75-21-8
Ethylene Oxide
CAS: 75-21-8
Molecular Formula: C2H4O
75-21-8 - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Ethylene Oxide |
| Synonyms | EO E.O. Oxane Ethox merpol oxirane oxyfume anproline anprolene amprolene Epoxyethane oxidoethane Ethene oxide Dihydrooxirene Ethylene Oxide oxacyclopropane 1,2-epoxyethane 1,2-Epoxy ethane dimethylene oxide etylenutlenek(polish) Alpha,beta-oxidoethane ETHYLENE OXIDE, CYLINDER WITH 27 L (NET ~20 KG) ETHYLENE OXIDE CYLINDER WITH 2 L (NET ~1 .5 KG) ETHYLENE OXIDE, PRESSURE TIN WITH 250 ML (NET ~225 G) |
| CAS | 75-21-8 |
| EINECS | 200-849-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H4O/c1-2-3-1/h1-2H2 |
| InChIKey | IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
75-21-8 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H4O |
| Molar Mass | 44.05 |
| Density | 0.882g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −111°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 10.7°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | <-17.7℃ |
| Vapor Presure | 1095 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Odor | Sweet odor detectable at 257 to 690 ppm |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1.8 mg/m3(1 ppm) (ACGIH),0.18 mg/m3(0.1 ppm), 5 ppm/10 min(NIOSH). |
| Merck | 3802 |
| BRN | 102378 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.3597(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | The trait is a colorless gas at room temperature and a colorless and easily flowing liquid at low temperature. There is ether odor, high concentration of irritating odor. melting point -112.65 ℃ boiling point 10.35 ℃ relative density 0.8711 refractive index 1.3597 flash point lower than -17.7 ℃ solubility in organic solvents. It can be mixed with water in any ratio. |
| Use | Used as organic chemical raw materials and solvents, mainly used in the production of ethylene glycol, ethanolamine and nonionic surfactants |
75-21-8 - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R46 - May cause heritable genetic damage R12 - Extremely Flammable R23 - Toxic by inhalation R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R20 - Harmful by inhalation R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R19 - May form explosive peroxides R6 - Explosive with or without contact with air |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 2037 2.3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | KX2450000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| HS Code | 29101000 |
| Hazard Class | 2.3 |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 72 mg/kgLC50 inhal (rat) 800 ppm (1600 mg/m3)PEL (OSHA) 1 ppm (2 mg/m3)TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 1 ppm (2 mg/m3) |
75-21-8 - Upstream Downstream Industry
75-21-8 - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
It is a colorless gas at room temperature and a colorless easily flowing liquid at low temperature. There is ether odor, high concentration of irritating odor. The relative density was 0.8711. Melting Point -112. 65 °c. Boiling point 10. 35 °c. Viscosity (O ℃)0. 31mPa.s. The flash point was below -17.7 °c. Ignition point: 429 ℃. The explosion limit in air is 3%~ 100%. Soluble in organic solvents, refractive index 1. 3597. It can be mixed with water in any ratio.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
75-21-8 - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- direct oxidation of ethylene ethylene and air or oxygen in the presence of silver catalyst, ethylene oxide gas generated by direct gas phase oxidation is absorbed with water in the absorption tower, and unreacted ethylene is recycled back to the reactor, the absorption liquid is desorbed and rectified to obtain the ethylene oxide product.
- chlorohydrin ethylene is acidified with hypochlorous acid to generate chloroethanol, and then saponified with calcium hydroxide to generate crude ethylene oxide, which is then fractionated to obtain a finished ethylene oxide product.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:15:24
75-21-8 - Use
Open Data Verified Data
One of the important organic synthetic raw materials, mainly used in the manufacture of ethylene glycol (polyester fiber raw materials), synthetic detergents, non-ionic surfactants, disinfectants, grain fumigant, antifreeze, emulsifiers and glycol products are also used in the production of plasticizers, lubricants, rubber and plastics. It can also be used as a fuel for jet propulsion such as rocket.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:15:25
75-21-8 - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- ethylene oxide forms formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and oxalic acid in vivo. On the central nervous system from the role of anesthesia, and stimulate the mucous membrane, poison cell protoplasm. Mice inhaled LC50 1.5rng/L, rats inhaled LC50 2.63 mg/L. Human inhalation of high concentrations of steam, that is, the symptoms of anesthesia, causing Nausea, Vomit. Immediately after poisoning should be evacuated from the scene, oxygen, artificial respiration and other rescue treatment. Skin pollution, with a large number of water or 3% boric acid solution to rinse for more than 15 minutes, warm and sent to the hospital for treatment.
- equipment should be sealed to prevent run, run, drop, and leak. Strengthen ventilation facilities. The operator should wear protective gear. In high concentration environment, activated carbon masks or compressed air or compressed anaerobic respiratory masks should be worn. A faucet and shower should be provided near the installation. The maximum allowable concentration in air is 0.OOlg/m3.
- This product is flammable, explosive and toxic. It is packed with special steel cylinder or pressure container, each steel cylinder is 300-350kg, and the pressure is 1.OMPa. Avoid high temperature and sun exposure and store at low temperature. Transport by car, should be carefully placed, no rolling. Hazardous materials shall be stored and transported according to regulations.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:15:26
75-21-8 - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 1 (Vol. Sup 7, 60, 97, 100F) 2012 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | ethylene oxide, also known as ethylene oxide, it is a colorless flammable gas at room temperature, and a colorless and easily flowing liquid at less than 10.7 ° C. It has the odor of ether, and its vapor is irritating to the eyes and nasal mucosa, and it is mixed with water, ethanol, alcohol, diethyl ether miscible with each other, the chemical nature is very active, and many compounds from the addition reaction with air to form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit of 3%-100% (volume). Ethylene oxide is a highly toxic substance, the air tolerance is 100PPM, inhalation of ethylene oxide can cause anesthesia poisoning. Ethylene oxide is a very important fine chemical raw materials, can be derived from ethylene glycol, non-ionic surfactants, ethanolamine, glycol ether and other fine chemical products, and then can extend the production of synthetic detergents, emulsifiers, antifreeze, plasticizer, lubricant, insecticide, fumigant and other 4000 or 5000 kinds of products, the application field is extremely wide. In the cosmetic industry, it can be used as a consistency regulator for the production of creams, toothpastes, shaving creams, etc. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as a base for ointments, lotions and suppositories. It can be used as a lubricant and dispersant in the rubber industry. In the chemical fiber industry, it can be used as a polymerizable monomer of dyeable polyester. In the use of military weapons, the main component of the BLU--82 giant bomb used by the United States during the Vietnam War is liquid ethylene oxide. The lethality of the BLU--82 Giant Bomb is quite large, which is equivalent to a small nuclear explosion. Ethylene oxide is a broad-spectrum, efficient gas disinfectant. Strong penetration of Disinfection items, can reach the deep part of the article, can kill a number of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterial propagules, spores, Virus and fungi. Gas and liquid have a strong role in killing microorganisms, the role of gas is strong, so the use of ethylene oxide gas alarm gas. It is widely used in medical Disinfection and industrial sterilization. Commonly used in food, textiles and other methods can not Disinfection of the heat unstable drugs and surgical equipment and other gas fumigation Disinfection, such as leather, cotton products, chemical fiber fabrics, precision instruments, biological products, paper, books, documents, certain medicines, rubber products, etc. |
| toxicity | ethylene oxide is a moderately toxic chemical that can be ingested via the respiratory tract, skin, inhibition of the central nervous system, can cause acute and chronic poisoning, early symptoms of Nausea, Vomit, numbness, abdominal pressure, urinary frequency, Vomit, nerve abnormalities and even death. The acute oral LD50 of rats is 330mg/kg, and its toxicity is much lower than that of phosphine, methyl bromide, chloropicrin and hydrocyanic acid. When 250mg/kg is contained in the air, there is no serious toxicity to people, 3G/L in which people breathe 30~60 minutes will be fatal, but it will not cause cumulative poisoning in the human body, and no sequelae; The maximum allowable safe concentration in the air is 50mg/L; the insecticidal effect of ethylene oxide is also lower than that of methyl bromide, but it has strong toxicity to insect eggs. |
| Use | used as organic chemical raw materials and solvents, mainly used in the production of ethylene glycol, ethanolamine and nonionic surfactant used in organic synthesis germicidal disinfectant; Grain fumigant. ethylene oxide has a bactericidal effect, no corrosion to metals, no residual odor, so the gas bactericide can be used as a material. Mixtures of ethylene oxide-carbon dioxide (90:10 ratio) or ethylene oxide-dichlorodifluoromethane are commonly used, mainly for Disinfection of hospitals and precision instruments. Ethylene oxide with fumigant commonly used in food, food preservation. For example, the storage of dried egg powder is often decomposed by the action of bacteria, with ethylene oxide fumigation treatment, can prevent deterioration, and the chemical composition of egg powder, including amino acids, etc. are not affected. Ethylene oxide is easy to react with acid, so it can be added to some substances as an antacid, so as to reduce the acidity of these substances or use it for a long time. For example, in the production of chlorinated butyl rubber, if ethylene oxide is added to a solution of an isobutylene and isoprene copolymer before chlorination, the finished product can be completely free from alkaline washing and water washing. Ethylene oxide self-decomposition can produce large energy, can be used as the power of the rocket and jet thruster, is generally used in the mixture of nitromethane and ethylene oxide (60:40-95:5). The combustion performance of this mixed fuel is good, The freezing point is low, the nature is relatively stable, not easy to detonate. In general, the consumption of ethylene oxide for the above-mentioned direct use of this lamp is very small, and ethylene oxide as an ethylene industrial derivative is second only to polyethylene and is the second most important product. Its importance is mainly based on the production of raw materials for the production of a series of LV. There are far more species of downstream products derived from ethylene oxide than from various ethylene derivatives. The toxicity of five oxygen ethane is ethylene glycol and 27 times, and the toxicity of ammonia is similar. In the body to form formaldehyde, ethylene glycol and oxalic acid, the central nervous system from the role of anesthesia, have a stimulating effect on the mucosa, the fine package of the original pulp toxic effect. ethylene oxide is an intermediate of the herbicide, and is an important chemical raw material, used in the manufacture of ethylene glycol, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, glycol ether, can also be used in the production of non-ionic surfactants. |
| production method | There are several preparation methods. (1) chlorohydrin method with ethylene as raw material, first by hypochlorous acid to obtain chloroethanol, and then with alkali cyclization. The specific process is: the ethylene and chlorine gas into the water to generate chloroethanol, the reaction is carried out in a corrosion-resistant reactor, chlorine, water and ethylene and flow into the reactor, the reaction is carried out at 20~50 ℃ and 0.2~0.3 MPa to produce an aqueous solution of 2-chloroethanol, the content of which is generally less than 6%~ 7%. The cyclization is then carried out by reacting a base (usually milk of lime) with chloroethanol. The reaction temperature is controlled at about 100 ° C., and the generated ethylene oxide leaves the reaction zone as soon as possible, flows out from the condensation port in the upper part of the reactor, and then the vapor-liquid separation is carried out to obtain the finished product by distillation. The method is not high purity of ethylene, easy to put into production, but need to consume a lot of chlorine and lime milk, equipment corrosion is serious, causing environmental pollution and other problems, its development is limited by certain, in the past, most of our country used this method to produce ethylene oxide. (2) the oxidation method is prepared by direct oxidation of ethylene with air or oxygen in the gas phase at 200~300 ℃ and 1~3 MPa pressure by silver catalyst. Oxidation Catalysts generally contain 10% to 30% silver, and effective promoters are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as iron, calcium, etc.). The commonly used carrier is α-alumina or silicon carbide. After the reaction, an oxidizing gas is generated, which is absorbed by water in an absorption tower. The unreacted ethylene is recycled back to the reactor, and the absorption liquid is desorbed and distilled to obtain a product. At present, the oxygen method is commonly used, usually with more than 95% of the oxygen as the oxidant, the method does not require a large amount of chlorine and lime milk, no corrosion problems, low cost, high product purity, abroad has been widely used in recent years, China's new production of ethylene oxide plant is also using oxidation. In 1859, French chemical Wurtz first discovered that 2-chloroethanol reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce ethylene oxide. This method has been developed into an early method for industrial production of chlorohydrin, which has been adopted by various countries, and has been the only method of industrial production for a period of time. In 1983, the United Carbide Company (UCC) in the United States, the use of ethylene and air direct oxidation of ethylene oxide production method (namely oxidation method), the first plant put into operation. After continuing to improve, the French naphtha Chemical Company (Naphtachimie) until 1953 built the second set of oxidation process in the world. Since then, the traditional chlorine alcohol method has been gradually replaced by the oxidation method. 1958, Shell, USA (Shell) in turn, the reaction of ethylene with oxygen instead of air directly produces ethylene oxide. By 1975, the production of ethylene oxide in the United States was all by direct oxidation. The world's ethylene oxide production to the United States Shell oxygen method, the United States scientific design company (SD) of the oxygen-air method, the United States UCC air-oxygen method three main technologies. 1. The chlorohydrin method is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce ethylene and chlorine into water to produce 2-chloroethanol. The second step is the reaction of a base (usually milk of lime) with 2-chloroethanol to produce ethylene oxide. 2 oxidation method can be divided into two kinds of air method and oxygen method. The former uses air as the oxidant and the latter uses oxygen at a concentration greater than 95% by volume as the oxidant. In addition, oxygen-enriched air is also useful as an oxidant. The industrial production process of oxidation method is divided into three parts: Reaction, ethylene oxide recovery and ethylene oxide refining. It is a direct gas-phase reaction of ethylene and air or oxygen catalyzed by Silver. From ethylene and hypochlorous acid to generate chloroethanol, Ca(OH)2 Saponification, fractionation. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50: 800 PPM/ 4 hours; Oral-rat LD50: 72 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 18 mg/6 h moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | open flame mixed with air, thermal explosion |
| flammability hazard characteristics | open flame, combustible under heat; Combustion-induced smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; And oxygen, separate storage of |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide, foam |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 2 mg/m3; Tel 5 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 429°C |
| DOT Classification | 2.3, Hazard Zone D (Gas poisonous by inhalation) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 800 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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