IPA
Isopropanol
CAS: 67-63-0
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
IPA - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Isopropanol |
| Synonyms | IPA 2-Propanol Isopropanol propan-1-ol Isopropylalcohol 2-PROPANOL (IPA) Isopropyl Alcohol iso propyl alcohol isopropanol anhydrous Propan-2-ol-SPECIFIED isopropanol molecular biology 2-PROPANOL ULTRA RESI-ANALYZED |
| CAS | 67-63-0 |
| EINECS | 200-661-7 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3 |
IPA - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H8O |
| Molar Mass | 60.1 |
| Density | 0.785g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -89.5 °C |
| Boling Point | 82°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 53°F |
| JECFA Number | 277 |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| Solubility | water: soluble (completely) |
| Vapor Presure | 33 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.1 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Low Melting Solid |
| Specific Gravity | approximate 0.785(20/20℃)(Ph.Eur.) |
| Color | colorless |
| Odor | Like ethyl alcohol; sharp, somewhat unpleasant; characteristic mild alcoholic; nonresidual. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 980 mg/m3 (400 ppm); STEL 1225 mg/m3 (500 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 12,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01'] |
| Merck | 14,5208 |
| BRN | 635639 |
| pKa | 17.1(at 25℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Explosive Limit | 2-13.4%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.377(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: colorless transparent flammable liquid with ethanol-like odor. melting point -88.5 ℃ boiling point 82.45 ℃ freezing point -89.5 ℃ relative density 0.7855 refractive index 1.3772 solubility in water, ethanol, ether and chloroform were miscible. |
| Use | Mainly used in pharmaceutical, also used as solvent, extractant, antifreeze |
IPA - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R36 - Irritating to the eyes R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R10 - Flammable R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1219 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | NT8050000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2905 12 00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 5.8 g/kg (Smyth, Carpenter) |
IPA - Upstream Downstream Industry
IPA - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent liquid. Slightly ethanol odor. It is miscible with water, ethanol, ether and chloroform. Its vapor and air to form an explosive mixture, fire, high heat caused by combustion explosion. A strong reaction with an oxidizing agent can occur. In case of high fever, the internal pressure of the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
IPA - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
A raw material gas containing 50% or more of propylene is subjected to an absorption reaction at 50 ° C. And a low pressure with 75 to 6 to 85% of concentrated sulfuric acid to form isopropyl bisulfate. The isopropyl bisulfate is then hydrolyzed to isopropanol. The crude distillation is concentrated to 95% by distillation column, then extracted with benzene, separated water and then distilled, and the finished product containing more than 99% isopropanol can be obtained. Alternatively, propylene and water were pressurized to 1. 96MPA and preheated to 200 ° C., mixed, and then added to the reactor for hydration. The reaction gas is sent to the high-pressure cooler and high-pressure separator after neutralization and heat exchange, and the isopropyl alcohol in the gas phase is recovered in the recovery Tower by spraying with detached water, and distilled by the crude distillation tower to obtain 85% ~ 87% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, it is then evaporated to 95% in a distillation column and then extracted with benzene to give more than 99% of isopropanol.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:37
IPA - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 2-propanol.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
IPA - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is a colorless clear liquid.
- This product is miscible with water, methanol, ethanol or ether.
relative density
The relative density of this product (General 0601 Wechsler specific gravity scale method) is 0. 785~0.788.
refractive index
The refractive index of this product (General 0622) is 1. 376~379.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:18
IPA - Use
Open Data Verified Data
A reagent for measuring barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium, strontium, nitrous acid, cobalt, and the like. Chromatographic analysis of standards. As chemical raw materials, can produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropyl amine, isopropyl ether, isopropyl alcohol ether, isopropyl chloride, and fatty acid isopropyl Ester and chlorinated fatty acid isopropyl ester. In the fine chemical industry, it can be used for the production of isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, aluminum triisopropoxide, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. As the solvent, it can be used for producing coatings, inks, extractants, aerosols, and the like. It can also be used as antifreeze, detergent, additive for blending gasoline, dispersant for pigment production, fixing agent for printing and dyeing industry, antifogging agent for glass and transparent plastic, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:37
IPA - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take lm l of this product, add 2M l of Iodine test solution and 2ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, and shake to produce yellow precipitate, and produce special odor of iodoform.
- take 5ml of this product, add 20ml of potassium dichromate test solution, then carefully add 5ml of sulfuric acid, and slowly heat it in a water bath. The gas generated can be soaked in salicylaldehyde-ethanol solution (1: 10). The filter paper with 30% sodium hydroxide solution turned red-brown.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference product (General rule 0402).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:19
IPA - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LD50:5.8g/kg. Exposure to high concentrations of vapor appeared Head Pain, drowsiness and eye, nose, throat irritation symptoms. Staff should be protected and good ventilation conditions should be applied in the workplace. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from the oxidant.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:26:38
IPA - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
acidity
take 50.0ml of this product, add 100ml of water, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use sodium hydroxide titration solution (O .lm o l/L) drops to pink 30 seconds does not fade, consumption of sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. lm o l/L) 1. 4ml.
clarity and color of solution
take 1.0 of this product, add water 20ml, mix well, stand for 5 minutes, check according to law (General rule 0901 and general rule 0902), the solution should be clear and colorless.
absorbance
take this product, according to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General 0401), at 230nm, 250nm, 270nm, 290nm and 3l0nm wavelength absorbance respectively shall not be greater than 0.30, 0.10, 0.03, 0.0 2 and 0.01.
insoluble in water
Take 2 .0 m l of this product, add water 8 m l, shake, place for 5 minutes, the solution should be clear.
Non-volatile
take 50.0 of this product, put it in an evaporation dish with constant weight at 105°C, evaporate it on a water bath, and then dry it at 105°C for 1 hour. 0mg[0. 002% (g /m l) ].
easy oxide
take 10.0 of this product, place it in a colorimetric tube, adjust the temperature to 15°C, add 0.02 potassium permanganate titration solution (0.50 mQl/L), Pack, shake, after standing at 156C for 15 minutes, the pink color of the solution should not completely disappear.
easily carbonized
take 5ml sulfuric acid, put it in a dry colorimetric bath, cool it to 10V, shake it and add it dropwise. 5. 0ML (keep the solution temperature not higher than 20°C), the color of the solution compared with the yellow No. 1 Standard Colorimetric solution (General 0901), not deeper.
carbonyl compounds
take 0.50ml of this product, place it in a cuvette, add 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution (take 2,'dinitrophenylhydrazine 50mg, add 2ml hydrochloric acid, dilute to 50ml with carbonyl-free methanol *, shake well) lm l, plug, shake well, stand for 30 minutes, add 8ml pyridine, 2M l of water and potassium hydroxide-methanol solution (take 33% potassium hydroxide solution 15ml, add carbonyl-free methanol 50ml)2ml, shake, stand for 30 minutes, dilute with carbonyl-free methanol to 25ml, shake, the dark red and carbonyl compound (CO) impurity standard solution® 0. 50ml according to the same method after treatment comparison, not deeper.
moisture
take this product, according to the moisture determination method (General rule 0832 first method 1) determination, containing water not more than 0 .2%.
benzene and related substances
measured by gas chromatography (General 0521).
- chromatographic conditions and system applicability test using 6% cyanopropyl phenyl-94% dimethylsiloxane as stationary liquid (or polar similar) capillary column, programmed temperature, the initial temperature of 4 0 1, the temperature was maintained for 10 minutes, and the temperature was raised to 240°C at a rate of 10°C per minute for 10 minutes; The inlet temperature was 280°C, and the detector temperature was 28CTC. The resolution of the N-propanol peak and the 2-butanol peak in the control solution (a) should be not less than 10.
- determination method take this product as the test solution U ) ; Take 2-butanol lm l for precision measurement, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, dilute it to the scale, shake it well, take 5ml accurately, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with this product, shake it well, and use it as the test solution (B); Take 0.5ml each of 2-butanol and N-propanol accurately, in a 50ml measuring flask, dilute to the scale with this product, shake well, take 5ml precisely, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, dilute to the scale with this product, shake well, and use as a control solution U ) ; take 100 ^ 1 of benzene with precision, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to scale with this product, shake it well, take 0.2 with precision, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to scale with this product, shake well as a control solution (B). Accurately take the control solution (a), (B) and the test solution (a), (B) each lju l, respectively injection human gas chromatograph, record chromatogram. If the sample solution (a) contains benzene, the peak area should not be greater than 0 .5 times (0 .0 0 2); The sum of the peak areas of other impurities in the Test Solution (B) shall not be greater than 3 times of the peak area of 2-butanol in the control solution (a) (0 .3%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:20
IPA - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, solvents.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:20
IPA - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light shielding, closed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:21
IPA - Introduction
Open Data Unverified Data
also known as 2-propanol, commonly known as fire wine, is a colorless flammable liquid with a strong odor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the molecular formula is C3H8O. Isopropanol is the simplest secondary alcohol and is one of the isomers of propanol.
A colorless transparent liquid with an odor similar to that of a mixture of ethanol and acetone. Soluble in water, but also soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Isopropanol is an important chemical product and raw material. Mainly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, plastics, spices, coatings, etc.
is a medium explosive hazardous substance. It is a flammable and low toxic substance. The toxicity of the vapor is twice that of ethanol, and the toxicity of the oral administration is opposite.
isopropyl alcohol in many cases can replace ethanol as a solvent, is a good solvent and chemical raw materials, used in coatings, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cosmetics and other industries, also used in the production of acetone, isopropyl Ester, isopropylamine (atrazine raw material), diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate and thymol, etc. It is the first chemical product produced from petroleum raw materials in the history of petrochemical industry.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
IPA - Chemical properties
Open Data Unverified Data
colorless transparent liquid, similar to ethanol and acetone mixed
The smell of the substance, can be miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform and water, can dissolve alkaloids, rubber, shellac, rosin, synthetic resin and other organic matter and some inorganic matter, forms an azeotrope with water, insoluble in salt solution. At room temperature, the combustion can be initiated, and the mixture of steam and air is easy to form an explosive mixture.
Isopropyl alcohol is easy to generate peroxide, and sometimes needs to be identified before use. The method is: take 10% of isopropyl alcohol, add 1ml of 0.5 potassium iodide solution and ML of 1:5 dilute hydrochloric acid and several drops of starch solution, shake for 1 minutes, if the blue or blue black is to prove over oxide. It is similar to ethanol and propanol, but has the characteristics of secondary alcohol.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
IPA - Preparation Method
Open Data Unverified Data
Indirect Water Law
The reaction of propylene with sulfuric acid first gives isopropyl hydrogen sulfate, which is hydrolyzed to form isopropanol.
Process Flow: A feed gas containing 50% or more of propylene is introduced into an absorption column, and an absorption reaction is carried out at 50 ° C. Under low pressure with 75% to 85% of concentrated sulfuric acid to form isopropyl hydrogen sulfate. After the absorbent solution was diluted with water to a sulfuric acid content of 35%, isopropyl hydrogen sulfate was hydrolyzed to isopropyl alcohol in a desorption column with low-pressure steam. Distillation through a crude distillation column to the azeotropic composition of isopropanol and water, containing isopropanol about 87%. Then continue to use the distillation column to concentrate to 95%, with benzene extraction, separation of water and then distillation, can be more than 99% of isopropanol in the product.
The characteristic of this method is that the purity of propylene is not high, and the conversion rate of propylene can reach 50%-60%, which can reduce the cost of refining. However, the consumption of sulfuric acid is large, and there are problems of equipment corrosion and concentration of 40% of waste sulfuric acid.
direct water law
The hydration reaction of propylene and water is carried out under heating and pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
propylene and water were pressurized to 1.96MPa and preheated to 200 ° C., mixed, and then added to the reactor for hydration. The reactor is equipped with phosphoric acid diatomite catalyst or tungsten catalyst, the reaction temperature is 95 ℃, the pressure is 0.96MPa, the molar ratio of water to propylene is 0.7:1, and the single pass conversion rate of propylene is 5.2%, the selectivity was 99%. The reaction gas is sent to the high-pressure cooler and high-pressure separator after neutralization and heat exchange, and the isopropyl alcohol in the gas phase is recovered in the recovery Tower by spraying the separated water, the unreacted gas was pressurized by the recycle compressor and then recycled (propylene content in the recycle system was maintained at 85%). The liquid phase is low concentration isopropyl alcohol (15%-17%), and the 85%-87% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution is distilled by the crude distillation column, and then concentrated to 95% by the distillation column, it was then concentrated to more than 99% by extraction with benzene.
compared with the propylene sulfuric acid water method, this method does not use sulfuric acid, there is no corrosion equipment problem, the process flow is simple; However, the single-pass conversion rate of propylene is low, and the amount of propylene circulation is too large, furthermore, the purity of propylene as a raw material is required to be 99.5%. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the direct hydration of propylene, 95% propylene is used as the raw material, the reaction temperature is 240-270 ° C., the reaction pressure is 14.7-19.6MPa, and the molar amount of water and propylene is the water excess. The conversion of propylene is 60%-70%, the selectivity of isopropanol is 99%, the purity of isopropene after rectification is more than 99.9%, and the by-product is diisopropyl ether. In addition, the catalytic hydration of propylene to isopropanol by molecular sieve is also a promising improved process.
with industrial isopropyl alcohol as raw material, the pure product can be obtained by adsorption and water removal and secondary distillation.
acetone hydrogenation method
This method was developed after 2005, mainly from the excess of acetone, acetone and isopropyl alcohol price inversion (one of the traditional consumption of isopropyl alcohol is the dehydrogenation of acetone).
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
IPA - Basic data
Open Data Unverified Data
Molecular Structure Data
- molar refractive index: 17.44
- molar volume (m3/mol):75.9
- isotonic capacity (90.2K):165.6
- surface tension (dyne/cm):22.6
- polarizability (10-24cm3):6.91
calculated chemical data
- hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP):0.3
- Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1
- Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 1
- Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0
- topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA):20.2
- Number of heavy atoms: 4
- surface charge: 0
- complexity: 10.8
- isotope atom Number: 0
- determine the number of atom stereogenic centers: 0
- indeterminate number of atom stereogenic centers: 0
- determine the number of chemical bond stereogenic centers: 0
- Number of uncertain chemical bond stereogenic centers: 0
- Number of covalent bond units: 1
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
IPA - Hazards and protection
Open Data Unverified Data
hazard
- toxicity classification micro-toxic class
- Acute toxicity oral-rat LD50: 5840 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LC50: 3600 mg/kg, rabbit percutaneous LD50 16.4/kg
- irritation data eyes-rabbit 100 mg/kg.
- high concentration vapor has obvious anesthetic effect, has a stimulating effect on the mucosa of the eye and respiratory tract, and can damage the retina and optic nerve.
- physiological effect is similar to ethanol, almost no accumulation in the body, toxicity, anesthesia and stimulation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa than ethanol strong, but less than propanol.
- exposure to high-concentration vapor showed symptoms of Head Pain, drowsiness and eye, nose and throat irritation. Ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of steam can cause flushing, headache, depression, Nausea, Coma, etc.
Protection Measure
The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 980mg/m3, the maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 1020mg/m3, the olfactory threshold concentration is 1.1mg/m3. operators should wear gas masks, when the concentration is high, you should wear air-tight protective glasses.
Overview of risk
People who are often exposed to isopropyl alcohol have a certain risk of poisoning. Test analysts, typists, artists, woodworking and housekeeping, and workers in different industries who use isopropyl alcohol belong to Occupational Exposure of the population.
Oral, inhalation, skin and eyes are the four most basic pathways affected. Accidental ingestion of more than 20 ml of isopropyl alcohol may cause toxic episodes. If the ambient environment exceeds the 500ppm concentration level, a self-contained respirator should be used. When the concentration reaches 12000, it will be dangerous, even endanger health and life. Although it is rarely absorbed through the skin, long-term exposure can also cause adverse reactions, and excessive exposure can cause eye, nose, and throat discomfort. It may also cause central nervous system weakness. In severe cases, it can cause confusion, mental coordination, circulatory and respiratory problems.
Therefore, in the use of isopropyl alcohol, to properly handle, and do a good job of protective measures to ensure that will not bring harm to health
health hazards: exposure to high concentrations of vapors Head Pain, drowsiness, ataxia, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. Oral administration can cause Nausea, Vomit, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, drowsiness, Coma and even death. Long-term skin contact can cause dry skin, chapped.
Environmental hazard: explosion hazard: This product is flammable and irritating.
Personal Protection
engineering control: the production process is closed and fully ventilated. Safe shower and eye wash available.
Respiratory system protection: no special protection is generally required, and filter-type gas masks (half-mask) can be worn when exposed to high concentrations.
eye protection: in general, no special protection is required, and wear safety full protection glasses when exposed to high concentrations.
body protection: wear anti-static work clothes.
hand protection: wear latex gloves.
other protection: no smoking at work site. Maintain good hygiene practices.
first aid measures
Skin Contact: remove contaminated clothing and rinse the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
eye contact: lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or saline. The patient visited hospital.
inhalation: rapid departure from the site to a place with fresh air. Keep airway unobstructed. Such as Dyspnea, to the delivery of oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. The patient visited hospital.
ingestion: drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. Gastric lavage was performed. The patient visited hospital.
fire fighting measures
hazard characteristics: flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, fire, high heat caused by combustion explosion. The reaction was intense in contact with an oxidizing agent. In a fire scene, a heated container is at risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air, and it can diffuse to a relatively far place at a lower place, and it will fire and burn back in case of a fire source.
harmful combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
fire extinguishing method: move the container from the fire field to the open space as far as possible. Spray water to keep the fire site container cool until the end of the fire. If the container in the fire scene has changed color or generated sound from the safety pressure relief device, it must be immediately removed. Fire extinguishing agent: Anti-soluble foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.
emergency treatment of leakage
Emergency response: prompt evacuation of personnel from the leak-contaminated area to the safety zone, Isolation, with strict restrictions on access. Cut off the fire source. Emergency personnel are advised to wear self-contained positive pressure respirator and anti-static work clothes. Cut off the source of leakage as far as possible. To prevent the flow of sewage, flood drains and other restrictive space. Small leakage: adsorption or absorption by sand or other incombustible materials. Can also be washed with a large amount of water, washing water diluted into the wastewater system.
large leakage: Construction of embankment or excavation for containment. Cover with foam to reduce vapor hazards. The explosion-proof pump is transferred to the tank car or a special collector for recycling or transportation to the waste treatment site for disposal.
handling and storage
precautions for operation: closed operation, full ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. It is recommended that the operator wear a filter-type gas mask (half-mask), safe and fully protected glasses, anti-static work clothes and latex gloves. Stay away from fire and heat source. No smoking is allowed in the workplace. The use of explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent vapor leakage into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants, acids, halogens. Filling should control the flow rate, and there is a grounding device to prevent electrostatic accumulation. Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage. Fire fighting equipment and emergency treatment equipment for leakage shall be provided with corresponding varieties and quantities. Harmful substances may remain in the empty container.
precautions for storage: store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, halogens, etc., and mixed storage should not be avoided. Explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities shall be adopted. The use of spark-prone mechanical equipment and tools is prohibited. The storage area shall be equipped with emergency treatment equipment for leakage and appropriate containment materials.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
IPA - Supply and Demand
Open Data Unverified Data
In the past two years, the supply capacity of the Asia-Pacific isopropyl alcohol, which was originally in short supply, has increased more than the expected demand growth, and the market competition is likely to further intensify. According to preliminary statistics, the fourth quarter of 2012 to the end of 2013, the Asian region will have a total of 340,000 tons/year of isopropyl alcohol production capacity has been put into operation. In, the total production capacity of isopropyl alcohol in Asia is only about 800,000 tons, and the capacity will increase by more than 40%.
China is the largest importing country of isopropyl alcohol in Asia. However, due to the increase of domestic supply capacity and low downstream demand, the import volume is decreasing year by year. According to the statistics of China Customs, the import of isopropyl alcohol in China was 100,000 tons, a decrease of 15.25% over the previous year; The import of isopropyl alcohol in the first 9 months of 61,000 was about 10.23% tons, a decrease.
from the public projects, in the fourth quarter of 2012 to the end of 2013, more than 65% of the new production capacity of isopropyl alcohol in Asia will come from China. For example, in October of 2013, Dezhou Detian Chemical Co., Ltd. put into operation a set of 50,000 tons/year acetone isopropanol unit, and sealed up the old unit with a capacity of 10,000 tons/year. In 2013, Yancheng supuer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. added 100,000 tons/year of isopropyl alcohol production capacity in Weifang, Shandong province, and Taiwan Changchun plastics company will add 80,000 tons/year of isopropyl alcohol production capacity in Panjin, Liaoning province.
China's isopropyl alcohol production capacity is estimated to be 340,000 tonnes/year as of. If these new capacities are released on schedule, China, Asia's largest buyer of isopropyl alcohol, may become self-sufficient in 2013, an inflection point will occur in its isopropyl alcohol supply. Market participants predict that in 2014 and 2015, China's demand for isopropanol growth in 2% ~ 3%. It is estimated that China's imports will be further reduced and exports will be expanded. As a result, some sellers have set out to look for long-term customers in the Southeast Asian region and are expected to experience intense competition for products exported from China.
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:40:26
IPA - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2929 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL |
| relative polarity | 0.546 |
| olfactory Threshold | 26ppm |
| freezing point | -89.5 ℃ |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 15, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | isopropyl alcohol also known as wine, dimethyl methanol, 2-propanol, English: isopropyl alcohol, the simplest secondary alcohol, and is one of the isomers of N-propanol. A colorless flammable liquid with a strong odor, having an odor similar to that of a mixture of ethanol and acetone. Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and other most organic solvents, can be miscible with water, alcohol, ether phase, and water can form azeotrope. Density (specific gravity):0.7863g/cm3, Melting Point:-88.5 ℃, Boiling Point: 82.5 ℃, Flash point: 11.7 ℃, spontaneous ignition point: 460 ℃, refractive index: 1.3772. Its vapor can cause slight irritation to the eyes, nose and throat; It can be absorbed by the body through the skin. Its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. The explosion limit is 2.0% ~ 12% (volume). Belonging to a medium explosive dangerous goods. It is a flammable and low toxic substance. The toxicity of the vapor is twice that of ethanol, and the toxicity of the oral administration is opposite. FIG. 1 shows the molecular structure of isopropanol. |
| uses | Isopropyl alcohol is an important chemical products and raw materials, mainly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plastics, spices, coating and electronic industry used as dehydrating agent and cleaning agent. Reagents for the determination of barium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium and strontium. Chromatographic analysis of reference substances. in the circuit board manufacturing industry, it is used as a cleaning agent, as well as making PCB hole conductive. In addition, it is also used for other electronic devices, including cleaning of optical disk boxes, floppy disk drives, magnetic tapes, and laser heads for CD or DVD player optical disk drives, etc. Isopropyl alcohol may also be used as a solvent for flexographic printing, lithographic printing, gravure printing, and as a device cleaner. This component is also often included in the ink. It is also an important solvent for laboratory dilution and extraction. In addition, isopropyl alcohol is also used as a gasoline additive and de-icing agent for fuel pipelines. In the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, isopropyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of scrub lotions, hand and body lotions, preservatives, and pharmaceutical redness agents. It is also used for paints, thinners, coatings, cleaners and polishing, as well as for surface sterilization, hospital Disinfection, food processing plants, etc. In many industrial and consumer products, isopropanol is used as a low-cost solvent and also as an extractant, in many cases in place of ethanol. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as a solvent for oils and colloids, And for use in the manufacture of fish meal feed concentrates. Low-quality isopropanol is used in automotive fuels. The amount of isopropanol used as a raw material for acetone production is decreasing. Several compounds are synthesized from isopropyl alcohol, such as isopropyl Ester, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl amine, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate, thymol and many esters. Different qualities of isopropanol can be supplied depending on the end use. The normal mass of anhydrous Isopropyl alcohol is more than 99%, while the special grade isopropyl alcohol content is more than 99.8% (for Essence and medicine). used as experimental chemical reagent and chromatographic analysis reagent extraction solvent, carrier solvent. GB 2760-1996: temporarily allowed use of food spices. For beet sugar, candy, nutrition supplement tablets, hops extract, lemon oil, spices oleoresin, yeast and other processing. It has a wide range of applications as organic raw materials and solvents. As chemical raw materials, can produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropyl amine, isopropyl ether, isopropyl alcohol ether, isopropyl chloride, and fatty acid isopropyl Ester and chlorinated fatty acid isopropyl ester. In the fine chemical industry, it can be used for the production of isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, aluminum triisopropoxide, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. As the solvent, it can be used for producing coatings, inks, extractants, aerosols, and the like. It can also be used as antifreeze, detergent, additive for blending gasoline, dispersant for pigment production, fixing agent for printing and dyeing industry, antifogging agent for glass and transparent plastic, etc. Isopropyl alcohol is an important intermediate in the production of pesticides, which can produce bactericides such as rice blast, rice blast, and so on, insecticide and acaricide such as amifodia, isocarbophos, methyl isosuanophos, propoxur, fenvalerate, etc., and herbicide isopropachlor, and can be prepared by bromine and chlorine isopropane, is an important intermediate of pesticide. mainly used in pharmacy, also used as solvent, extractant, antifreeze, etc. uses: Used in pharmacy, cosmetics, plastics, spices, coatings, etc. Crestor, shellac, resin, solvents for gums, nitrocellulose. The solvent of the vegetable oil was determined by esterification analysis. Barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium and strontium were determined. Extraction and separation of rare earth metals. Extraction of alkaloids. Pesticide Analysis. Organic Synthesis. Antifreeze components. solvent of Crestor, shellac, resin, gum, nitrocellulose. Esterification analysis of vegetable oil solvent, determination of barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium and strontium. Determination of potassium content in soil and plant by sodium cobalt nitrite-isopropanol method, extraction of alkaloids, pesticide analysis, etc. Organic Synthesis. Antifreeze solution combination. For DNA precipitation. |
| Application | isopropyl alcohol can replace ethanol as a solvent in many cases, is a good solvent and chemical raw materials, used in coatings, pharmaceutical, pesticide, cosmetics and other industries, also used in the production of acetone, isopropyl Ester, isopropylamine (atrazine raw materials), diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate and thymol. It is the first chemical product from petroleum raw materials in the history of the development of petrochemical industry. |
| production process | 1855, French M. Berthelot first reported that isopropanol was prepared by hydration of propylene and sulfuric acid, called Indirect hydration. In 1919, the American C. Ellis carried out industrial development. At the end of 1920, the New Jersey Standard Oil Company adopted the Ellis method to establish a production unit, which was officially put into production. The direct hydration of propylene to isopropanol was carried out by the buneimen Chemical Industry Company in the United Kingdom in 1951. Since then, countries have adopted this method and made improvements. Indirect hydration method: Propylene reacts with sulfuric acid to form isopropyl bisulfate, which is hydrolyzed to isopropyl alcohol, the reaction formula is: CH3CH = CH2 H2SO4-→(CH3)2CHOSO3H;(CH3)2CHOSO3H H2O →(CH3)2CHOH H2SO4, the concentration of sulfuric acid used is generally more than 60% (mass), and the reaction is carried out at 2-2.8MPa and 60-65°C; the hydrolysis was performed under slight pressure and below 30°C. Direct hydration method: Propylene and water in the presence of catalyst heated, Pressurized hydration reaction, isopropanol, selectivity of 96%. The reaction formula is: CH3CH = CH2 H2O →(CH3)2CHOH the catalyst used is tungsten compound, phosphoric acid and ion exchange resin, etc, the phosphoric acid catalyst with a carrier (see solid acid catalyst) is more widely used, and the process conditions are 2 ~ 6MPa and 240~260°C. Compared with the indirect method, this method does not have the problems of sulfuric acid corrosion and dilute acid concentration, and therefore plays a major role in industrial production. |
| market demand analysis of different applications | According to European Solvent Industry Group (ESIG), in, the European intermediate demand accounted for 32% of the consumption of isopropyl alcohol, 14% of isopropyl alcohol used as anti-icing agent, 13% for paints and resins, 9% for drugs, 4% for food and 3% for Inks and Adhesives. At present, isopropyl alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in the ink and pharmaceutical industry in China, and its demand accounts for about 50% of the total demand. However, due to the competition of ethanol, it is predicted that the growth rate of this field will slow down in the future; in the field of organic intermediates, isopropanol accounts for about 25% of the total demand; Other various additives and isopropanol esters account for about 25% of the demand. The application of isopropyl alcohol in electronic industry cleaning agent has become one of the fastest growing areas of global demand for isopropyl alcohol, the application in this field in China has just started, and the development potential is huge and the market prospect is broad. |
| harm of isopropyl alcohol to human body | people who are often exposed to isopropyl alcohol have a certain risk of poisoning, test analyst, typist, artist, there are Occupational Exposure members of the population, including the role of the woodworking and housekeeping, as well as workers in different industries who use isopropyl alcohol. oral, inhalation, skin and eyes are the four most basic pathways affected. Accidental ingestion of more than 20 ml of isopropyl alcohol may cause toxic episodes. If the ambient environment exceeds the 500ppm concentration level, a self-contained respirator should be used. When the concentration reaches 12000, it will be dangerous, even endanger health and life. Although it is rarely absorbed through the skin, long-term exposure can also cause adverse reactions, and excessive exposure can cause eye, nose, and throat discomfort. It may also cause central nervous system weakness. In severe cases, it can cause confusion, mental coordination, circulatory and respiratory problems. If a patient is found to have inhaled isopropyl alcohol, the source of contamination should be removed or the patient moved to fresh air. If the patient stops breathing, artificial respiration should be given immediately before seeking medical advice. If found to eat isopropyl alcohol, should be given to the disease with a large amount of water after medical treatment. Isopropyl alcohol emissions can also pollute the environment. Isopropyl alcohol is a photochemical oxidant, which, like other trace gases near the ground, forms ozone when exposed to sunlight, this leads to the so-called "summer smog" phenomenon, photochemical smog can stimulate people's eyes and respiratory system, harm people's health and plant growth, Therefore, isopropyl alcohol is a chemical that is harmful to the environment and the human body. It is an inevitable trend to reduce the amount of isopropyl alcohol in printing. |
| content analysis | According to the relative density method, d2525 should not be more than 0.7840 (equivalent to d2020 is 0.7870). The content of isopropanol and volatile impurities was determined by general gas chromatography (GT-10) under the same conditions as that of n-butanol (03445). |
| toxicity | ADI value was not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). LD505045rag/kg (rat, oral). |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): Soft drink 25, Candy 10~75, baking food 75. |
| production method | the preparation method is based on propylene as raw material, phosphoric acid diatomite as catalyst, synthesis of isopropanol by direct water under pressure. The process is to pressurize propylene and water to 2.03 MPa respectively, and preheat to 200 ℃, mix and enter the reactor for hydration reaction. The reactor is equipped with phosphoric acid diatomite catalyst, and the reaction temperature is 95 ℃, the pressure is 2.03 MPa, the molar ratio of water to propylene is 0.7: 1, the conversion rate of propylene is 5.2%, the selectivity is 99%, and the reaction gas is sent to the high pressure cooler and high pressure separator after neutralization and heat exchange, the Isopropyl alcohol in the gas phase is recovered in the recovery tower with no salt water spray, the unreacted gas is recycled by the circulating compressor, and the liquid phase is low concentration isopropyl alcohol (15% ~ 17%), the 85% ~ 87% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution is obtained through the crude distillation column, and then the rectification column is distilled to 95%, and then the benzene is extracted to more than 99%. This method is the main method for the production of isopropanol at home and abroad. This method does not use sulfuric acid, there is no corrosion problem, the process is relatively simple. There is also a sulfuric acid water method, that is, with more than 50% of the propylene as raw material, at 50 Deg C and low pressure in the absorption tower with 75% ~ 85% of concentrated sulfuric acid absorption, the absorbent solution was diluted to a sulfuric acid content of 35% and hydrolyzed to isopropanol in a desorption column using low pressure steam. The conversion of propylene can reach more than 90%, and the isopropanol contained in the crude isopropanol can reach as high as 50% ~ 60%. In this method, sulfuric acid is used, which is corrosive to equipment. In addition, dilute sulfuric acid should be concentrated and applied. CH3CH = CH2 + H2SO4 →(CH3)2CHOSO3H [H2O]→(CH3)2CHOH + H2SO4 2-propanol can be produced by fermentation, and 16t of grain is needed to produce 1 t2-propanol. The propylene water method is used in the industry, and the sulfuric acid water method (also known as the indirect water method) is used earlier. In 1951, the British buneimen Chemical Industry Company began to produce 2-propanol with propylene direct water method. 1. Indirect hydration propylene and sulfuric acid reaction first to obtain hydrogen sulfate isopropyl Ester, the latter by hydrolysis of isopropanol. 2. Direct hydration of propylene and water in the presence of a catalyst heated, Pressurized hydration reaction. absorption of propylene by sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis and distillation to obtain a pure product. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 5045 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 3600 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eyes-rabbits 100 mg/24 h moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; Combustion stimulus smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 980 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 750 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 2,000 ppm [10% LEL] |
Last Update：2024-05-28 14:06:56
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Raw Materials for IPA
Downstream Products for IPA
Diisopropyl ether
Isopropyl acetate
isopropyl stearate
Isopropyl palmitate
isopropyl salicylate
Isopropylamine
Isopropyl acetate
isopropyl stearate
Isopropyl palmitate
isopropyl salicylate
Isopropylamine