Name | tranexamic acid |
Synonyms | dv-79 amcha Amstat emorhalt cyclocapron cyklokapron tranexamic acid TIMTEC-BB SBB006715 trans-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid trans-4-Aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate TRANS-4-(AMINOMETHYL)CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid TRANS-4-AMINOMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid |
CAS | 1197-18-8 701-54-2 |
EINECS | 214-818-2 |
InChI | InChI=1/C8H15NO2/c9-5-6-1-3-7(4-2-6)8(10)11/h6-7H,1-5,9H2,(H,10,11)/t6-,7- |
InChIKey | GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N |
Molecular Formula | C8H15NO2 |
Molar Mass | 157.21 |
Density | 1.0806 (rough estimate) |
Melting Point | >300 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 281.88°C (rough estimate) |
Flash Point | 135.357°C |
Water Solubility | 1g/6ml |
Solubility | Freely soluble in water and in glacial acetic acid, practically insoluble in acetone and in ethanol (96 per cent). |
Vapor Presure | 1.72hPa at 25℃ |
Appearance | Yellow-like crystals |
Color | White |
Merck | 14,9569 |
BRN | 2207452 |
pKa | pKa 4.3 (Uncertain);10.6 (Uncertain) |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Stability | Hygroscopic |
Refractive Index | 1.4186 (estimate) |
MDL | MFCD00001466 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | White crystalline powder. Odorless. The taste was slightly bitter. Hydrochloride melting point 247-251 ° C, soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol and chloroform. |
Use | Hemostatic drugs, traumatic bleeding effect is remarkable, preoperative preventive medication can reduce surgical bleeding |
Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | GU8400000 |
HS Code | 29224999 |
Hazard Class | IRRITANT |
Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 1500, 1200 i.v. (Melander) |
This product is trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid. Calculated as dried product, the content of C8H15N02 shall not be less than 99.0%.
take 0.50g of this product, Add 10ml of water to dissolve, and measure according to law (General rule 0631). The pH value should be 7.0~8.0.
take this product l.O g, add water 20ml dissolved, the solution should be clear and colorless.
take 0.50g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0801). Compared with the control solution made of standard sodium chloride solution 7.0 ml, it should not be more concentrated (0.014%).
take 0.50g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0802). Compared with the control solution made of 3.5ml of standard potassium sulfate solution, it should not be more concentrated (0.07%) (for oral administration or injection) or with standard potassium sulfate solution 2. The control solution made of Oml should not be more concentrated (0.04%)(for intravenous infusion).
take this product, add water to dissolve and quantitatively dilute to make a solution containing about 10 mg per lml as a test solution; Take 1ml for precision measurement and put it in a 200ml measuring flask, as a control solution, it was diluted to the scale with water and shaken. According to the high performance liquid chromatography (General rule 0512) test, with eighteen alkyl silane bonded silica gel as filler, with 0.23% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (take sodium dihydrogen phosphate 18.3g, add water to dissolve, add triethylamine 8.3ml mixed, then, 2.3g of sodium dodecyl sulfate was added and dissolved by shaking. The pH value was adjusted to 2.5 with phosphoric acid, and water was added to ML and shaken with a mobile phase of Methanol (60:40) at a detection wavelength of 220nm. Tranexamic acid and Aminomethylbenzoic acid are dissolved in water and diluted to make a solution containing 0.2mg of tranexamic acid and 2ug of Aminomethylbenzoic acid per lml, and 20ul is injected into the liquid chromatograph to adjust the flow rate so that the peak retention time of tranexamic acid is about 13 minutes, the resolution of the peak of tranexamic acid and the peak of Aminomethylbenzoic acid should be greater than 5.0. 20 u1 of the test solution and the control solution were respectively injected into the liquid chromatograph, and the chromatogram was recorded to 3 times of the retention time of the main peak. If there are impurity peaks in the chromatogram of the test solution, the area of the cycloolefin impurity peak with a relative retention time of about 1.2 multiplied by the correction factor of 0.005 shall not be greater than 0.2 times (0.1%) of the main peak area of the control solution; after the peak area of Aminomethylbenzoic acid is multiplied by the correction factor 0.006, it shall not be greater than 0.2 times (0.1%) of the main peak area of the control solution; After the peak area of isomer with relative retention time of about 1.5 is multiplied by the correction factor 1.2, the main peak area of the control solution shall not be greater than 0.4 times (0.2% ), and the peak area of other individual impurities shall not be greater than 0.2 times (0.1%) of the main peak volume of the control solution, the sum of isomer peak area and other impurity peak area after multiplying the correction factor respectively shall not be greater than the main peak area of the control solution (0.5%).
take 0.50g of this product, check according to law (General rule 0842), if color, and yellow-green or orange-yellow No. 0.5 standard colorimetric liquid (General rule 0901 first method) comparison, shall not be deeper.
take this product, dry to constant weight at 105°C, weight loss shall not exceed 0.5% (General rule 0831).
take l.Og of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0841). The residue left shall not exceed 0.1%.
take this product 1.Og, add water 20ml to dissolve (if the solution is not clear, filtered), divided into 2 equal parts: add dilute sulfuric acid lml in one part; Add water 1ml in the other part, let stand for 15 minutes, both fluids should be clarified as well.
The residue left under the item of taking the ignition residue shall not contain more than 10 parts per million of heavy metal when examined by law (General Principles 0821, Law II).
take this product about 0.12g, precision weighing, add glacial acetic acid 40ml dissolved, add crystal violet indicator solution 1~2 drops, with perchloric acid titration solution (0.1 mol/L) titration to the solution is blue-green, and the result of the titration is corrected with a blank test. Each 1 ml of perchloric acid titration solution (0.1 mol/L) corresponds to 15.72mg of C8H15N02.
hemostatic drugs.
light shielding, sealed storage.
This product contains tranexamic acid (C8H15N02) should be labeled the amount of 95.0% ~ 105.0%.
This product is white tablet.
Same as tranexamic acid.
(1)0.125g (2)0.25g
light shielding, sealed storage.
This product is a sterile aqueous solution of tranexamic acid. The content of tranexamic acid (C8H15NO2) shall be between 95.0% and 105.0% of the labeled amount.
This product is a clear colorless liquid.
Same as tranexamic acid.
(l)2ml:O.lg ( 2 ) 2ml:0.2g ( 3 ) 5ml:0.25g (4)5ml:0.5g (5)10ml:1.Og
light shielding, closed storage.
This product contains tranexamic acid (C8H15N02) should be labeled the amount of 90.0% ~ 110.0%.
should comply with the relevant provisions under the capsule (General rule 0103).
take the contents under the difference of loading, mix evenly, weigh an appropriate amount (about 0.25g equivalent to tranexamic acid) accurately, add 40ml of glacial acetic acid, shake to dissolve tranexamic acid, add 1 to 2 drops of crystal violet indicator solution, and use perchloric acid titration solution (0.1 mol/L) titration to the solution is blue-green, and the result of the titration is corrected with a blank test. Each 1 ml of perchloric acid titration solution (0.1 mol/L) corresponds to 15.72mg of C8H15NO2.
Same as tranexamic acid.
0.25g
light shielding, sealed storage.
background | tranexamic acid has recently received widespread attention due to its addition in Yunnan Baiyao toothpaste. this medicine is a good medicine widely used in clinic, and its important role is to stop bleeding. it is even considered as a hemostatic medicine, which is mainly used for hemostasis after major surgery and postpartum. Of course, hemostasis is probably the minimum reason why many toothpastes are added to hope to have an effect. The discovery of tranexamic acid is legendary. In the 1950 s, Japanese pharmacologist Utako (Utako Okamoto) discovered tranexamic acid (Tranexamic acid), also known as tranexamic acid (it is a well-known whitening and freckle-removing product in the beauty industry) in the process of searching for hemostatic drugs. Okamoto was born in 1918and has been engaged in brain research since 1942. Japan was defeated in 1945, and research materials were extremely scarce. Her original research work was unsustainable, and she was forced to change to research hemostatic drugs. The reason was that she had blood on her body, and as a woman, she would bleed every month, which was a good sample for self-research. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of lysine, which is a hemostatic drug commonly used in clinic. It plays a hemostatic effect by inhibiting the dissolution of fibrin. Tranexamic acid can be strongly adsorbed with the lysine binding site (LBS) of the fibrin affinity site on plasmin and plasminogen, which inhibits the binding of plasmin, plasminogen and fibrin, thereby strongly inhibiting Fibrinolysis caused by plasmin; in addition, in the presence of anti-plasmin such as macroglobulin in serum, the anti-fibrinolytic effect of tranexamic acid is more obvious. Its bioavailability is 34% and its half-life is 3.1h. |
Pharmacological effects | Tranexamic acid, also known as tranexamic acid, chemical name 4-aminomethylcyclohexanicarboxylic acid, trade name Toxemin. Tranexamic acid (tranexamic acid) is a synthetic amino acid antifibrinolytic drug, which can competitively inhibit the binding of fibrin lysine and fibrinolytic enzyme, thereby inhibiting the cleavage of fibrin clots and producing hemostasis. It is mainly used clinically for various bleeding caused by hyperfibrinolysis. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analog, which can competitively bind plasminogen to lysine binding site on plasminogen and plasmin, thus competitively inhibit the degradation of fibrin, reduce fibrinolytic activity and play a role in promoting coagulation. Theoretically, the use of tranexamic acid can lead to insufficient fibrinolytic activity, which may increase the risk of postoperative thrombotic events. |
use | tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of lysine, which is an antifibrinolytic drug and has hemostatic properties. Tranexamic acid can be strongly adsorbed with the lysine binding site (LBS) of the fibrin affinity site on plasmin and plasminogen, which inhibits the binding of plasmin, plasminogen and fibrin, thereby strongly inhibiting Fibrinolysis caused by plasmin; in addition, in the presence of anti-plasmin such as macroglobulin in serum, the anti-fibrinolytic effect of tranexamic acid is more obvious. Its bioavailability is 34% and its half-life is 3.1h. Hemostatic drugs have significant effect on traumatic hemorrhage. Preoperative preventive medication can reduce surgical hemorrhage. |
hemostatic drugs | In 2012, the U.S. military confirmed that tranexamic acid (TXA) was given to the wounded with severe trauma requiring a large amount of blood transfusion. Compared with the wounded with blood transfusion alone, the survival rate is significantly improved. It is mainly used for surgical bleeding caused by hyperfibrinolysis and surgical bleeding in obstetrics and gynecology. Because it can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it is suitable for central nervous system hemorrhage. tranexamic acid tranexamic acid is a kind of synthetic drugs, which can inhibit fibrinolysis and thrombus degradation. Surgical trauma, etc. will cause the body's stress response, hyperfibrinolysis in the blood, tranexamic acid reversibly binds to the lysine site on the plasminogen in the blood, preventing the activation of protease and fibrinogen, Thereby finally inhibiting the degradation of fibrin |
procoagulant and hemostatic drugs | tranexamic acid is a derivative of aminomethylbenzoic acid. It is an anti-fibrinolytic hemostatic drug. The hemostatic mechanism is the same as aminocaproic acid and aminomethylbenzoic acid, but the effect is stronger, the strength is 7-10 times that of aminomethylbenzoic acid, and the toxicity is similar. The chemical structure of tranexamic acid is similar to that of lysine. It can competitively inhibit the adsorption of plasminogen on fibrin, prevent its activation, protect fibrin from being degraded and dissolved by plasmin, and finally achieve hemostasis effect. It is suitable for the treatment of various bleeding caused by acute or chronic, localized or systemic primary hyperfibrinolysis, such as obstetric bleeding, renal bleeding, prostatic hypertrophy bleeding, hemophilia, tuberculosis, gastric bleeding, liver, Bleeding after internal organs such as lung and spleen; it can also be used for abnormal bleeding during surgery. clinically, tranexamic acid has significant effects on insect bite, eczema dermatitis, simple purpura, chronic urticaria, artificial urticaria, toxic eruption and drug eruption, and has certain effects on erythroderma, scleroderma, SLE, erythema multiforme, herpes zoster and alopecia areata, as well as hereditary angioedema. The treatment of chloasma is generally effective for about 3 weeks, markedly effective for 5 weeks, and a course of treatment for 60 days. Oral administration of 0.25~0.5g each time, 3~4 times a day. A few patients may have side effects such as nausea, fatigue, itching, abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, and the symptoms disappear after drug withdrawal. |
adverse reactions and precautions | the adverse reactions of taking tranexamic acid are less than those of aminocaproic acid. Headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, chest tightness, drowsiness and other symptoms may occur, which can gradually disappear after stopping the drug. Occasionally, intracranial thrombosis and bleeding caused by drug overdose, and less commonly, menstrual discomfort (caused by blood coagulation during menstruation). Since this product can enter the cerebrospinal fluid, it may have central nervous system symptoms such as blurred vision, headache, dizziness, fatigue, etc. after injection, especially related to the injection speed, but it is rare. If this product must be used continuously for a long time, it should be monitored for ophthalmic examination (such as vision test, vision, visual field and fundus). For thrombogenic tendencies (such as acute myocardial infarction), it should be used with caution; renal insufficiency, postoperative hematuria should be used with caution; secondary hyperfibrinolytic state caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, before heparinization, Use this product with caution; if it is combined with other coagulation factors (such as factor IX), you should be alert to thrombosis. Tranexamic acid is contraindicated with thrombolytic agents such as penicillin or urokinase; oral contraceptives, estrogen or prothrombin complex concentrates are combined with this product to increase the risk of thrombosis. |
category | toxic substances |
toxicity classification | poisoning |
acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 3000 mg/kg; Subcutaneous-mouse LD50:5310 mg/kg |
flammability hazard characteristics | combustible; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide smoke |
storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |