen Zhiqi et al."Metabolomics and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analyses of Changes in the Intestinal Flora and Biomarkers Induced by Gastrodia-Uncaria Treatment in a Rat Model of Chronic Migraine."Front Pharmacol. 2019 Dec;0:1425 53. [IF=5.537] Yurong Ma et al."Pre-cut NaCl solution treatment effectively inhibited the browning of fresh-cut potato by influencing polyphenol oxidase activity and several free amino acids contents."Postharvest Biol Tec. 2021 Aug;178:111543 54. [IF=4.952] Xinru Xu et al."Study of the mechanism of flavor compounds formed via taste-active peptides in bovine bone protein extract."Lwt Food Sci Technol. 2021 Feb;137:110371 55. [IF=4.821] Peng Wan et al."Analysis of aroma-active compounds in bighead carp head soup and their influence on umami of a model soup."Microchem J. 2021 Sep;168:106436 56. [IF=4.556] Dandan Zhao et al."Physico-chemical properties and free amino acids profiles of six wolfberry cultivars in Zhongning."J Food Compos Anal. 2020 May;88:103460 57. [IF=4.411] Mengxia Tan et al."Quality Evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix from Two Different Producing Areas."Molecules. 2019 Jan;24(18):3220 58. [IF=4.411] Shengxin Yin et al."Comparison of Multiple Bioactive Constituents in the Corolla and Other Parts of Abelmoschus manihot."Molecules. 2021 Jan;26(7):1864 59. [IF=4.379] Feng Lin et al."Chemical profile changes during pile fermentation of Qingzhuan tea affect inhibition of α-amylase and lipase."Sci Rep-Uk. 2020 Feb;10(1):1-10 60. [IF=4.35] Xiaomei Dai et al."1-Methylcyclopropene Preserves the Quality of Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) by Enhancing Its Antioxidant Capacities and Organosulfur Profile during Storage."Foods. 2021 Aug;10(8):1792 61. [IF=4.27] Cuihua Chen et al."Metabolomics characterizes metabolic changes of Apocyni Veneti Folium in response to salt stress."Plant Physiol Bioch. 2019 Nov;144:187 62. [IF=4.242] Mohammad Mizanur Rahman et al."Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides."Aquaculture. 2021 Oct;543:736884 63. [IF=4.204] Zhu Mingyue et al."A highly selective fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 in living cells and tissues."Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering. 2021 Jun 29 64. [IF=4.142] Wang Chenxi et al."Systematic quality evaluation of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and adjusted parallel reaction monitoring of quality markers."Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Nov;4 65. [IF=4.098] Chunlin Li et al."Discrimination of white teas produced from fresh leaves with different maturity by near-infrared spectroscopy."Spectrochim Acta A. 2020 Feb;227:117697 66. [IF=4.098] Ai-Yue Hao et al."A smartphone-combined ratiometric fluorescence probe for specifically and visibly detecting cephalexin."Spectrochim Acta A. 2021 Mar;249:119310 67. [IF=4.076] Ahui Sun et al."A Zinc Coordination Polymer Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Doxycycline Based on Fluorescence Enhancement."Cryst Growth Des. 2021;21(9):4971–4978 68. [IF=3.935] Biru Shi et al."Investigation on the stability in plant metabolomics with a special focus on freeze-thaw cycles: LC–MS and NMR analysis to Cassiae Semen (Cassia obtusifolia L.) seeds as a case study."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2021 Sep;204:114243 69. [IF=3.361] Ning Zhao et al."Ratiometric fluorescence probe of Cu2+ and biothiols by using carbon dots and copper nanoclusters."Rsc Adv. 2021 Oct;11(53):33662-33674 70. [IF=3.361] Furong Wang et al."Effect of free amino acids and peptide hydrolysates from sunflower seed protein on the formation of pyrazines under different heating conditions."Rsc Adv. 2021 Aug;11(45):27772-27781 71. [IF=3.167] Fuli Sun et al."Aqueous Preparation of Maillard Reaction Intermediate from Glutathione and Xylose and its Volatile Formation During Thermal Treatment."J Food Sci. 2019 Dec;84(12):3584-3593 72. [IF=2.646] Liu Bingqian et al."Enzyme-induced Fenton reaction coupling oxidation of o-phenylenediamine for sensitive and specific immunoassay."J Solid State Electr. 2020 Mar;24(3):633-640 73. [IF=2.097] Ke Jing et al."Isocratic micellar liquid chromatography using mixed anionic and non-ionic surfactants as mobile phase additives for separation of 17 free amino acids."Chem Pap. 2019 Oct;73(10):2417-2426 74. [IF=1.902] Ying Guo et al."Rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating brain–gut neurotransmitters."Biomed Chromatogr. 2021 May;35(5):e5058 75. [IF=1.618] Wang Shengnan et al."Simultaneous Determination of Iridoid Glycosides, Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Organic Acids, Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Scrophulariae Radix Processed by Different Processing Methods by HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS."J Chromatogr Sci. 2021 Jun; 76. [IF=4.242] Hang Yang et al."Dietary leucine requirement of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) based on growth, nutrient utilization and growth-related gene analyses."Aquaculture. 2022 Jun;555:738207 77. [IF=6.057] Ghazala Ashraf et al."Extension of duplex specific nuclease sensing application with RNA aptamer."Talanta. 2022 May;242:123314 78. [IF=9.423] Yi Li et al."Blockage of citrate export prevents TCA cycle fragmentation via Irg1 inactivation."Cell Rep. 2022 Feb;38:110391 79. [IF=4.142] Chi Zhongmei et al."A photonic crystal fiber–based fluorescence sensor for simultaneous and sensitive detection of lactic acid enantiomers."Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022 Feb;414(4):1641-1649 80. [IF=7.514] YueTong Yu et al."Identification and Quantification of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins, Alkaloids, and Flavonoids in Lotus Seeds: A Potentially Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds."Food Chem. 2022 Jan;:132124 81. [IF=0.886] Wu W. et al."Biosynthesis of Novel Naphthoquinone Derivatives in the Commonly-used Chassis Cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli."Appl Biochem Micro+. 2021 Dec;57(1):S11-S26 82. [IF=4.411] Nan Wu et al."Quality Evaluation of Taxilli Herba from Different Hosts Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis."Molecules. 2021 Jan;26(24):7490 83. [IF=4.465] Pan Caixing et al."Frankincense-like Flavor Formation Through the Combined Effect of Moderate Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Milk Fat and Glutamic Acid-galactose Amadori Rearrangement Product During Thermal Processing."Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2022 May;:1 84. [IF=4.105] Cong Wang et al."Heteronuclear MOF-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of tetracycline antibiotics."APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 85. [IF=4.24] Caixing Pan et al."Exogenous glutamic acid effectively involved in N-(1-deoxy-D-galulos-1-yl)-glutamic acid degradation for simultaneous improvement of both milk-like and baking flavor."Food Biosci. 2022 Jun;47:101697 86. [IF=3.935] Min Zhang et al."Chemical profile and miscarriage prevention evaluation of Jiao-ai decoction, a classical traditional Chinese formula."JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS. 2022 May;:114832 87. [IF=7.514] Xue Xia et al."Structural Diversity and Concentration Dependence of Pyrazine Formation: Exogenous Amino Substrates and Reaction Parameters during Thermal Processing of L-alanyl-L-glutamine Amadori Compound."FOOD CHEMISTRY. 2022 May;:133144 |
于谷氨酸中有不对称碳原子,故形成几种立体异构体,较重要的是左旋谷氨酸(I谷氨酸)和外消旋谷氨酸(d/-谷氨酸),均无毒,其物化性质分述如下。左旋谷氨酸为白色鳞片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。200℃升华,247~249℃分解。相对密度1. 538。本品与盐酸作用生成I一谷氨酸盐酸盐,与碱作用生成I一谷氨酸一钠。外消旋谷氨酸为白色结晶。微溶于乙醚、乙醇和石油醚。相对密度(d20)1. 4601。熔点225~227℃(分解)。右旋谷氨酸,由水析出为片状结晶体,熔点247~249℃(分解)。
本品主要用发酵法生产。以糖蜜或淀粉为原料,用谷氨酸棒杆菌,或小球菌,或节杆菌作菌种,以尿素为氮源,在30~32℃下进行发酵,发酵完毕,将发酵液分离出菌体后,用盐酸调节pH值至3.O时,作等电点提取,经分离得谷氨酸结晶,母液中的谷氨酸再经732离子交换树脂提取,经结晶、烘干,得成品。
本品为L-2-氨基戊二酸。按干燥品计算,含C5H9N04 不得少于98.5% 。
取本品,精密称定,加2mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并定量稀释制成每lml中约含70mg的溶液,依法测定(通则0621),比旋度为+ 31.5°至+ 32.5°。
左旋谷氨酸本身为药品,能治疗肝昏迷症,但疗效差。主要用于生产味精、香料,以及用作代盐剂、营养增补剂和生化试剂等。外消旋谷氨酸用于生产药物,也用作生化试剂等。
取本品l.Og,加2mol/L盐酸溶液20ml溶解后,照紫外-可见分光光度法(通则0401),在430nm的波长处测定透光率,不得低于98.0% 。
取本品0.30g,依法检査(通则0801),与标准氯化钠溶液6.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.02% ) 。
取本品0.50g,加稀盐酸2ml和水5ml,振摇使溶解,依法检查(通则0802),与标准硫酸钾溶液1.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.02%).
取本品0.10g,依法检查(通则0808),与标准氯化铵溶液2.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.02% ) 。
取本品,加0.5mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并稀释制成每lml中约含1Omg的溶液,作为供试品溶液;精密量取1ml,置200ml量瓶中,用0.5mol/L盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照溶液;另取谷氨酸对照品与门冬氨酸对照品各适量,置同一量瓶中,加0.5mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并稀释制成每lml中分别约含谷氨酸IOmg和门冬氨酸0.05mg的溶液,作为系统适用性溶液。照薄层色谱法(通则0502)试验,吸取上述三种溶液各5ul,分别点于同一硅胶G 薄层板上,以正丁醇-水-冰醋酸(2:1:1)为展开剂,展开,晾干,喷以茚三酮的丙酮溶液(1—50),在80°C加热至斑点出现,立即检视。对照溶液应显一个清晰的斑点,系统适用性溶液应显两个完全分离的斑点。供试品溶液如显杂质斑点,其颜色与对照溶液的主斑点比较,不得更深(0.5% ) 。
取本品,在105°C干燥至恒重,减失重量不得过 0.5% (通则 0831)。
取本品l.Og,依法检查(通则0841),遗留残渣不得过0.1% 。
取本品2.0g,加稀盐酸6ml与水适量,加热使溶解,放冷,加水至25ml,依法检查(通则0807),与标准铁溶液1.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.0005% ) 。
取炽灼残渣项下遗留的残渣,依法检査(通则0821第二法),含重金属不得过百万分之十。
取本品2.0g,加盐酸5ml和水23ml使溶解,依法检查(通则0822第一法),应符合规定(0.0001% ) 。
取本品,加氯化钠注射液稀释制成每lml中含20mg的溶液,加热使溶解,放冷至37°C,依法检查(通则1142),剂量按家兔体重每lkg注射10ml,应符合规定。(供注射用)
取本品约0.25g,精密称定,加沸水50ml使溶解,放冷,加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液5滴,用氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L )滴定至溶液由黄色变为蓝绿色。每lml氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L )相当于 14.71mg的C5H9N04。
氨基酸类药。
遮光,密封保存。
本品含谷氨酸(C5H9N04)应为标示量的95.0%〜105.0% 。
本品为白色片。
取本品10片,精密称定,研细,精密称取适量(约相当于谷氨酸0.4g),加沸水50ml使谷氨酸溶解,放冷,加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液0.5ml,用氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L)滴定至溶液由黄色变为蓝绿色。每lml氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L)相当于 14.71mg 的 C5H9N04。
同谷氨酸。
(1)0.3g (2)0.5g
遮光,密封保存。
微信搜索化工百科或扫描下方二维码,添加化工百科小程序,随时随地查信息!