组氨酸
L-组氨酸(L-Histidine)
CAS: 71-00-1
化学式: C6H9N3O2
性质
- 本品为无色针状或片状结晶。无臭，稍有苦味。227℃软化，277℃分解。溶于水(7. 59%，25℃)，极难溶于醇，不溶于醚。其咪唑基易与金属离子形成络盐，常用者为其盐酸盐。在生物体内经由5一磷酸核糖焦磷酸(PRPP)和三磷酸腺苷ATP合成。它是组胺、尿刊酸、肌肽等生物物质的合成前体。
- 它是半必需氨基酸，但是是婴幼儿生长发育必不可少的氨基酸。有尿毒症患者，供应组氨酸有利于患者对氨基酸的全面利用。长期缺乏组氨酸会出现负氮平衡、皮肤损害、血清白蛋白下降，特别是红细胞压积减低。它参与生血作用中血红蛋白的合成。
制法
- 水解法 将猪血粉用盐酸在110～115℃水解24h，猪血粉球蛋白质的肽链断开，生成游离氨基酸。水解液经过滤，稀释，通过阳离子交换柱，各种氨基酸组分就按一定顺序交换在树脂上。然后在洗脱液作用下，氨基酸从树脂相转入溶液相，取含L-组氨酸的洗脱液，浓缩结晶即获得L-组氨酸。L-组氨酸也可从脱脂大豆的水解产物中提取。
- 直接发酵法。
用途
- 氨基酸类药。氨基酸输液及综合氨基酸制剂的主要成分。用法及剂量 用于治疗胃溃疡、贫血、过敏症等。皮下或肌注4%溶液5mL。
- 食品添加剂作增味剂和营养增补剂，面包制造中添加可改善香味，应用于婴幼儿食品及手术后病人食品中。
安全性
- 低毒，成人中毒量> 64g/d，成人每天摄入32g可耐受一较短时期；小鼠、大鼠，经口，LD50>15g/kg，皮下LD50 >lOg/kg，大鼠腹腔注射LD50>8g/kg;小鼠、大鼠，静脉注射LD50>2g/kg。
- 遮光，密闭干燥保存。
| 中文名 | L-组氨酸 |
| 英文名 | L-Histidine |
| 别名 | 组氨酸 L-组氨酸 左旋组氨酸 L-组氨酸标准品 L-2-氨基-3(4-咪唑基)丙酸 L-HISTIDINE L-组氨酸 |
| 英文别名 | His H-His-OH Histidine L-Histidine L-[+]-Histidine L-Histidine Base L-HISTIDINE BASE L-Histidine,free base (s)-1h-imidazole-4-alanin 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-l-alanin (s)-1h-imidazole-4-propanoicaci 4-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole (s)-4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole (s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoicacid 1H-Imidazole-4-propanoic acid, alpha-amino-, (S)- (S)-2-Amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic acid~H-His-OH |
| CAS | 71-00-1 |
| EINECS | 200-745-3 |
| 化学式 | C6H9N3O2 |
| 分子量 | 155.15 |
| InChI | InChI:1S/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11) |
| InChIKey | HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N |
| 密度 | 1.3092 (rough estimate) |
| 熔点 | 282°C (dec.)(lit.) |
| 沸点 | 278.95°C (rough estimate) |
| 比旋光度 | 12.4 º (c=11,6N HCl) |
| 水溶性 | 41.6 g/L (25 ºC) |
| JECFA Number | 1431 |
| 溶解度 | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| 折射率 | 13 ° (C=11, 6mol/L H |
| 酸度系数 | 1.8(at 25℃) |
| PH值 | 7.0-8.0 (25℃, 0.1M in H2O) |
| 存储条件 | 2-8°C |
| 稳定性 | 稳定。与强氧化剂不相容。 |
| 敏感性 | Sensitive to light |
| 外观 | 粉末 |
| 颜色 | White to off-white or pale yellow |
| 最大波长(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05'] |
| Merck | 14,4720 |
| BRN | 4673585 |
| 物化性质 | 白色晶体或结晶性粉末。无臭。稍有苦味。约于277～288℃熔化并分解。其咪唑基易与金属离子形成络盐。溶于水(4.3g/100ml，25℃)，极难溶于乙醇，不溶于乙醚。因溶解度极小等原因，常用者为其盐酸盐。 |
| MDL号 | MFCD00064315 |
| 危险品标志 | Xn - 有害物品 |
| 风险术语 | R22 - 吞食有害。 R36/37/38 - 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。 |
| 安全术语 | S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 S36/37 - 穿戴适当的防护服和手套。 S26 - 不慎与眼睛接触后，请立即用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。 S22 - 切勿吸入粉尘。 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | MS3070000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| 海关编号 | 29332990 |
| 上游原料 | D-无水葡萄糖 阳离子交换树脂 水解物 L-肌肽 |
| 下游产品 | 亮丙瑞林 胆红素 血管紧张素II 尿刊酸 5-胍基戊酸 甲基丙烯酸钠 L-组氨酸甜菜碱 |
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组氨酸 - 性质
可信数据
- 本品为无色针状或片状结晶。无臭，稍有苦味。227℃软化，277℃分解。溶于水(7. 59%，25℃)，极难溶于醇，不溶于醚。其咪唑基易与金属离子形成络盐，常用者为其盐酸盐。在生物体内经由5一磷酸核糖焦磷酸(PRPP)和三磷酸腺苷ATP合成。它是组胺、尿刊酸、肌肽等生物物质的合成前体。
- 它是半必需氨基酸，但是是婴幼儿生长发育必不可少的氨基酸。有尿毒症患者，供应组氨酸有利于患者对氨基酸的全面利用。长期缺乏组氨酸会出现负氮平衡、皮肤损害、血清白蛋白下降，特别是红细胞压积减低。它参与生血作用中血红蛋白的合成。
最后更新：2024-01-02 23:10:35
组氨酸 - 制法
可信数据
- 水解法 将猪血粉用盐酸在110～115℃水解24h，猪血粉球蛋白质的肽链断开，生成游离氨基酸。水解液经过滤，稀释，通过阳离子交换柱，各种氨基酸组分就按一定顺序交换在树脂上。然后在洗脱液作用下，氨基酸从树脂相转入溶液相，取含L-组氨酸的洗脱液，浓缩结晶即获得L-组氨酸。L-组氨酸也可从脱脂大豆的水解产物中提取。
- 直接发酵法。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:19
组氨酸 - 用途
可信数据
- 氨基酸类药。氨基酸输液及综合氨基酸制剂的主要成分。用法及剂量 用于治疗胃溃疡、贫血、过敏症等。皮下或肌注4%溶液5mL。
- 食品添加剂作增味剂和营养增补剂，面包制造中添加可改善香味，应用于婴幼儿食品及手术后病人食品中。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:20
组氨酸 - 安全性
可信数据
- 低毒，成人中毒量> 64g/d，成人每天摄入32g可耐受一较短时期；小鼠、大鼠，经口，LD50>15g/kg，皮下LD50 >lOg/kg，大鼠腹腔注射LD50>8g/kg;小鼠、大鼠，静脉注射LD50>2g/kg。
- 遮光，密闭干燥保存。
最后更新：2022-01-01 11:10:20
组氨酸 - 简介
L-组氨酸是一种氨基酸，它是人体所需的八种必需氨基酸之一。L-组氨酸具有以下性质：
结构：L-组氨酸的化学结构式为NH2-CH(CH2CH2CHNH2COOH)-COOH，它是氨基酸的左旋异构体。
溶解性：L-组氨酸在水中溶解度较高。
酸碱性：L-组氨酸属于中性氨基酸，其等电点为pH 6.0 - 6.5。
蛋白质合成：L-组氨酸是构建蛋白质的基本组成部分，参与蛋白质的合成和修复，对维持身体健康和功能至关重要。
肌肉生长和恢复：L-组氨酸可以促进肌肉生长和恢复，对于抗疲劳和增强运动能力有一定作用。
血液循环：L-组氨酸可以提高氮氧化物的生产，扩张血管，改善血液循环，有助于降低血压。
免疫调节：L-组氨酸可以增强免疫系统功能，提高身体的抵抗力。
L-组氨酸的制法主要有生物合成和化学合成两种方法。生物合成是通过发酵微生物、真菌或酵母来产生L-组氨酸，而化学合成是通过化学反应来合成L-组氨酸。
安全信息：L-组氨酸是人体内的自然组成部分，通常认为对大部分人没有明显的毒副作用。在一些特定情况下，如过敏体质、严重肾脏疾病或先天性代谢异常等，L-组氨酸的使用可能会引起不良反应。
结构：L-组氨酸的化学结构式为NH2-CH(CH2CH2CHNH2COOH)-COOH，它是氨基酸的左旋异构体。
溶解性：L-组氨酸在水中溶解度较高。
酸碱性：L-组氨酸属于中性氨基酸，其等电点为pH 6.0 - 6.5。
蛋白质合成：L-组氨酸是构建蛋白质的基本组成部分，参与蛋白质的合成和修复，对维持身体健康和功能至关重要。
肌肉生长和恢复：L-组氨酸可以促进肌肉生长和恢复，对于抗疲劳和增强运动能力有一定作用。
血液循环：L-组氨酸可以提高氮氧化物的生产，扩张血管，改善血液循环，有助于降低血压。
免疫调节：L-组氨酸可以增强免疫系统功能，提高身体的抵抗力。
L-组氨酸的制法主要有生物合成和化学合成两种方法。生物合成是通过发酵微生物、真菌或酵母来产生L-组氨酸，而化学合成是通过化学反应来合成L-组氨酸。
安全信息：L-组氨酸是人体内的自然组成部分，通常认为对大部分人没有明显的毒副作用。在一些特定情况下，如过敏体质、严重肾脏疾病或先天性代谢异常等，L-组氨酸的使用可能会引起不良反应。
最后更新：2024-04-09 20:13:35
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