色氨酸
L-色氨酸(L-Tryptophan)
CAS: 73-22-3;80206-30-0
化学式: C11H12N2O2
性质
- 本品为白色或类白色的结晶性粉末。无臭或微臭，稍有苦味。熔点289℃（分解）。在水中微溶(1.14%，25℃)，在乙醇中极微溶解；在稀酸或稀碱中溶解。长时间光照则着色。与水共热产生少量吲哚，如在氢氧化钠、硫酸铜存在下加热，则产生多量吲哚。与酸在暗处加热较稳定。与其他氨基酸、糖类、醛类共存时极易分解。如无烃类共存，与5mol氢氧化钠共热至125℃仍稳定。用酸分解蛋白质时，色氨酸完全分解，生成腐黑物。
- 色氨酸是杂环氨基酸，是一种必需氨基酸。在体内能转变为5一羟色胺、烟酸、黑素紧张素、松果体激素和黄尿酸等多种生理活性物质。当人体缺乏色氨酸时，不仅会引起一般低蛋白症，还会产生皮肤疾患、白内障、玻璃体退化及心肌纤维化等特殊病症。它还能增强机体对’，射线的抵抗力。人体每日最低需要量为0. 2g。
制法
- 化学合成法。
- 添加前体的发酵法。
- 直接发酵法。
用途
- 氨基酸类药。用于氨基酸输液。常与铁剂、维生素等合用。与维生素B6合用于改善抑郁症，防治糙皮病；作为失眠镇静剂配合L-多巴用于治疗帕金森氏病；还用于维生素B6缺乏试验。
- 用法及剂量 口服，每日0. 25～0. lg，分数次服。色氨酸还可用于营养强化食品。用作第三饲用氨基酸。
安全性
- 成人经口耐受量是20～50mg/kg，对实验动物有致癌性；有恶心、厌食、思睡等不良反应。忌同单胺氧化酶抑制剂合用。
- 避光，密闭保存。
| 中文名 | L-色氨酸 |
| 英文名 | L-Tryptophan |
| 别名 | 色氨酸 L-色胺酸 L-色氨酸 L-色氨基酸 L-氨基吲哚丙酸 L-胰化蛋白氨基酸 L-2-氨基-3-吲哚基丙酸 L-2-氨基-3-吲哚基-丙酸 L-2-氨基-3-吲哚基-1-丙酸 L-A- 氨基-3-吲哚 基-1-丙酸 L-色氨酸AJI88,USP23,FCCIII,CP2000 |
| 英文别名 | TRP H-Trp-OH L-Trp-OH Tryptophan L-Tryptohan L-Tryptophan L-Tryptophane L-Tryptophan, Trp Indole-3-alanine L-Tryptophan(pharm grade) L-Tryptophan, Animal-Free L-TRYPTOPHAN (13C11,D8,15N2) Trytophan (W) Solution, 100ppm VWR SURFACE SAMPLING SPONGE WITH NE L-alphs-Amino-3-indolepropionic acid (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-indolyl)propionic acid 2-Amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (S)-2-Amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid |
| CAS | 73-22-3 80206-30-0 |
| EINECS | 200-795-6 |
| 化学式 | C11H12N2O2 |
| 分子量 | 204.23 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C11H12N2O2/c12-9(11(14)15)5-7-6-13-10-4-2-1-3-8(7)10/h1-4,6,9,13H,5,12H2,(H,14,15)/t9-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N |
| 密度 | 1.34 |
| 熔点 | 289-290°C (dec.)(lit.) |
| 沸点 | 342.72°C (rough estimate) |
| 比旋光度 | -31.1 º (c=1, H20) |
| 闪点 | 224.7°C |
| 水溶性 | 11.4 g/L (25 ºC) |
| 蒸汽压 | 8.3E-09mmHg at 25°C |
| 溶解度 | 20% NH3: 20 °C时0.1g/mL，澄清，无色 |
| 折射率 | -32 ° (C=1, H2O) |
| 酸度系数 | 2.46(at 25℃) |
| PH值 | 5.5-7.0 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| 存储条件 | 2-8°C |
| 稳定性 | 稳定。与强酸、强氧化剂不相容。 |
| 敏感性 | Sensitive to light |
| 外观 | 粉末 |
| 颜色 | White to yellow-white |
| Merck | 14,9797 |
| BRN | 86197 |
| 物化性质 | 为白色结晶性粉末。 无臭、味微苦， 在水中微溶（1.14%, 25℃), 难溶于乙醇。 可溶于稀酸或稀碱。 mp289℃ (分解)。 等电点5.89。 [α]D+2.8 (5mol/L HCl), [α]D+6.2 (0.5 mol/L NaOH)。 长时间光照则着色。 与水共热产生少量吲哚， 在氢氧化钠、硫酸铜存在下加热， 则产生多量吲哚， 与酸在暗处加热较稳定， 但与其他氨基酸、糖类、醛类共存时加热则极易分解。 用酸分解蛋白质时， 色氨酸完全分解。 |
| MDL号 | MFCD00064340 |
| 危险品标志 | Xi - 刺激性物品 |
| 风险术语 | R33 - 有累积效应的危险品。 R40 - 少数报道有致癌后果。 R62 - 有损害生育能力的危险。 R41 - 对眼睛有严重伤害。 R37/38 - 刺激呼吸系统和皮肤+B52。 R36/37/38 - 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。 R22 - 吞食有害。 |
| 安全术语 | S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 S36/37/39 - 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和护目镜或面具。 S36 - 穿戴适当的防护服。 S26 - 不慎与眼睛接触后，请立即用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | YN6130000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| 海关编号 | 29339990 |
| 上游原料 | 蛋白质 吲哚 DL-色氨酸 氯乙酸酐 L-氨基酸 L-丝氨酸 3-(3-吲哚基)-2-氧代丙酸 |
| 下游产品 | DL-色氨酸 L-色氨醇 |
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色氨酸 - 性质
可信数据
- 本品为白色或类白色的结晶性粉末。无臭或微臭，稍有苦味。熔点289℃（分解）。在水中微溶(1.14%，25℃)，在乙醇中极微溶解；在稀酸或稀碱中溶解。长时间光照则着色。与水共热产生少量吲哚，如在氢氧化钠、硫酸铜存在下加热，则产生多量吲哚。与酸在暗处加热较稳定。与其他氨基酸、糖类、醛类共存时极易分解。如无烃类共存，与5mol氢氧化钠共热至125℃仍稳定。用酸分解蛋白质时，色氨酸完全分解，生成腐黑物。
- 色氨酸是杂环氨基酸，是一种必需氨基酸。在体内能转变为5一羟色胺、烟酸、黑素紧张素、松果体激素和黄尿酸等多种生理活性物质。当人体缺乏色氨酸时，不仅会引起一般低蛋白症，还会产生皮肤疾患、白内障、玻璃体退化及心肌纤维化等特殊病症。它还能增强机体对’，射线的抵抗力。人体每日最低需要量为0. 2g。
最后更新：2024-01-02 23:10:35
色氨酸 - 制法
可信数据
- 化学合成法。
- 添加前体的发酵法。
- 直接发酵法。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:27
色氨酸 - 用途
可信数据
- 氨基酸类药。用于氨基酸输液。常与铁剂、维生素等合用。与维生素B6合用于改善抑郁症，防治糙皮病；作为失眠镇静剂配合L-多巴用于治疗帕金森氏病；还用于维生素B6缺乏试验。
- 用法及剂量 口服，每日0. 25～0. lg，分数次服。色氨酸还可用于营养强化食品。用作第三饲用氨基酸。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:28
色氨酸 - 安全性
可信数据
- 成人经口耐受量是20～50mg/kg，对实验动物有致癌性；有恶心、厌食、思睡等不良反应。忌同单胺氧化酶抑制剂合用。
- 避光，密闭保存。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:28
色氨酸 - 简介
L-色氨酸是一种具有手性的氨基酸，结构上带有一个吲哚环和一个氨基。它通常是白色或微黄色的结晶粉末，在水中微溶，在酸性条件下溶解度增加。L-色氨酸是人体不能合成的必需氨基酸之一，是蛋白质的组成部分，也是蛋白质的合成和代谢过程中不可或缺的原料。
L-色氨酸的制备方法主要有两种。一种是从天然来源中提取，例如从动物骨骼、奶制品和植物种子中提取。另一种是通过生化合成方法合成，利用微生物或基因工程技术进行合成。
L-色氨酸在一般情况下是安全的，但过量摄入可能会产生一些副作用。过量摄入可能导致胃肠不适、恶心、呕吐等消化道反应。对于某些特定病人，例如罕见的遗传性色氨酸尿症患者，摄入L-色氨酸可能会引发更严重的健康问题。
L-色氨酸的制备方法主要有两种。一种是从天然来源中提取，例如从动物骨骼、奶制品和植物种子中提取。另一种是通过生化合成方法合成，利用微生物或基因工程技术进行合成。
L-色氨酸在一般情况下是安全的，但过量摄入可能会产生一些副作用。过量摄入可能导致胃肠不适、恶心、呕吐等消化道反应。对于某些特定病人，例如罕见的遗传性色氨酸尿症患者，摄入L-色氨酸可能会引发更严重的健康问题。
最后更新：2024-04-09 18:58:34
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